RESUMO
The effects of toxofilin (an actin binding protein of Toxoplasma gondii) on G-actin was studied with spectroscopy techniques. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements proved that G-actin and toxofilin interact with 2:1 stoichiometry. The affinity of toxofilin to actin was also determined with a fluorescence anisotropy assay. Fluorescence quenching experiments showed that the accessibility of the actin bound ε-ATP decreased in the presence of toxofilin. The results can be explained by the shift of the nucleotide binding cleft into a closed conformational state. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements revealed that actin monomers become thermodynamically more stable due to the binding of toxofilin.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Capeamento de Actina/química , Actinas/química , Proteínas de Protozoários/química , Termodinâmica , Proteínas de Capeamento de Actina/genética , Proteínas de Capeamento de Actina/metabolismo , Actinas/metabolismo , Algoritmos , Animais , Sítios de Ligação/genética , Ligação Competitiva , Varredura Diferencial de Calorimetria , Polarização de Fluorescência , Temperatura Alta , Cinética , Modelos Químicos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Nucleotídeos/química , Nucleotídeos/metabolismo , Ligação Proteica , Desnaturação Proteica , Proteínas de Protozoários/genética , Proteínas de Protozoários/metabolismo , Coelhos , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Temperatura de TransiçãoRESUMO
Invasiveness is a common feature of trophoblast and tumors; however, while tumor invasion is uncontrolled, trophoblast invasion is strictly regulated. Both trophoblast and tumor cells express high levels of the immunomodulatory progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF), therefore, we aimed to test the possibility that PIBF might be involved in invasion. To this aim, we used PIBF-silenced or PIBF-treated trophoblast (HTR8/Svneo, and primary trophoblast) and tumor (HT-1080, A549, HCT116, PC3) cell lines. Silencing of PIBF increased invasiveness as well as MMP-2,-9 secretion of HTR8/SVneo, and decreased those of HT-1080 cells. PIBF induced immediate STAT6 activation in both cell lines. Silencing of IL-4Rα abrogated all the above effects of PIBF, suggesting that invasion-related signaling by PIBF is initiated through the IL-4Rα/PIBF-receptor complex. In HTR-8/SVneo, PIBF induced fast, but transient Akt and ERK phosphorylation, whereas in tumor cells, PIBF triggered sustained Akt, ERK, and late STAT3 activation. The late signaling events might be due to indirect action of PIBF. PIBF induced the expression of EGF and HB-EGF in HT-1080 cells. The STAT3-activating effect of PIBF was reduced in HB-EGF-deficient HT-1080 cells, suggesting that PIBF-induced HB-EGF contributes to late STAT3 activation. PIBF binds to the promoters of IL-6, EGF, and HB-EGF; however, the protein profile of the protein/DNA complex is different in the two cell lines. We conclude that in tumor cells, PIBF induces proteins, which activate invasion signaling, while-based on our previous data-PIBF might control trophoblast invasion by suppressing proinvasive genes.