Infarction after fine needle aspiration biopsy of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland.

BACKGROUND: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a well-established and safe method for the rapid diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma. A few clinically important complications, including bleeding, infection and inflammatory reactions, result from FNA. In a small number of cases FNA has been followed by varying degrees of necrosis in some organs. In the literature there are a few reports associated with necrosis in a pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland following FNA. CASE: A 27-year-old female had a two-year history of a right parotid mass. FNA revealed pleomorphic adenoma. A histologic diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma of the right parotid with infarction was made. CONCLUSION: Necrosis associated with infarction may cause diagnostic problems. It is not a sufficient sign of malignant transformation.

Antithrombin III reduces renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Few studies have pointed out the relationship between ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and the coagulation system. Antithrombin III (AT) has anti-inflammatory effects in IR injury. We investigated the effect of AT supplementation on renal IR injury in rats achieved by clamping of the left renal pedicle for 60 min and subsequent 24-h reperfusion after right nephrectomy. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated (no IR injury), ischemic controls, and an AT-treated group (250 U/kg before reperfusion). Creatinine values, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and histopathological damage were investigated after 24 h of reperfusion. In addition, the 7-day survival rates in each group were evaluated. Creatinine and MDA levels and MPO activity were significantly elevated and histopathological damage was more severe in controls than in the sham group (P<0.05). Creatinine and MDA levels and MPO activity were significantly lower and there was less histopathological damage in the AT group than in controls. Accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and neutrophils were significantly inhibited by AT treatment. We conclude that AT may attenuate renal IR injury in rats.

Atypical epithelial changes and mutant p53 gene expression in ovarian endometriosis.

It has been reported that cases of ovarian endometriosis those with epithelial cytological atypia have potential for malignant transformation. This study was planned to determine the incidence of atypical endometriosis and its cytological criteria, to evaluate the malignant potential of atypical endometriosis via immunohistochemical methods (p53). In this study we evaluated 140 samples obtained from 120 cases of ovarian endometriosis and 10 ovarian endometrioid carcinomas that have been previously diagnosed histopathologically. We re-evaluated endometriosis cases with respect to their epithelial and stromal features, existence of acute or chronic inflammatory cells in endometriotic epithelium or stroma and other accompanying histological findings. We observed atypia in 7 (5.8%) cases; reactive atypia in 37 (30.8%) cases, no atypia in 76 (63.4%) cases. We evaluated immunohistochemical p53 expression in 7 atypical cases, 37 reactive atypical cases, and in 10 of those without atypia and in 10 endometrioid carcinoma cases. We noted no staining in cases with atypia, reactive atypia and without atypia while 3 cases of endometrioid carcinoma had positive staining for p53. We concluded that prominent nucleolus and angulation of nuclear contour could be added to criteria of atypia that were mentioned before in the literature. In our study, even though p53 expression could not be shown with immunohistochemical methods in atypical endometriotic cases; it can not be determined that atypical endometriosis lesions are not premalignant. Still, endometriosis cases should be evaluated carefully by the pathologist for foci of cytological atypia and it should be kept in mind that malignant transformation might occur in these atypical endometriosis cases.

Antithrombin III prevents 60 min warm intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

We investigated the effect of antithrombin III on 60 min warm intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 220-250 g, were divided into three groups: group 1 sham-operated group (no IR injury, n = 8), group 2 ischemic control group (control, Ringer's lactate infused, n = 8), group 3 Antithrombin III treated group (250 U/kg before ischemia, n = 8). Intestinal ischemia was induced in rats by occluding the superior mesenteric artery for 60 min. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) and mucosal damage were investigated after 120 min reperfusion. Elevated MDA levels and MPO activity and severe histopathological damage were observed in the control group compared with the sham group (P < 0.05). Decreased MDA levels and MPO activity and less histopathological damage were detected in group 3 compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and neutrophils in mucosal tissues were significantly inhibited by antithrombin III treatment. We conclude that treatment with antithrombin III before intestinal ischemia prevents histological damage in rats.

Pharyngeal thyroid: a case report.

A 48-year-old woman presented with dysphagia. On examination of the pharynx, a mass was visible behind and adjacent to the right tonsil. It was excised and proved to be ectopic thyroid tissue.

Cytoprotective effect of trimetazidine on 75 min warm renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

In this experimental study, we evaluated the effect of trimetazidine (TMZ) on renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Renal IR was achieved by a 75-min clamping of the left renal pedicle and subsequent 24 h reperfusion, after right nephrectomy was performed. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: group 1 (sham-operated: no IR injury), group 2 (ischemic control: saline treatment), and group 3 (3 mg/kg TMZ before ischemia). After 24 h of reperfusion, blood samples and renal tissue samples were taken to measure the levels of creatinine, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity. Histopathological changes were evaluated. In addition, the 7-day survival rates in each group were evaluated. We found significant increases in the levels of creatinine and tissue MDA, severe acute tubular necrosis, and a significant decrease in the activity of the GSH-Px in group 2. There were significant decreases in the levels of creatinine and tissue MDA, mild acute tubular necrosis, and a significant increase in activity of the GSH-Px in group 3 when compared with the control group (p <0.05). Statistically significant differences (p <0.05) in survival were noted between the ischemic control and sham-operated and TMZ groups. We have concluded that TMZ is able to protect the kidney from warm IR injury.

