A cloth facemask increased ratings of perceived exertion and reduced affect, without affecting sprint or muscular performance.

We determined the effects of wearing a cloth facemask on exercise performance and subjective responses during training of track and field athletes. Track and field athletes (n = 10, sprinters and long jumpers) performed two training sessions with and without a three-layered antiviral cloth facemask. The training session simulated the specific demands of the sport, consisting of five 30-m sprints, interspersed with passive 4-min intervals. Countermovement jump performance was assessed pre- and post-sprints, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and affect were collected throughout. There was no evidence of condition*time interactions for sprint time (P = 0.21) or acceleration (P = 0.47). There was weak evidence of a condition effect on RPE (P = 0.05), though no condition*time interaction (P = 0.35). There was moderate evidence of a condition*time interaction for affect (P = 0.02), with lower ratings following sprints 3, 4 and 5 when using the mask. These findings suggest that wearing a mask may negatively impact subjective feelings of training without necessarily harming sprint performance.

The Influence of Different Training Load Magnitudes on Sleep Pattern, Perceived Recovery, and Stress Tolerance in Young Soccer Players.

ABSTRACT: Ferreira, ABdM, Ribeiro, BLL, Batista, EdS, Dantas, MP, and Mortatti, AL. The influence of different training load magnitudes on sleep pattern, perceived recovery, and stress tolerance in young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 351-357, 2023-The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of 3 weeks on sleep parameters, perceived recovery, and stress tolerance in young soccer players using different training load magnitudes. A total of 13 young male soccer athletes (15.9 ± 0.5 years; 68.7 ± 6.1 kg; 170 ± 7 cm) who performed 3 typical training weeks with different workloads were analyzed. The external training load (ETL) was verified by the PlayerLoad method, and the internal training load (ITL) was determined using the session rating of perceived exertion method. Sleep was monitored using a wrist-actigraphy monitor. Sleep variables, including total time in bed (TTB), total sleep time (TST), sleep latency (SL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency (SE), were evaluated across all nights of sleep. The recovery status was assessed with the perceived recovery status (PRS) scale, and the stress tolerance was monitored using the "daily analysis of life demands of athletes" questionnaire. There was an increase in sleep time during the week with the highest training load (week 2) (TTB: +35 minutes, TST: +46 minutes, SL: -5 minutes, SE: +3%). There was no difference in the PRS or in the stress tolerance during the evaluation weeks. A very large within-individual correlation was observed between ITL and ETL ( r = 0.78) and moderate within-individual correlation between ETL and TST ( r = 0.34), between ITL and TST ( r = 0.45), and between ITL and SE ( r = 0.359). These results showed that there was an increase in TST during a microcycle with intensified loads, without impairing bedtime and resulting in maintenance of the perceived recovery or stress tolerance values.

Short-Term Effects of Repeated-Sprint Training on Vertical Jump Ability and Aerobic Fitness in Collegiate Volleyball Players During Pre-Season.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of repeated-sprint training (RST) on vertical jump ability and aerobic power in college volleyball players. Nineteen male volleyball players, aged between 18-24 years, were randomized into the RST group (RST; n = 10) and control group (CG; n = 9). The RST included 2-3 sets of 6×30m all-out sprints, twice per week, in addition to the regular training routine. The control group performed only the regular volleyball training sessions (i.e. mainly of technical-tactical drills). All players performed a maximal graded treadmill test, vertical countermovement jump (CMJ), and repeated-vertical jump ability (RVJA) test before and after 6-weeks of the training program. The following variables were determined from the RVJA: peak (RVJApeak), average (RVJAmean), and rate of decrement (RVJADec). A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures showed an interaction effect on CMJ (F (1,17) = 6.92; p = 0.018; η 2 = 0.289), RVJApeak (F (1,17) = 4.92; p = 0.040; η 2 = 0.225), maximal oxygen uptake (F (1,17) = 9.29; p = 0.007; η 2 = 0.353) and maximal speed attained in the treadmill test (F (1,17) = 8.66; p = 0.009; η 2 = 0.337), with significant improvements only on the RST group. In conclusion, RST, twice per week, improved RVJA and aerobic power in comparison to regular skill-based volleyball training.

