Update on radioguided surgery: from international consensus on sentinel node in head and neck cancer to the advances on gynaecological tumors and localization of non-palpable lesions. / Actualización en cirugía radioguiada: del consenso internacional en ganglio centinela de cabeza y cuello a los avances en tumores ginecológicos y localización de lesiones no palpables.

The aim of this review is to provide an updated perspective on different fields of radioguided surgery. With reference to the sentinel lymph node biopsy in oral squamous cell carcinoma, we present the results of the interactive debate held at the recent Congress of our specialty about the more relevant aspects of the London Consensus. Drainage peculiarities and indications according to the current guidelines on gynaecological tumours, endometrial and cervical cancer, are detailed and new scenarios for nuclear medicine physicians are presented; robotic surgery and hybrid tracers, for instance. Moreover, the notable growth in radioguided surgery indications for non-palpable lesions, widely used in mammary pathology, make it advisable to update two procedures which have shown satisfying results, such as the solitary pulmonary nodule and the osteoid osteoma.

[Value of 99mTc-Sulphur colloid scintigraphy in the diagnosis of intermittent digestive bleeding secondary to a case of jejunal angiodysplasia]. / Valor de la gammagrafía 99mTc-sulfuro coloidal en el diagnóstico de hemorragia digestiva intermitente secundaria a un caso de angiodisplasia en yeyuno.

We present the case of a 74 year old female patient, with clinical criteria of liver cirrhosis caused by hepatic C virus who required several admissions in our hospital over a five month period. She was given several blood transfusions because of repeated clinical manifestation of gastrointestinal bleeding without a clear origin. Her last admission was due to intermittent melenas, secondary anemia and hemodynamic angina. The patient's study included clinical analysis, fibrogastroscopy, colonoscopy, opaque enema, spiral CT and supraortic vessels arteriography. Because all the results to diagnose and locate the patient's disease were negative, she was referred to our service for a scintigraphy study. As it was an emergency case because of the patient's serious hemodynamic condition, a 99mTc-sulphur colloid scintigraphy was chosen, the results of which showed and located active gastrointestinal bleeding requiring urgent surgical intervention. The laparotomy with intrasurgical enterotomy and fibrogastroscopy undertaken ratified gastrointestinal bleeding, and the result of the biopsy of the jejunum removed in the intervention confirmed bowel angiodysplasia. Given the low incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to bowel angiodysplasia and absence of bibliographic references regarding the diagnosis of this disease in the above mentioned site by means of 99mTc-sulphur colloid scintigraphy in particular, we consider it interesting to highlight this case, in which the capability of this nuclear medicine technique for quick and non-invasive detection and location of gastrointestinal bleeding has been highly proven.

[Benefits of pyeloplasty in children with pyeloureteral stenosis: study of somatic development and differential renal function]. / Beneficios de la pieloplastia en niños con estenosis pieloureteral: estudio evolutivo del desarrollo somático y la función renal diferencial.

INTRODUCTION: Under the actual controversy about the management of hydronephrosis for ureteropelvic junction obstruction, our objective has been to evaluate the indications and the effects of pyeloplasty as therapeutic option. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have reviewed the charts of patients who underwent pyeloplasty, in special concerns at the preoperatory study and the postoperatory control by means of differential renal function (DRF) and half-time drainage (T1/2) on curves of Tc99m MAG3 diuretic renogram, and the effects in the body growth. RESULTS: Between 1995-1999 a total of 16 patients (17 kidneys) underwent pyeloplasty (range: 2 months to 12 years), selecting for the surgical treatment the symptomatic cases and the asymptomatics with alteration of renographic curve and/or DRF. The left side was involved in 12 cases, the right side in 3, and one case was bilateral. The malformation was detected by prenatual ultrasonography on 56.25% of cases and by several symptoms (abdominal pain, infection) in remaIns. The preoperatory DRF was normal (> or = 45%) in 53.3% and deteriorated in 46.7%. Postoperatively, global differential renal function improved significantly, with normal values in 66.7% of kidneys at first control and 75% at the second one. All the cases presented before surgery an obstructed renographic curve, with a half-time superior to 20 minutes; after pyeloplasty the excretory pattern in the diuresis renogram improved significantly, with a normal pattern (T1/2 < 10') in 54%, indeterminate (T1/2 between 11 and 20') in 26.7% and obstructive (T1/2 > 20') in 20% of cases. At the age of surgery, 29.4% of children was below the 50th percentile in weight; postoperatively, only 5.9% was, demonstrating a significant increment in all the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Pyeloplasty is an effective technique for the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in the selected cases, demonstrating a significant of differential renal function and body growth.