Coupled Electronic and Magnonic Topological States in Two-Dimensional Ferromagnets.

Magnetic materials offer a fertile playground for fundamental physics discovery, with not only electronic but also magnonic topological states intensively explored. However, one natural material with both electronic and magnonic nontrivial topologies is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate the coexistence of first-order topological magnon insulators (TMIs) and electronic second-order topological insulators (SOTIs) in 2D honeycomb ferromagnets, giving rise to the nontrivial corner states being connected by the charge-free magnonic edge states. We show that, with C3 symmetry, the phase factor ± ϕ caused by the next nearest-neighbor Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction breaks the pseudo-spin time-reversal symmetry T, which leads to the split of magnon bands, i.e., the emergence of TMIs with a nonzero Chern number of C=-1, in experimentally feasible candidates of MoI3, CrSiTe3, and CrGeTe3 monolayers. Moreover, protected by the C3 symmetry, the electronic SOTIs characterized by nontrivial corner states are obtained, bridging the topological aspect of fermions and bosons with a high possibility of innovative applications in spintronics devices.

Probucol mitigates high-fat diet-induced cognitive and social impairments by regulating brain redox and insulin resistance.

Probucol has been utilized as a cholesterol-lowering drug with antioxidative properties. However, the impact and fundamental mechanisms of probucol in obesity-related cognitive decline are unclear. In this study, male C57BL/6J mice were allocated to a normal chow diet (NCD) group or a high-fat diet (HFD) group, followed by administration of probucol to half of the mice on the HFD regimen. Subsequently, the mice were subjected to a series of behavioral assessments, alongside the measurement of metabolic and redox parameters. Notably, probucol treatment effectively alleviates cognitive and social impairments induced by HFD in mice, while exhibiting no discernible influence on mood-related behaviors. Notably, the beneficial effects of probucol arise independently of rectifying obesity or restoring systemic glucose and lipid homeostasis, as evidenced by the lack of changes in body weight, serum cholesterol levels, blood glucose, hyperinsulinemia, systemic insulin resistance, and oxidative stress. Instead, probucol could regulate the levels of nitric oxide and superoxide-generating proteins, and it could specifically alleviate HFD-induced hippocampal insulin resistance. These findings shed light on the potential role of probucol in modulating obesity-related cognitive decline and urge reevaluation of the underlying mechanisms by which probucol exerts its beneficial effects.

Asymmetric Cu(I)─W Dual-Atomic Sites Enable C─C Coupling for Selective Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction to C2H4.

Solar-driven CO2 reduction into value-added C2+ chemical fuels, such as C2H4, is promising in meeting the carbon-neutral future, yet the performance is usually hindered by the high energy barrier of the C─C coupling process. Here, an efficient and stabilized Cu(I) single atoms-modified W18O49 nanowires (Cu1/W18O49) photocatalyst with asymmetric Cu─W dual sites is reported for selective photocatalytic CO2 reduction to C2H4. The interconversion between W(V) and W(VI) in W18O49 ensures the stability of Cu(I) during the photocatalytic process. Under light irradiation, the optimal Cu1/W18O49 (3.6-Cu1/W18O49) catalyst exhibits concurrent high activity and selectivity toward C2H4 production, reaching a corresponding yield rate of 4.9 µmol g-1 h-1 and selectivity as high as 72.8%, respectively. Combined in situ spectroscopies and computational calculations reveal that Cu(I) single atoms stabilize the *CO intermediate, and the asymmetric Cu─W dual sites effectively reduce the energy barrier for the C─C coupling of two neighboring CO intermediates, enabling the highly selective C2H4 generation from CO2 photoreduction. This work demonstrates leveraging stabilized atomically-dispersed Cu(I) in asymmetric dual-sites for selective CO2-to-C2H4 conversion and can provide new insight into photocatalytic CO2 reduction to other targeted C2+ products through rational construction of active sites for C─C coupling.

Hydrogen Bonds Induced Ultra-Long Stability of Conductive Π-d Conjugated FeCo3(DDA)2 with High OER Activity.