Effect of resistance training with blood flow restriction on muscle damage markers in adults: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this review was to systematically analyze the evidence regarding the occurrence of muscle damage (changes in muscle damage markers) after resistance training with blood flow restriction sessions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA recommendations. Two researchers independently and blindly searched the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, LILACS and SPORTdicus. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials which analyzed the effect of resistance training with blood flow restriction on muscle damage markers in humans were included. The risk of bias assessment was performed by two blinded and independent researchers using the RoB2 tool. RESULTS: A total of 21 studies involving 352 healthy participants (men, n = 301; women, n = 51) were eligible for this review. The samples in 66.6% of the studies (n = 14) were composed of untrained individuals. All included studies analyzed muscle damage using indirect markers. Most studies had more than one muscle damage marker and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness was the measure most frequently used. The results for the occurrence of significant changes in muscle damage markers after low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction sessions were contrasting, and the use of a pre-defined repetition scheme versus muscle failure seems to be the determining point for this divergence, mainly in untrained individuals. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the use of sets until failure is seen to be determinant for the occurrence of significant changes in muscle damage markers after low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction sessions, especially in individuals not used to resistance exercise. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Register number: PROSPERO number: CRD42020177119.

Application and side effects of blood flow restriction technique: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey of professionals.

ABSTRACT: The physiological benefits of applying blood flow restriction (BFR) in isolation or in the presence of physical exercise have been widely documented in the scientific literature. Most investigations carried out under controlled laboratory conditions have found the technique to be safe. However, few studies have analyzed the use of the technique in clinical settings.To analyze how the BFR technique has been applied by professionals working in the clinical area and the prevalence of side effects (SEs) resulting from the use of this technique.This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 136 Brazilian professionals who perform some function related to physical rehabilitation, sports science, or physical conditioning participated in this study. Participants answered a self-administered online questionnaire consisting of 21 questions related to the professional profile and methodological aspects and SEs of the BFR technique.Professionals reported applying the BFR technique on individuals from different age groups from youth (≤18 years; 3.5%) to older adults (60-80 years; 30.7%), but mainly on people within the age group of 20 to 29 years (74.6%). A total of 99.1% of the professionals coupled the BFR technique with resistance exercise. Their main goals were muscle hypertrophy and physical rehabilitation. The majority (60.9%) of interviewees reported using BFR in durations of less than 5 minutes and the pressure used was mainly determined through the values of brachial blood pressure and arterial occlusion. Moreover, 92% of professionals declared observing at least 1 SE resulting from the BFR technique. Most professionals observed tingling (71.2%) and delayed onset of muscle soreness (55.8%). Rhabdomyolysis, fainting, and subcutaneous hemorrhaging were reported less frequently (1.9%, 3.8%, and 4.8%, respectively).Our findings indicate that the prescription of blood flow restriction technique results in minimal serious side effects when it is done in a proper clinical environment and follows the proposed recommendations found in relevant scientific literature.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Performance in Multiple Domains of Executive Functions in School-Aged Adolescents.

The objective of this study was to investigate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and performance in multiple domains of executive functions in school-aged adolescents. A sample of 132 adolescents (43% girls) aged 11-16 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Each participant completed a progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance running (PACER) test, computerized cognitive tasks (Attentional Network, Berg's Card Sorting, Go/No-Go oddball, Sternberg's Working Memory, and Tower of London) and questionnaire for daytime sleepiness, as well as other factors that might influence cognitive performance (age, sex, school year, pubertal stage, and body mass index - BMI). Generalized linear model was used to calculate the coefficient estimates (ß) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for the cognitive tasks using PACER laps as a predictor, controlling for potential confounding variables. There was a negatively association of PACER laps with planning (ß = -17.1, 95% CI -31.9, -2.3) and solution (ß = -44.6, 95% CI -75.1, -14.2) time in performing the Tower of London task, as well as with perseverative errors in performing Berg's task (ß = -0.073, 95% CI -0.133, -0.013). Moderating effect of sex was found for the association of PACER laps with completed categories and perseverative errors in Berg's task (p < 0.05). Mediating effect of BMI was found for the association between PACER laps and NoGo task, revealing a full mediator accounted for 81% of the total effect mediated (standardized indirect effect, -0.069, 95% CI -0.140, -0.020; standardized direct effect, 0.011, 95% CI -0.149, 0.165). No association was found for Attentional or Sternberg's tasks. The findings suggest that school-aged adolescents with higher CRF level showed better planning and problem-solving abilities and cognitive flexibility. Additionally, the positive association of CRF with cognitive flexibility was sex-moderated and with inhibitory control was BMI-mediated.

Mental Fatigue Reduces Training Volume in Resistance Exercise: A Cross-Over and Randomized Study.

