An In Vitro Comparative Assessment of Shaping Capacity of a Single-File System Over Multiple-File System in Root Canals.

Objectives: The study's objective was to contrast the two distinct rotary file techniques used to shape mandibular first molars. Materials and Methods: The investigation involved twenty recently removed mandibular molars. A digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) camera was placed in a fixed position, a muffle block was built, and images of each tooth's three cross sections were obtained. The specimens were split into the following two groups at random: Rotary files from WaveOne were used to prepare group A and Mtwo rotary files were used to prepare group B. Results: At the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root canals, WaveOne file system demonstrated improved centering ability compared with the Mtwo file system (P 0.05). Conclusion: When compared to the Mtwo file system, WaveOne file system demonstrated improved centering capabilities and needed significantly less time to build the curved canals.

Comparative Assessment of Crestal Bone Loss by Flapless and Flap Technique for Implant Placement: A Prospective Study.

BACKGROUND: The use of flapless surgery for placing dental implants is extremely popular due to better radiological tools and the availability of software that help in the planning of dental implants. OBJECTIVE: The present study was done to assess crestal bone loss by using flapless and flap techniques for placing implants. METHODS: A total of 50 subjects who satisfied the inclusion criteria were selected for this study. Selected patients were then divided equally into two study groups i.e., those who are and those who are not undergoing flap surgery. Statistical analysis was done using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Statistically considerable P values were obtained. Bone loss was lesser with the flapless technique. CONCLUSION: Flapless implant placement demonstrated less crestal bone loss compared to flap surgery.

A Comparative Clinical Evaluation of Effectiveness of Platelet-Rich Plasma, Synthetic Allograft, and Bioresorbable Xenograft During Immediate Implant Placement.

BACKGROUND: The use of an appropriate graft material helps in an adequate amount of osseointegration. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a synthetic allograft (PerioGlas), and Bio-Oss, a bioresorbable xenograft in immediate implant procedures. METHODS: In this randomized, prospective study, 90 patients were categorized into three groups with 30 samples in each as Group A: patients who received PRP with an immediate implant; Group B: immediate implants with synthetic allograft (PerioGlas); and Group C: patients with immediate implants placed using bioresorbable xenograft (Bio-Oss). Postoperative follow-up was done based on plaque and gingival index, measurement of probing depths, and resorption of bone. Obtained data were statistically analyzed using the "one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)" test. RESULTS: Inter-group statistical comparisons between gingival and plaque indices at three, six, and 12 months of follow-up in the study groups demonstrated no statistical significance (p > 0.05). The mean probing depths and resorption of bone at three, six, and 12 months of follow-up were statistically nonsignificant (p > 0.05) on the inter-group comparison. CONCLUSION: It could be concluded from the present study that there is no statistical superiority observed among PRP, PerioGlas, or Bio-Oss in terms of their usage as a graft material along with immediate implant placement procedure.

COVID-19, Neuropathology, and Aging: SARS-CoV-2 Neurological Infection, Mechanism, and Associated Complications.

The spectrum of health complications instigated by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19, caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been diverse and complex. Besides the evident pulmonary and cardiovascular threats, accumulating clinical data points to several neurological complications, which are more common in elderly COVID-19 patients. Recent pieces of evidence have marked events of neuro infection and neuroinvasion, producing several neurological complications in COVID-19 patients; however, a systematic understanding of neuro-pathophysiology and manifested neurological complications, more specifically in elderly COVID-19 patients is largely elusive. Since the elderly population gradually develops neurological disorders with aging, COVID-19 inevitably poses a higher risk of neurological manifestations to the aged patients. In this report, we reviewed SARS-CoV-2 infection and its role in neurological manifestations with an emphasis on the elderly population. We reviewed neuropathological events including neuroinfection, neuroinvasion, and their underlying mechanisms affecting neuromuscular, central- and peripheral- nervous systems. We further assessed the imminent neurological challenges in the COVID-19 exposed population, post-SARS-CoV-2-infection. Given the present state of clinical preparedness, the emerging role of AI and machine learning was also discussed concerning COVID-19 diagnostics and its management. Taken together, the present review summarizes neurological outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated complications, specifically in elderly patients, and underlines the need for their clinical management in advance.

Management of subgingivally fractured maxillary anterior tooth: a multidisciplinary approach.

The major challenge in traumatic injuries is the management of subgingival fracture of anterior teeth. Forced orthodontic extrusion is a suitable approach for these teeth as it provides both a sound tissue margin for final restoration and creates a periodontal environment (biological width) which is easy for the patient to maintain. Restoration after orthodontic eruption may present a more conservative treatment choice in young patients compared with the prosthetic restoration after extraction. This paper reports a case of the fractured maxillary anterior tooth at the subgingival level that was managed by forced orthodontic extrusion after endodontic therapy followed by aesthetic rehabilitation, a much-forgotten technique not utilised routinely yet conservative and cost-effective.

Endodontic management of an unusual maxillary first molar with a single buccal root.

AIM: The aim of this clinical article is to describe the unusual anatomy that was detected in a maxillary first molar during routine endodontic treatment. BACKGROUND: Variation in Root and Root canal morphology especially in multirooted teeth presents a constant challenge for a clinician in their detection and management. The literature is replete with cases that have extra canal or Root but cases with fused Root and fewer numbers of canals are sparse. CASE DESCRIPTION: This case report describes the endodontic management of one such unusual case of maxillary first molar presenting with a single fused buccal and a palatal Root. The confirmatory diagnosis of this morphologic aberration was done with the help of spiral computerized tomography, which revealed that the contralateral tooth also had a similar morphology. CONCLUSION: Dental practitioners should always be aware of the fact that abnormalities need not be in form of extra Roots or Root canals; anomalies can also be in form of fewer number of Roots or Root canals. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A thorough knowledge of the complexities and variations of the Root canal system would help in avoiding some of the common iatrogenic access opening errors like perforations and excessive tooth removal caused during the search for the missing or extracanal.

Evaluation of apical extrusion of debris and irrigant using two new reciprocating and one continuous rotation single file systems.

OBJECTIVE: Apical extrusion of debris and irrigants during cleaning and shaping of the root canal is one of the main causes of periapical inflammation and postoperative flare-ups. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively measure the amount of debris and irrigants extruded apically in single rooted canals using two reciprocating and one rotary single file nickel-titanium instrumentation systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty human mandibular premolars, randomly assigned to three groups (n = 20) were instrumented using two reciprocating (Reciproc and Wave One) and one rotary (One Shape) single-file nickel-titanium systems. Bidistilled water was used as irrigant with traditional needle irrigation delivery system. Eppendorf tubes were used as test apparatus for collection of debris and irrigant. The volume of extruded irrigant was collected and quantified via 0.1-mL increment measure supplied on the disposable plastic insulin syringe. The liquid inside the tubes was dried and the mean weight of debris was assessed using an electronic microbalance. The data were statistically analysed using Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test and Mann Whitney U test with Bonferroni adjustment. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: The Reciproc file system produced significantly more debris compared with OneShape file system (P<0.05), but no statistically significant difference was obtained between the two reciprocating instruments (P>0.05). Extrusion of irrigant was statistically insignificant irrespective of the instrument or instrumentation technique used (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although all systems caused apical extrusion of debris and irrigant, continuous rotary instrumentation was associated with less extrusion as compared with the use of reciprocating file systems.