Conductive π-d conjugated metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted wide concerns in electrocatalysis due to their intrinsic high conductivity. However, the poor electrocatalytic stability is still a major problem that hinders the practical application of MOFs. Herein, we report a novel approach to enhancing the stability of MOF-based electrocatalyst, namely, the introduction of hydrogen bonds (H-bonds). Impressively, the π-d conjugated MOF FeCo3(DDA)2 exhibits ultra-high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) stability (up to 2000 h). The experimental studies demonstrate that the presence of H-bonds in FeCo3(DDA)2 is responsible for its ultra-high OER stability. Besides that, FeCo3(DDA)2 also displays a prominent OER activity (an overpotential of 260 mV versus RHE at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and a Tafel slope of 46.86 mV dec-1). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further indicate that the synergistic effect of the Fe and Co sites in FeCo3(DDA)2 contributes to its prominent OER performance. This work provides a new avenue of boosting the electrocatalytic stability of conductive π-d conjugated MOFs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Mathematical Modeling of Initial Exothermic Behavior and Thixotropic Properties in Nanoclay-Enhanced Cementitious Materials.

In the realm of cementitious materials, integrating nanoclay shows promise in enhancing properties relevant to additive manufacturing. This paper presents a novel mathematical model that combines simple empirical dissolution/nucleation Avrami-like kinetics with a thixotropic kinetics equation. To analyze the initial exothermic peak, two sets of the calculation parameter function are built to describe the exothermic rate as a function of time, following an exponential pattern. This allows for the prediction of the changes in cumulative heat and heat rate during hydration, considering different concentrations of nanoclay. In the rheological aspect, the relationship between shear stress, shear rate, and time is modeled as a combination of exponential dependencies. This enables the prediction of the variations in shear stress with one variable while holding the other constant (either time or shear rate). By integrating these aspects, this model effectively describes both the first exothermal peak and the rheological behavior during cement hydration with the inclusion of nanoclay. Validated against experimental results, these models demonstrate good accuracy (overall below 3% error), reliability, and applicability. The findings offer valuable insights into the thermal and rheological aspects of concrete printing, enabling informed design decisions for both scientific and industrial applications.

Topology-Engineered Orbital Hall Effect in Two-Dimensional Ferromagnets.

Recent advances in the manipulation of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) within the paradigm of orbitronics presents a promising avenue for the design of future electronic devices. In this context, the recently observed orbital Hall effect (OHE) occupies a special place. Here, focusing on both the second-order topological and quantum anomalous Hall insulators in two-dimensional ferromagnets, we demonstrate that topological phase transitions present an efficient and straightforward way to engineer the OHE, where the OAM distribution can be controlled by the nature of the band inversion. Using first-principles calculations, we identify Janus RuBrCl and three septuple layers of MnBi2Te4 as experimentally feasible examples of the proposed mechanism of OHE engineering by topology. With our work, we open up new possibilities for innovative applications in topological spintronics and orbitronics.

Strong Second-Harmonic Generation Induced by a Triphenylamine-Based Bismuth-Organic Framework for Photocatalytic Activity Enhancement.

Taking advantage of the well-defined geometry of metal centers and highly directional metal-ligand coordination bonds, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising candidates for nonlinear optical (NLO) materials. In this work, taking a photoresponsive carboxylate triphenylamine derivative as an organic ligand, a bismuth-based MOF, Bi-NBC, NBC = 4',4‴,4‴″-nitrilotris(([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-carboxylic acid)) is obtained. Structure determination reveals that it is a potential NLO material derived from its noncentrosymmetric structure, which is finally confirmed by its rarely strong second harmonic generation (SHG) effect. Theoretical calculations reveal that the potential difference around Bi atoms is large; therefore, it leads to a strong local built-in electric field, which greatly facilitates the charge separation and transfer and finally improves the photocatalytic performance. Our results provide a reference for the exploration of MOFs with NLO properties.

Identification of Treg-related prognostic molecular subtypes and individualized characteristics in clear cell renal cell carcinoma through single-cell transcriptomes and bulk RNA sequencing.