The present study aimed to determine the effect of mental fatigue (MF) on total training volume (TTV; number of repetitions x number of sets x load) and on ratings of perceived exertion (RPE; Borg, 1982) in the half-back squat exercise (HBSE). Nine male subjects (M age = 22.6 years, SD = 2.3; M height = 172.3 cm, SD = 6.8; M weight = 76.2 kg, SD = 9.8; M years of resistance training experience = 4.1, SD = 2.3 years) recruited from a university population were study participants in this participant-blind cross-over and randomized study. Participants underwent either the Stroop task - a highly demanding cognitive task (CT) - or a control condition (CON) in which they viewed a documentary exhibition for 30 minutes. Perception of MF and motivation were assessed after treatments using a visual analog scale of 100 mm. Participants then engaged in a countermovement jump (CMJ) test and three sets of HBSE until they reached momentary concentric failure, reporting RPE at the end of each exercise set. Following the CT, participants showed a significantly increased self-perception of MF in relation to the CON condition (p = 0.01; d = 1.2), but this did not affect their motivation to engage in subsequent tests (p = 0.99; d = 0.006). Neither the CMJ performances nor the RPE were statistically different between CT and CON conditions (p = 0.33; d = 0.09 and p = 0.20; η2 = 0.20, respectively). TTV was significantly lower in the CT relative to the CON experimental condition (Δ = -15.8%; p = 0.04; η2 = 0.48). Prolonged involvement in a CT was associated with reduced volume on a resistance exercise, though this effect was not associated with changes in CMJ performance or motivation to exercise.

Retrospective Study of Risk Factors and the Prevalence of Injuries in HIFT.

The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors and the incidence of injuries in high-intensity functional training (HIFT) practitioners. A survey was administered to 213 HIFT practitioners. Participants reported the number of injuries, the location of the injuries, and training exposure during the preceding six months and answered questions regarding potential risk factors for injury. We found there were 7.1 injuries for every 1000 hours of training. In addition, we found that individuals with experience in the modality (>2 years) were 3.77 times more likely to be affected by injury when compared with beginner individuals (<6 months) (CI95%=1.59-8.92; p=0.003). When the analysis was performed only for the competitive level, we found that practitioners competing at the national level were 5.69 times more likely to experience an injury than competitors who do not compete (CI95%=1.10-29.54; p=0.038). We also found that the injuries mainly affect the shoulder and lumbar regions. It was possible to conclude that subjects with a higher level of experience in the modality are more likely to be affected by injuries and that the shoulder and lumbar areas are most likely to be injured during HIFT.

The stretch-shortening cycle efficiency is dependent on the maturational stage / A eficiência do ciclo alongamento-encurtamento é dependente do estágio maturacional

Abstract Maturation interferes with physiological and mechanical aspects of muscle contraction. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficiency of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) between different maturation stages. One hundred forty six young people, with 72 boys and 74 girls, were recruited to participate in the study. Sexual maturation was measured and the group was stratified into adolescents (> 3 auto-tanner) and children (<2 auto-tanner). Squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance were measured to measure reactive force (RF) capacity, eccentric utilization ratio (EUR) and pre-stretch augmentation (PSAP). The children did not present statistical difference between SJ and CMJ (t(55)= -1.93; ∆ = -0.61; 95% CI = -1.24 to -0.02; p = 0.058), while the adolescents presented higher performance of CMJ (t(89)= -12.28; ∆ = -2.44; 95% CI = -2.84 to -2.05; p <0.001). In addition, adolescents had higher RF performance (t(144)= 5.18; p <0.0001; 95% CI = 2.53 to 1.13), PSAP (t(144)= 4.38; p <0.0001; 95% CI = 14.00 to 5.29) and EUR (t(144)= 4.38; p <0.0001; 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.05). We conclude that more mature young people have better SSC utilization.