Intramedullary spinal tuberculoma presenting as a conus tumor: a case report and review of the literature.

Intramedullary spinal tuberculoma is a rare form of central nervous system tuberculosis. Although tuberculosis is unusual in the west, it is still prevalent in Asia and Africa. We report a case in which the diagnosis was made histologically without evidence of symptoms of systemic tuberculosis. The lesion, located in the conus medullaris, mimicked a conus tumor. The patient was a 20-year-old man who presented with a history of progressive leg weakness, urinary urgency, and impotence. There was no history of, or recent contact with, tuberculosis. A diagnosis of an intramedullary tumor in the conus medullaris was made by MRI. The patient underwent a T11-L1 laminectomy and total resection of the lesion with microsurgical technique. Histologic examination revealed a granulomatous lesion containing Langhans' giant cells, inflammatory cells, and caseating necrosis. Antituberculous medication was instituted as soon as the diagnosis was made. Neurologic symptoms and signs slowly improved postoperatively. A combination of microsurgical resection and antituberculous chemotherapy should be the choice of treatment for intramedullary tuberculomas.

Effects of deferoxamine and sympathectomy on endothelin-1-induced contraction and acetylcholine-induced relaxation following subarachnoid hemorrhage in carotid artery.

The role of endothelium-related factors in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has gained interest since the discovery of EDRF and of endothelin-1 (ET-1). The effect of SAH and both treatment of deferoxamine (DFO) and sympathectomy on endothelium-dependent vasodilation and ET-1-induced vasoconstriction of isolated rabbit carotid artery was examined using an isometric tension recording method. Thirty-five rabbits were divided into four groups: control animals, 7 days after SAH, treatment with DFO after SAH for 7 days and sympathectomy after SAH. Acetylcholine (10(-8) to 10(-5) M) was used to evoke concentration-dependent vasodilation of isolated arterial rings previously contracted by 10(-6) M phenylephrine. In the animals killed 7 days after SAH, acetylcholine-induced relaxation was suppressed and the degree of relaxation of this group was 50% of the initial contractile tone in response to the 10(-5) M acetylcholine. These relaxant responses did not return to control values in carotid arteries obtained from animals treated with DFO and subjected to sympathectomy. In isolated carotid arteries, ET-1 (10(-10) to 10(-8) M) produced concentration-dependent contractions. These contractile responses were significantly enhanced in animals 7 days after SAH compared with controls and did not return to control values in carotid arteries obtained from animals both treated with DFO and sympathectomized for 7 days after SAH. The present experiments suggest that impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation and the hyperreactivity of ET-1 of the carotid artery as well as cerebral arteries may be involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm. Both treatment with DFO and sympathectomy during the chronic stage for vasospasm after SAH did not affect these vascular responses of the extradural part of the carotid artery to ET-1 and acetylcholine.

[The histopathological effects of different treatments on lung tissue of mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide and steroids in experimental E. coli sepsis]. / Siklofosfamid ve steroid verilen farelerde olusturulan deneysel E. coli sepsisinde uygulanan farkli tedavilerin akciger histopatolojisi üzerine etkileri.

The incidence of gram-negative bacteremia is significantly increasing in recent years by the wide-spread use of cytotoxic and immunosuppressive drugs. Although, the effective antimicrobial drugs are being used in treatment, the mortality rate is still high. In this study, we searched for the histopathological changes occurring on lung tissue in E. coli sepsis, and their severity in different models. Microscopically, all the specimens were examined by the presence of interstitial and peribronchiolar inflammation, congestive atelectasis, and emphysema. The differences between the ratios of histopathological changes in treatment subgroups were not statistically significant. However, the ratio of interstitial and peribronchiolar inflammation and emphysema was significantly decreased in mice received cyclophosphamide, when compared with control group. Besides, the ratio of peribronchiolar inflammation was significantly increased in mice received steroid when compared with control group.

[Female genital tract tuberculosis]. / Kadin genital sistem tüberkülozu.

The frequency of female genital tract tuberculosis exhibits a parallelism that of pulmonary tuberculosis in the population. It is generally found in reproductive women, but also occurs in postmenopausal ones. Its frequency has declined since the introduction of specific treatment, but it is discovered incidentally during the course of an investigation for infertility. The most common location is in fallopian tubes. In the Department of Pathology from the Medical School of Cumhuriyet University 11 female genital tract tuberculosis have been described between the years of 1984 and 1990. In this study, age, symptoms, localizations and pathological findings of these cases have been reviewed.

Renal pelvic biopsies of renal calculi patients.

Histological alterations in the renal pelves of 32 patients operated on for renal stone(s) were investigated in this prospective study. It was demonstrated that there were five cases of squamous metaplasia, two cases each of pyelitis cystica, pyelitis follicularis and polypoid pyelitis, and one case each of papillary adenocarcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma and encrusted pyelitis. The results obtained suggest that renal pelvic biopsy should be a routine procedure during open or percutaneous renal surgery.