BACKGROUND: In clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the role of Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) as prognostic and immunotherapy response predictors is not fully explored. METHODS: Analyzing renal clear cell carcinoma datasets from TISCH, TCGA, and GEO, we focused on 8 prognostic Treg genes to study patient subtypes in ccRCC. We assessed Treg subtypes in relation to patient prognosis, tumor microenvironment, metabolism. Using Cox regression and principal component analysis, we devised Treg scores for individual patient characterization and explored the molecular role of C1QL1, a critical gene in the Treg model, through in vivo and in vitro studies. RESULTS: Eight Treg-associated prognostic genes were identified, classifying ccRCC patients into cluster A and B. Cluster A patients showed poorer prognosis with distinct clinical and molecular profiles, potentially benefiting more from immunotherapy. Low Treg scores correlated with worse outcomes and clinical progression. Low scores also suggested that patients might respond better to immunotherapy and targeted therapies. In ccRCC, C1QL1 knockdown reduced tumor proliferation and invasion via NF-kb-EMT pathways and decreased Treg cell infiltration, enhancing immune efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: The molecular subtype and Treg score in ccRCC, based on Treg cell marker genes, are crucial in personalizing ccRCC treatment and underscore C1QL1's potential as a tumor biomarker and target for immunotherapy.

Glucuronidation dynamics of curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin for differential structures and chemical reactivities in human liver microsome and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 2B7.

THC is the main metabolite of curcumin with better bioactivity. This study aimed to explore the factors that cause differences in the bioactivity of curcumin and THC. We analyzed the metabolic activities of curcumin and THC and the factors responsible for the differences in their activities by glucuronidation activity assay, LC-MS, HPLC, homologous sequence comparisons, and molecular docking. Curcumin has higher metabolic activity than THC in HLM and UGT2B7, while the keto-enol isomers of curcumin and THC were distinctly different under different pH, and their structural transformations were hypothesized. Furthermore, UGT1A and UGT2B are differential sequences of curcumin and THC in UGTs. The binding sites and patterns of curcumin and THC in UGT2B7 are markedly different. In summary, the difference in keto-enolic interconversion isomerism between curcumin and THC is the main factor causing the difference in their activities, which provides a scientific basis for the development of curcumin.

Engineering Layertronics in Two-Dimensional Ferromagnetic Multiferroic Lattice.

Layertronics, rooted in the layer Hall effect (LHE), is an emerging fundamental phenomenon in condensed matter physics and spintronics. So far, several theoretical and experimental proposals have been made to realize LHE, but all are based on antiferromagnetic systems. Here, using symmetry and tight-binding model analysis, we propose a general mechanism for engineering layertronics in a two-dimensional ferromagnetic multiferroic lattice. The physics is related to the band geometric properties and multiferroicity, which results in the coupling between Berry curvature and layer degree of freedom, thereby generating the LHE. Using first-principles calculations, we further demonstrate this mechanism in bilayer (BL) TcIrGe2S6. Due to the intrinsic inversion and time-reversal symmetry breakings, BL TcIrGe2S6 exhibits multiferroicity with large Berry curvatures at both the center and corners of the Brillouin zone. These Berry curvatures couple with the layer physics, forming the LHE in BL TcIrGe2S6. Our work opens a new direction for research on layertronics.

Enhancing the stability of mung bean-based milk: Insights from protein characteristics and raw material selection.

Plant-based milk (PBM) alternatives are gaining popularity worldwide as the change of consumers' nutritional habits and health attitudes. Mung beans, recognized for their nutritional value, have gained attention as potential ingredients for PBM. Nevertheless, mung bean-based milk (MBM) faces instability issues common to other plant-based milks. This study investigated the factors influencing MBM stability focusing on raw materials. We selected 6 out of 20 varieties based on their MBM centrifugation sedimentation rates, representing both stable and unstable MBM. Stable MBM exhibited distinct advantages, including reduced separation rate, smaller particle size, lower viscosity, fewer protein aggregates, higher soluble protein content, and increased consumer acceptance. Major nutritional components such as protein, starch, and lipids were not significant different between stable and unstable MBM varieties. The pivotal distinction may lay in the protein properties and composition. Stable MBM varieties exhibited significantly improved protein solubility and emulsion stability, along with elevated concentrations of legume-like acidic subunits, basic 7S proteins, and 28 kDa and 26 kDa vicilin-like subunits. The increasement of these proteins likely contributed to the improvement in protein characteristics that affect MBM stability. These findings offer valuable insights for raw material selection and guidance for future mung bean breeding to enhance mung bean milk production.

Pd-Decorated Cu2O-Ag Catalyst Promoting CO2 Electroreduction to C2H4 by Optimizing CO Intermediate Adsorption and Hydrogenation.