Resumo Maturação interfere em aspectos fisiológicos e mecânicos da contração muscular. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a eficiência do ciclo alongamento-encurtamento (SSC) em diferentes estágios maturacionais. Cento e quarenta e seis jovens, sendo 72 meninos e 74 meninas, foram recrutados para participar do estudo. Maturação sexual foi mensurada e o grupo foi estratificado em adolescentes (≥ 3 e crianças (< estágio 2). Salto estático (SJ) e o salto contramovimento (CMJ) foram utilizados para mensurar a força reativa (RF), razão de utilização da excêntrica (EUR) e aumento do pré-estiramento (PSAP). As crianças não apresentaram diferença significante entre SJ e CMJ (t(55)= -1.93; ∆ = -0.61; 95% CI = -1.24 to -0.02; p = 0.058), Enquanto que os adolescentes apresentaram maior desempenho de CMJ (t(89)= -12.28; ∆ = -2.44; 95% CI = -2.84 to -2.05; p <0.001). Em adição, adolescentes apresentaram maior RF (t(144)= 5.18; p <0.0001; 95% CI = 2.53 to 1.13), PSAP (t(144)= 4.38; p <0.0001; 95% CI = 14.00 to 5.29) e EUR (t(144)= 4.38; p <0.0001; 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.05). Nós concluímos que jovens com mais maturados apresentam maior capacidade de utilização do SSC.

Level of physical activity and motor coordination of schoolchildren in different maturational stages / Nível de atividade física e coordenação motora de escolares em diferentes estágios maturacionais

INTRODUCTION: Studies and debates in the field of motor development reveal that sport and physical activity develop and improve motor skills. These studies seek to understand the changes that occur with movement, which becomes more complex as it develops through physical activity. OBJECTIVE: To compare the level of physical activity and motor coordination of students in different maturational stages and to relate the level of physical activity with the motor coordination of young people. METHODS: Descriptive research with cross section. The study included 46 male individuals, aged between 10 and 14 years. The Baecke Habitual Physical Activity questionnaire was applied; the maturity stage was verified through the Pubertal Maturation Prediction Equation; body composition was assessed using the Guedes protocol for children and adolescents; Finally, the coordinating performance was rated using the Korperkoordinationstest fur Kinder (KTK) test battery. RESULTS: There were significant differences for the variables Age and Height between all stages: P3, P4 and P5 of maturation. The differences found in body mass occurred only between stages P3 and P5; P4 and P5. It was also observed that no significant differences were found for motor coordination between the maturation stages. The same occurred when the physical activity indices were compared CONCLUSION: There is no difference in the level of physical activity between stages 3, 4 and 5 of sexual maturation, nor does the maturational stage seem to influence the level of motor coordination of young schoolchildren.

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos e debates na área do desenvolvimento motor revelam que o esporte e a atividade física desenvolvem e melhoram as habilidades motoras. Esses estudos buscam compreender as mudanças que ocorrem com o movimento, o qual se torna mais complexo à medida que se desenvolve através da atividade física. OBJETIVO: Comparar o nível de atividade física e coordenação motora de escolares em diferentes estágios maturacionais e relacionar o nível de atividade física com a coordenação motora de jovens MÉTODO: Pesquisa descritiva com corte transversal. Participaram do estudo 46 indivíduos do sexo masculino, com idades entre 10 e 14 anos. Foi aplicado o questionário de Atividade Física Habitual de Baecke; o estágio de maturidade foi verificado através da Equação de Predição da Maturação Puberal; a composição corporal foi avaliada através do protocolo de Guedes para crianças e adolescentes; por fim, o desempenho coordenativo foi classificado por meio da bateria de testes Korperkoordinationstest fur Kinder (KTK). RESULTADOS: Houve diferenças significativas para as variáveis Idade e Estatura entre todos os estágios: P3, P4 e P5 de maturação. As diferenças encontradas na massa corporal ocorreram apenas entre os estágios P3 e P5; P4 e P5. Observou-se também que não foram encontradas diferenças significativas para a coordenação motora entre os estágios de maturação. O mesmo ocorreu quando os índices de atividade física foram comparados. CONCLUSÃO: Não existe diferença no nível de atividade física entre os estágios 3, 4 e 5 da maturação sexual, assim como o estágio maturacional não parece influenciar o nível de coordenação motora de jovens escolares

Effect of Acute and Chronic Aerobic Exercise on Immunological Markers: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: The effects of aerobic exercise on the immune system are not yet fully defined in the scientific literature. This fact demonstrates the need to investigate its influence on existing immunological markers by classifying and quantifying their acute and chronic effects. Objective: To investigate the effects of acute and chronic aerobic exercise on inflammatory markers of healthy adults. Methods: This study is a systematic review according to PRISMA recommendations. The following databases were searched: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Bireme and Cochrane Library, and article references. The last search was performed in March 2019. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled trials (NRCTs) investigating the acute and chronic effects of aerobic exercise on immune markers in healthy male and female adults aged 20 to 45 years, without restrictions in language or year of publication. Two authors independently analyzed the studies by reading the titles, abstracts, and full texts. Risk of Study bias was analyzed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool. Outcomes: We included 15 studies in this systematic review, 13 of which were acute intervention and 2 were chronic, with 296 participants, 196 men and 100 women all being healthy individuals. It was observed that the acute intervention promotes changes in most immunological markers, while the chronic intervention interferes with a smaller proportion, this being in lymphocyte subpopulations. In the evaluation of quality, it was found that most studies did not present a high risk of bias in the evaluated aspects, but an unclear related risk of bias was observed, requiring a more careful analysis. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that the evidence indicates that acute and chronic interventions may modify most immune markers, but aspects such as gender, contraceptive pill use in women, physical capacity of the investigated individuals, environment, and type and intensity of the exercises may interfere with these markers as well as the data analysis. Therefore, this review suggests that further research is needed to contribute to the confirmation and estimation of results.