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to high value-added products, such as ethylene (C2H4), offers a promising approach to achieve carbon neutrality. Although recent studies have reported that a tandem catalyst (for example, Cu-Ag systems) exhibits advantage in C2H4 production, its practical application is largely inhibited by the following: (1) a traditional tandem catalyst cannot effectively stabilize the *CO intermediate, resulting in sluggish C-C coupling, and (2) inadequate H2O activation ability hinders the hydrogenation of intermediates. To break through the above bottleneck, herein, palladium (Pd) was introduced into Cu2O-Ag, a typical conventional tandem catalyst, to construct a Cu2O-Pd-Ag ternary catalyst. Extensive experiment and density functional theory calculation prove that Pd can efficiently stabilize the *CO intermediate and promote the H2O activation, which contributes to the C-C coupling and intermediate hydrogenation, the key steps in the conversion of CO2 to C2H4. Beneficial to the efficient synergy of Cu2O, Pd, and Ag, the optimal Cu2O-Pd-Ag ternary catalyst achieves CO2RR toward C2H4 with a faradaic efficiency of 63.2% at -1.2 VRHE, which is higher than that achieved by Cu2O-Ag and most of other reported catalysts. This work is a fruitful exploration of a rare ternary catalyst, providing a new route for constructing an efficient CO2RR electrocatalyst.

Composite of formamidinium lead bromide perovskite FAPbBr3 with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for efficient H2 evolution from HBr splitting.

Solar hydrobromic acid (HBr) splitting using perovskite photocatalysts provides an attractive avenue to store solar energy into hydrogen (H2) and bromine (Br2), while an efficient photocatalytic system is still demanded. As for the semiconductor photocatalyst, formamidinium perovskites show some superiorities in structural stability, light adsorption and charge dynamics compared to their methylammonium counterparts, which are fitter for the photocatalysis process. Herein, the composite of formamidinium lead bromide perovskite (FAPbBr3) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is prepared using a facile photoreduction method. Under simulated sunlight irradiation (AM1.5G, 100 mW cm-2), this FAPbBr3/rGO composite (100 mg) demonstrates a noteworthy enhancement in photocatalytic H2 evolution activity of 386.7 µmol h-1, and it exhibits a notable stability with no significant decrease after 50 h of repeated tests. The single particle PL (photoluminescence) microscope is employed to study the charge dynamics, revealing that rGO in the composite effectively promotes the carrier separation. This work provides a highly efficient and stable photocatalyst for HBr splitting, and offers an effective modification strategy on lead bromide perovskites.

Bending deformation modulation of the optoelectronic properties of molybdenum ditelluride doped with nonmetallic atoms X (X = B, C, N, O): a first-principles study.

CONTEXT: A first-principles approach based on density functional theory was used to explore the effect of bending deformation on the electrical structure of molybdenum ditelluride doped with nonmetallic atoms X (X = B, C, N, and O). The study included alternate doping of nonmetallic atoms, as well as a comparison of the effects of intrinsic bending deformation and nonmetallic doping deformation. The results demonstrate that boron atom doping raises the Fermi energy level. Examining the energy band structure indicates that the intrinsic molybdenum ditelluride is a direct band gap semiconductor, which is transformed from a direct band gap to an indirect band gap after doping. We selected boron-doped systems for bending deformation and compared them with the intrinsic systems. With increasing deformation, all systems start to shift from semiconductor to metal. When the deformation reaches 8°, the energy levels fill and the electron energy increases. The intrinsically bent systems transition from direct band gap to indirect band gap and eventually to metal. The indirect band gap semiconductor-to-metal transition process occurs after the bending deformation of the boron-doped atoms. The analytical results show that the absorption and reflection peaks of the molybdenum ditelluride system are blue-shifted after the bending deformation of the boron-doped atoms. METHODS: Under fundamental principles, this research depends on the density functional theory framework (DFT) using the CASTEP module in the Materials-Studio software. The plane-wave pseudopotential approach with modified gradient approximation and the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) generalized function is used for structure optimization and total energy calculations of the X-doped (X = B, C, N, O) MoTe2 system at different shape variables. Geometry optimization of the 27-atom superlattice MoTe2 was carried out, followed by alternative doping of tellurium atoms in the molybdenum ditelluride with B, C, N, and O. In this paper, the intrinsic bending deformation and B-doping of molybdenum ditelluride were selected for deformation analysis. Intrinsic bending deformations and boron-doped molybdenum ditelluride with bending angles ranging from 2° to 8° were employed for deformation investigation. In Fig. 1, pink is used to represent doped B atoms, orange is used to describe Te atoms, and green is used to represent Mo atoms. For the degree of deformation of molybdenum ditelluride, in this paper, it is expressed by the bending angle, i.e., the angle of the plane of molybdenum ditelluride after bending and deformation of a single layer of molybdenum ditelluride concerning the angle of the plane folded for the deformed plane. How to do it: For ease of presentation, the atomic chains are set to different colors. The purple part on both sides of the figure is bent and deformed, 3-5 atoms are fixed appropriately, and the middle part is deformed. On this basis, the bending deformation of intrinsically doped and boron-doped MoTe2 is comparatively analyzed. The effect of boron-doped atoms on the structure of MoTe2 is systematically investigated to study its structural stability and electronic structure. Fig. 1 a1 and a2 The main and side views of intrinsic MoTe2; b1 and (b2) the main and side views of MoTe2 doped with boron atoms bent by 8°.

Experience of humanistic nursing in hemodialysis nursing for patients with diabetic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevalent complication of diabetes that often requires hemodialysis for treatment. In the field of nursing, there is a growing recognition of the importance of humanistic care, which focuses on the holistic needs of patients, including their emotional, psychological, and social well-being. However, the application of humanistic nursing in the context of hemodialysis for DKD patients remains relatively unexplored. AIM: To explore the experience of humanistic nursing in hemodialysis nursing for DKD patients. METHODS: Ninety-six DKD patients treated with hemodialysis from March 2020 to June 2022 were included in the study and divided into the control cluster (48 cases) and the study cluster (48 cases) according to different nursing methods; the control cluster was given routine nursing and the study cluster was given humanized nursing. The variances of negative emotion mark, blood glucose, renal function, the incidence of complications, life mark and nursing satisfaction before and after nur-sing were contrasted between the two clusters. RESULTS: No significant difference in negative emotion markers between the two clusters were observed before nursing (P > 0.05), and the negative emotion markers of the two clusters decreased after nursing. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale markers were lower in the study cluster than the control cluster. The healing rate of patients in the study cluster was significantly higher than the control cluster (97.92% vs 85.42%, P < 0.05). Blood glucose parameters were not significantly different between the groups prior to nursing (P > 0.05). However, after nursing, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine (SCr) levels in the study cluster were lower than those in the control cluster (P < 0.05). The incidence rate of complications was significantly lower in the study group compared to the control cluster (6.25% vs 20.83%, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the life markers between the two clusters before nursing. While the life markers increased after nursing for both groups, the 36-item health scale markers in the study cluster were higher than those within the control cluster (P < 0.05). Finally, the nursing satisfaction rate was 93.75% in the study cluster, compared to 75% in the control cluster (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In hemodialysis for DKD patients, the implementation of humanistic nursing achieved ideal results, effectively reducing patients' psychological negative emotion markers so that they can actively cooperate with the diagnosis and nursing, facilitate the control of blood glucose and the maintenance of residual renal function, reduce the occurrence of complications, and finally enhance the life quality and nursing satisfaction of patients. It is worthy of being widely popularized and applied.

The Burgeoning Significance of Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutics of Cancers.

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a physiological phenomenon that parallels the mixing of oil and water, giving rise to compartments with diverse physical properties. Biomolecular condensates, arising from LLPS, serve as critical regulators of gene expression and control, with a particular significance in the context of malignant tumors. Recent investigations have unveiled the intimate connection between LLPS and cancer, a nexus that profoundly impacts various facets of cancer progression, including DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, oncogene expression, and the formation of critical membraneless organelles within the cancer microenvironment. This review provides a comprehensive account of the evolution of LLPS from the molecular to the pathological level. We explore the mechanisms by through which biomolecular condensates govern diverse cellular physiological processes, encompassing gene expression, transcriptional control, signal transduction, and responses to environmental stressors. Furthermore, we concentrate on potential therapeutic targets and the development of small-molecule inhibitors associated with LLPS in prevalent clinical malignancies. Understanding the role of LLPS and its interplay within the tumor milieu holds promise for enhancing cancer treatment strategies, particularly in overcoming drug resistance challenges. These insights offer innovative perspectives and support for advancing cancer therapy.

Unveiling pH-Dependent Adsorption Strength of *CO2 - Intermediate over High-Density Sn Single Atom Catalyst for Acidic CO2-to-HCOOH Electroreduction.