Relação entre o desempenho de sprint repetido e salto vertical intermitente de atletas de basquetebol / Relationship between repeated sprints and intermittent vertical jump performance of basketball athletes / Relación entre el resultado de sprints repetidos y salto vertical intermitente de jugadores de baloncesto

Resumo Objetivo: Verificar a relação da capacidade de sprints repetidos e salto vertical intermitente em atletas de basquetebol. Métodos: Foram avaliados 20 atletas adultos do sexo masculino (21,4 + 2,18 anos). Os atletas fizeram um teste de sprints repetidos (6x30metros) e de salto vertical intermitente (4x15 segundos). Resultados: Verificaram-se correlações negativas moderadas a forte entre o desempenho dos sprints com a altura do salto vertical (r= 0,459 a 0,612; p< 0,05), com exceção da fase de aceleração do sprint, que não apresentou correlação significativa com o salto vertical. Forte coeficiente de correlação intraclasse foi observado para o decréscimo de sprint e salto vertical (CCI = 0,814; p < 0,001). Conclusão: O desempenho do salto vertical apresentou maiores coeficientes de correlação com os sprints feitos em distâncias mais longas (> 20 metros), sugeriu que a aceleração no sprint pode ser considerada uma variável física com características específicas em relação à velocidade máxima de sprint e salto vertical.

Abstract Objective: To verify the relationship of repeated sprint ability and intermittent vertical jump in basketball athletes. Methods: Twenty male adult athletes were evaluated (21.4 + 2.18 years). All athletes performed a repeated sprint test (6x30 meters) and intermittent vertical jump (4x15 seconds). Results: There was a moderate to strong negative correlation between sprint performance and vertical jump height (r= 0.459 to 0.612; p< 0.05), with exception of the sprint acceleration phase that did not present significative correlation with the vertical jump. Strength intraclass correlation was observed for sprint decreases and intermittent vertical jump (ICC= 0.814; p<0.001). Conclusion: Vertical jump performance presented higher correlations coefficients with sprints performed in great distances (>20 meters), suggesting that sprint acceleration can be considered a physical variable with specifics characteristics in relation to maximum sprint speed and vertical jump.

Resumen Objetivo: Comprobar la relación entre la capacidad de sprints repetidos y salto vertical intermitente en jugadores de baloncesto. Métodos: Se evaluó a 20 jugadores adultos de sexo masculino (21,4 + 2,18 años). Todos los jugadores realizaron una prueba de sprints repetidos (6 × 30 m) y de salto vertical intermitente (4 × 15 s). Resultados: Se comprobó la existencia de correlaciones negativas de moderadas a fuertes entre el desempeño de los sprints y la altura del salto vertical (r = 0,459-0,612; p <0,05), con excepción de la fase de aceleración del sprint, que no presentó ninguna correlación considerable con el mismo salto vertical. Se observó un fuerte coeficiente de correlación intraclase en el descenso del sprint y el salto vertical intermitente (CCI = 0,814; p <0,001). Conclusión: El desempeño del salto vertical presentó mayores coeficientes de correlación con los sprints realizados en distancias más largas (>20 m), lo que sugiere que la aceleración en el sprint puede considerarse una variable física con características específicas en relación con la velocidad máxima de sprint y salto vertical.