The acidic electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) for direct formic acid (HCOOH) production holds promise in meeting the carbon-neutral target, yet its performance is hindered by the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Understanding the adsorption strength of the key intermediates in acidic electrolyte is indispensable to favor CO2RR over HER. In this work, high-density Sn single atom catalysts (SACs) were prepared and used as catalyst, to reveal the pH-dependent adsorption strength and coverage of *CO2 - intermediatethat enables enhanced acidic CO2RR towards direct HCOOH production. At pH=3, Sn SACs could deliver a high Faradaic efficiency (90.8 %) of HCOOH formation and a corresponding partial current density up to -178.5 mA cm-2. The detailed in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic studies reveal that a favorable alkaline microenvironment for CO2RR to HCOOH is formed near the surface of Sn SACs, even in the acidic electrolyte. More importantly, the pH-dependent adsorption strength of *CO2 - intermediate is unravelled over the Sn SACs, which in turn affects the competition between HER and CO2RR in acidic electrolyte.

Targeting Magnaporthe oryzae effector MoErs1 and host papain-like protease OsRD21 interaction to combat rice blast.

Effector proteins secreted by plant pathogenic fungi are important artilleries against host immunity, but there is no precedent of such effectors being explored as antifungal targets. Here we demonstrate that MoErs1, a species-specific effector protein secreted by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, inhibits the function of rice papain-like cysteine protease OsRD21 involved in rice immunity. Disrupting MoErs1-OsRD21 interaction effectively controls rice blast. In addition, we show that FY21001, a structure-function-based designer compound, specifically binds to and inhibits MoErs1 function. FY21001 significantly and effectively controls rice blast in field tests. Our study revealed a novel concept of targeting pathogen-specific effector proteins to prevent and manage crop diseases.

Revealing the Lattice Carbonate Mediated Mechanism in Cu2(OH)2CO3 for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to C2H4.

Understanding the CO2 transformation mechanism on materials is essential for the design of efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction. In aconventional adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM), the catalysts encounter multiple high-energy barrier steps, especially CO2 activation, limiting the activity and selectivity. Here, lattice carbonate from Cu2(OH)2CO3 is revealed to be a mediator between CO2 molecules and catalyst during CO2 electroreduction by a 13C isotope labeling method, which can bypass the high energy barrier of CO2 activation and strongly enhance the performance. With the lattice carbonate mediated mechanism (LCMM), the Cu2(OH)2CO3 electrode exhibited ten-fold faradaic efficiency and 15-fold current density for ethylene production than the Cu2O electrode with AEM at a low overpotential. Theoretical calculations and in situ Raman spectroscopy results show that symmetric vibration of carbonate is precisely enhanced on the catalyst surface with LCMM, leading to faster electron transfer, and lower energy barriers of CO2 activation and carbon-carbon coupling. This work provides a route to develop efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction based on lattice-mediated mechanism.

Establishment and application of a rapid assay for GII.4/GII.17 NoV detection based on the combination of CRISPR/Cas13a and isothermal amplification.

Introduction: Norovirus (NoV) is one of the most important agents responsible for viral acute gastroenteritis, among which GII.4 NoV is the predominant strain worldwide, and GII.17 NoV surpassed GII.4 in some epidemic seasons. Rapid and accurate gene recognition is essential for a timely response to NoV outbreaks. Methods: In the present study, the highly conserved regions of GII.4 and GII.17 NoVs were identified in the junction of open reading frame (ORF) 1 and ORF2 and then amplified by isothermal recombinase-aided amplification (RAA), followed by the cleavage of CRISPR-Cas13a with screened CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) and RAA primers. The entire detection procedure could be completed within 40 min using a thermostat, and the results could be read out by the naked eye under a portable blue light transilluminator. Discussion: The assay showed a high sensitivity of 97.96% and a high specificity of 100.0%. It offered a low limit of detection (LOD) of 2.5×100 copies/reaction and a coincidence rate of 96.75% in 71 clinical fecal samples. Overall, rapid and inexpensive detection of GII.4/GII.17 NoVs was established, which makes it possible to be used in areas with limited resources, particularly in low-income countries. Furthermore, it will contribute to assessing transmission risks and implementing control measures for GII.4/GII.17 NoVs, making healthcare more accessible worldwide.