Relação entre a maturação e a velocidade de membros superiores / Maturity of relationship with the speed of upper limbs

A maturação pode ser definida como um fenômeno biológico qualitativo, relacionando-se com o amadurecimento das funções de diferentes órgãos e sistemas. Esse estágio pode ser classificado em atrasado, normal e avançado. A maturação pode interferir em algumas capacidades, tanto de características físicas como de aspectos cognitivos. O presente estudo tem por objetivo verificar se a idade óssea, quanto indicador de maturação corporal, possui correlação com a velocidade de membros superiores. O estudo foi realizado com 181 crianças com idade entre 8 e 14 anos do sexo feminino e masculino, iniciantes de uma prática esportiva. Para a predição da idade óssea foi utilizada a equação de Cabral (2011) que é realizada através de dados antropométricos conforme padronização da (ISAK). Para medição da velocidade dos membros superiores, foi utilizado o teste de golpeio de placas segundo normas da EUROFIT. O resultado obtido na análise de variância identificou diferenças no desempenho do teste de golpeio de placa para as meninas, no qual as que se encontram no estágio maturacional acelerado apresentaram piores respostas de velocidade quando comparadas com as que se encontram em estágio normal de maturação (F=11,21; p=< 0,001); já para os meninos os estágios maturacionais não demonstraram diferenças para a VMMSS. Através da correlação linear de Pearson obteve-se uma correlação negativa e não significante, onde meninos (r=-0,156; p=0,144) e meninas (r=-0,018; p=0,866). Os resultados mostraram que embora a maturação seja um fator importante para o desenvolvimento de certas habilidades e manutenções das existentes, não há correlação significativa expressa entre os fatores. Porém, o pico de crescimento ocasionado pelo processo de desenvolvimento pode ser um fator interferente na capacidade. Portanto, a conclusão extraída do estudo revela que não houve correlação significativa entre a idade óssea e a velocidade de membros superiores e que quando se atinge o pico de crescimento, pode haver um pior resultado no teste de golpeio....(AU)

Maturation can be defined as a qualitative biological phenomenon, relating to the maturation of the functions of different organs and systems. This stage can be classified into late, normal and advanced. The maturation may interfere with some capabilities of both physical characteristics and cognitive aspects. This study aims to determine the bone age, the body maturation indicator, has correlated with the speed of the upper limbs. The study was conducted with 181 children aged 8 to 14 years of women and men, beginners a sport. For the prediction of bone age was used Cabral equation (2011) which is held by anthropometric data according to standardized (ISAK) for measuring the speed of the upper limb, has been used to strike the second test plates EUROFIT standards. The result obtained in the analysis of variance identified differences in performance of the plaque strike test for girls, in which they are in accelerated maturation stage showed lower speed responses when compared to those found in normal ripening stage (F = 11.21; p = <0.001); while for boys the maturational stages showed no difference for VMMSS. Through the Pearson linear correlation was obtained a negative and no significant correlation, where boys (r = -0.156; p = 0.144) and girls (r = -0.018; p = 0.866). The results showed that although maturation is a major factor in the development of certain existing skills and maintenance, there is no significant correlation between factors expressed. However, the peak increase caused by the development process can be an influencing factor on capacity. Therefore, the conclusion drawn from this study revealed that there was no significant correlation between age and bone speed of the upper limbs and when growth reaches the peak, there may be a worse outcome in Bang test....(AU)

Aerobic fitness is associated with improved repeated sprints ability of basketball players after six weeks of training during preseason / Aptidão aeróbica é associada com a melhora da capacidade de sprints repetidos de atletas de basquetebol após seis semanas de treinamento durante o período preparatório

Abstract The repeated sprints ability (RSA) is considered an important attribute for basketball, being aerobic fitness pointed out as limiting factor for repetition of sprints. The aim of the study was to verify if the change in VO2PEAK is related to the improvement of RSA after six weeks of training during preseason. Twelve male college basketball players aged 18-24 participated in the study. Players were submitted to body composition evaluation, maximum incremental treadmill test and RSA test (6x30-m) before and after six weeks of training. For the purpose of the study, the calculation of the change percentage delta was used. Paired t-test was used to verify differences after training and Pearson's correlation and simple linear regression were used to verify the relationship between ∆%VO2PEAK and ∆%RSA. There were improvements in RSAPEAK (t (1.11) = 2.7, p = 0.023); RSAMEAN (t (1.11)= 2.8, p= 0.019); RSATOTAL (t (1.11)= 2.6, p= 0.028); RSADEC (t (1.11)= 2.9, p= 0.015); and sprints 4 (t (1.11)= 2.4, p= 0.037); 5 (t (1.11)= 3.14, p= 0.010); and 6 (t (1.11)= 3.65,p= 0.004) and VO2PEAK (t (1.11)= -5.4, p <0.001); ∆%VO2PEAK was related to ∆%RSAMEAN (r= -0.667; r2= 0.383), ∆%RSATOTAL (r= -0.673; r2= 0.393), ∆%Sprint 3 (r= -0.669; r2= 0.387), ∆%Sprint 4 (r= -0.659 ; r2 = 0.371), ∆%Sprint 5 (r= -0.689; r2 = 0.413), ∆%Sprint 6 (r= -0.678; r2 = 0.400). It is possible to conclude that ~ 39% of the improvement in variables associated with the maintenance of repeated sprints (RSAMEAN, RSATOTAL, Sprints 3,4,5 and 6) of basketball players was accompanied by an increase of ~ 7.5% in VO2PEAK.

Resumo A capacidade de sprints repetidos (CSR) é considerada um importante atributo para o basquetebol, sendo a aptidão aeróbica apontada como fator limitante para a repetição dos sprints. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar se a mudança no VO2PICO se relaciona com a melhoria da CSR após seis semanas de treinamento durante o período preparatório. 12 atletas de basquetebol universitário do sexo masculino com idade entre 18-24 anos participaram do estudo. Os atletas foram submetidos a uma avaliação da composição corporal, teste incremental máximo em esteira e teste de CSR (6x30-m) antes e após seis semanas de treinamento. Para efeito do estudo recorreu-se ao cálculo do delta percentual de mudança. Teste t pareado foi utilizado para verificar as diferenças após o treinamento e a correlação de Pearson e regressão linear simples foram utilizadas para verificar a relação entre o ∆%VO2PICO e ∆%CSR. Observou-se melhorias nos índices CSRPICO (t(1,11)= 2,7; p=0,023); CSRMÉDIA (t(1,11)= 2,8; p=0,019); CSRTOTAL (t(1,11)= 2,6; p=0,028); CSRDEC (t(1,11)= 2,9; p=0,015); e sprints 4 (t(1,11)= 2,4; p=0,037); 5 (t(1,11)= 3,14; p=0,010); e 6 (t(1,11)= 3,65; p=0,004) e VO2PICO (t(1,11)= -5,4; p<0,001); O ∆%VO2PICO se relacionou com o ∆%CSRMÉDIA (r=-0,667; r2= 0,383), ∆%CSRTOTAL (r= -0,673; r2= 0,393), ∆%Sprint 3 (r=-0,669; r2=0,387), ∆%Sprint 4 (r=-0,659; r2=0,371), ∆%Sprint 5 (r=-0,689; r2=0,413), ∆%Sprint 6 (r=-0,678; r2=0,400). É possível concluir que ~39% da melhoria das variáveis associadas com a manutenção de sprints repetidos (CSRMÉDIA; CSRTOTAL; sprints 3,4,5 e 6) dos atletas de basquetebol foi compartilhada pelo aumento de ~7,5% no VO2PICO.

Relação da idade óssea e marcadores hormonais com a capacidade física de adolescentes / Relationship between skeletal age, hormonal markers and physical capacity in adolescents

INTRODUCTION: Physical capabilities are an important parameter of the functional development of adolescents, not only by chronological age but also by their maturational state, as individuals with the same chronological age can have different performance to their less mature counterparts. OBJECTIVE: To compare and relate the physical capabilities and hormonal markers according to sex and maturity of adolescents. METHODS: The sample consisted of adolescents of both sexes, aged 10 to 14 years. We evaluated the maturity achieved by a predictive equation of skeletal age, physical capabilities (explosive power of upper and lower limbs, velocity of upper limbs and agility) and hormonal markers (testosterone and oestradiol) via chemiluminescence. RESULTS: Females showed more advanced maturational status, higher weight, body height and oestradiol levels; males performed better in the explosive force of upper and lower limbs, upper limb speed, agility and testosterone levels. In the normal maturational state males showed greater skeletal age, body weight, body height, explosive strength of upper and lower limbs, and testosterone levels; the females in the normal maturational state had higher skeletal age, body weight, body height, explosive upper limb strength and oestradiol levels. In the male correlation analysis, skeletal age was related to the explosive strength of upper and lower limbs and testosterone; while skeletal age in females was related to explosive upper limb strength and oestradiol. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that maturation, testosterone and oestradiol levels play an important role in the physical aspects and performance of motor skills of adolescents, especially in upper limb force which was more related to the maturation obtained by skeletal age of males and females.

INTRODUÇÃO: A capacidade física é um importante parâmetro do desenvolvimento funcional a ser investigado em crianças e adolescentes, não apenas pela idade cronológica e sim pelo seu estado maturacional, já que sujeitos com mesma idade cronológica podem apresentar desempenho diferente ao seu par menos maturado. OBJETIVO: Comparar e relacionar as capacidades físicas e marcadores hormonais de acordo com o sexo e maturação de crianças e adolescentes. MÉTODO: A amostra foi composta por 89 crianças e adolescentes de ambos os sexos de 10 a 13 anos. Foram avaliados a maturação obtida através de uma equação preditora da idade óssea, capacidades físicas (força explosiva de membros superiores e inferiores, velocidade de membros superiores e agilidade) e marcadores hormonais (testosterona e estradiol) através do método de quimioluminescência RESULTADOS: Na comparação entre os sexos as meninas obtiveram estado maturacional mais avançado, maior peso, estatura corporal e níveis de estradiol; já os meninos apresentaram melhor desempenho na força explosiva de membros superior e inferior, velocidade de membro superior, agilidade e níveis de testosterona. Relativo à maturação, os meninos em estado maturacional normal apresentaram maior idade óssea, peso e estatura corporal, força explosiva de membros superior e inferior, e níveis de testosterona; já as meninas no estado maturacional normal obtiveram maior idade óssea, peso, estatura corporal, força explosiva de membro superior e níveis de estradiol. Na análise de correlação dos meninos a idade óssea se relacionou com a força explosiva de membros superior e inferior e testosterona; já a idade óssea das meninas se relacionou com a força explosiva de membro superior e estradiol. CONCLUSÃO: Desta forma, se conclui que maturação e os níveis de testosterona e estradiol exercem um importante papel nos aspectos físicos e no desempenho das habilidades motoras das crianças e dos adolescentes, principalmente na força de membro superior a qual se mostrou mais relacionada com a maturação obtida pela idade óssea de meninos e meninas.

A BNCC em discussão na formação continuada de professores de Educação Física: um relato de experiência ­ Natal/RN / Discussing the BNCC (Common Curricular National Basis) in the continuing education of Physical Education teachers: an experience report ­ Natal/RN / La BNCC en la discusión sobre formación continua de los profesores de Educación Física: un relato de experiencia - Natal/RN

Após o lançamento do Portal da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e a abertura para contribuições, uma proposta de cronograma em nível estadual, foi estabelecida para que o estado do Rio Grande do Norte e seus municípios pudessem se organizar, no intuito de mobilizar seus educadores, estimulando-os a contribuir na construção deste documento. Buscando atender estas demandas, propomos, enquanto grupo de assessoramento pedagógico da equipe de Educação Física da Secretaria Municipal de Educação do Natal, o Fórum de Discussão sobre a BNCC através do programa de Formação Continuada para professores em exercício desta Secretaria. Assim, o Fórum objetivou realizar uma reflexão crítica sobre a BNCC além de trazer o professor como colaborador desta construção democrática. Nesse sentido, articulamos com o corpo docente do Departamento de Educação Física da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte que ocorreu em novembro de 2015 apresentado neste Relato de Experiência.

After the launch of the portal BNCC (Common Curricular National Basis)and the consequent possibility of online public input, a schedule was proposed so each Brazilian state and its respective municipalities could discuss the document among its educators and make timely contributions. In order to do so, we teachers who work with continuing education for Physical Education teachers in the Natal municipal department of education proposed the discussion forum on the Common Curriculum National Basis. Therefore, the forum aimed to carry out a critical reflection on the BNCC and bring the teacher as developer of this democratic construction. The forum was discussed among all these groups: faculty of physical education department of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. This discussion was held on November 2015, and will be presented through this report.

Después del lanzamiento del Portal deBase Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC)y apertura a laaportes, un cronograma propuesto en el ámbito estatal, se ha establecidopara que el estado del Rio Grande do Norte y sus municipios pudieran organizarse con el fin de movilizar sus profesores, alentándolos a que contribuyan a la construcción de este documento. Tratando de satisfacer estas demandas, proponemos, como un equipo de asesoramiento pedagógico del grupo de Educación Física de la Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Natal, el Foro de debate sobre BNCCa través del programa de Educación Continua para los profesores en el ejercicio de dicha Secretaría. Así, el Foro tuvo la intención de llevar a cabo una reflexión crítica sobre él BNCCy trae el profesor como colaborador de esta construcción democrática.En tal sentido, hemos articulado con el profesorado del Departamento de Educación Física de la Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte que tuvo lugar en noviembre del año 2015,.presentados.en.este.Informe.de.Experiencia