Older Adults with Vestibular Disorders and Hip Fractures Have High Rates of Meclizine Use.

OBJECTIVES: To examine the risk factors for hip fracture in patients with vestibular disorders and the association between antihistamine use and hip fracture in patients with vestibular disorders. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series with chart review. SETTING: Tertiary academic medical center. METHODS: A retrospective review of adult patients with hip fracture based on International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) code S72 from January 2013 to December 2019 who had previously been diagnosed with a vestibular disorder based on ICD-10 codes H81-83, A88.1, and R42. RESULTS: A total of 201 patients were identified meeting the inclusion criteria. The average age at the time of hip fracture was 78.8 years and the majority were female (64.7%). Most patients were diagnosed with nonspecific dizziness (60.2%) or vertigo (23.9%). Those with a peripheral vestibular disorder included benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) in 13.4% and Ménière's disease in 2.5%. Overall, meclizine was prescribed to 38.3% of patients, including 29.9% of patients before hip fracture. Meclizine was prescribed to 66.7% of patients with BPPV. Patients were seen for vestibular symptoms 0.67 ± 2.51 years before hip fracture, and 98 patients (48.8%) presented with vestibular concerns within 1 year prior. CONCLUSION: Patients with vestibular disorders who sustain a ground level fall resulting in hip fracture are a vulnerable population of predominantly older adults with multiple comorbidities. Patients were frequently diagnosed with dizziness or vertigo rather than more specific causes being identified. Multifactorial interventions to prevent hip fractures in older adults have been recommended; however, this study suggests that meclizine use was common among patients diagnosed with dizziness, vertigo, or BPPV before hip fracture.

Higher Readmission Rates After Hip Fracture Among Patients With Vestibular Disorders.

OBJECTIVE: Falls in older adults are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Patients with vestibular disorders may have an increased risk. The purpose of this study was to examine the outcomes among patients with underlying vestibular disorders who have hip fractures and identify predictors of increased morbidity and mortality. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care academic medical center. PATIENTS: Two hundred one adults diagnosed with a vestibular disorder and hip fracture due to a ground-level fall were compared to 327 age- and sex-matched controls with fractures due to ground-level falls without vestibular diagnoses. Patients were treated between 2013 and 2019. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Length of hospital stay, 30-day readmission rate, and 30-day mortality rate. RESULTS: Thirty-day readmission rate after hip fracture was significantly increased in patients with vestibular disorders compared to matched controls (p < 0.001), odds ratio 3.12 (95% confidence interval 1.84-5.39). Reasons for readmission in the vestibular patient group included higher rates of repeat falls, infections, and recurrent vestibular symptoms. Use of medication classes associated with falls or hip fractures was not significantly different between groups, except for lower rates of antihypertensive use in the vestibular group (54.0% vs. 67.7%, p = 0.002). No significant difference was found for length of hospital stay (7.34 ±â€Š4.95 vs. 8.14 ±â€Š20.50 days, p = 0.51) or 30-day mortality rate (5.0% vs. 4.6%, p = 0.99). No significant differences were found between groups for age, sex, race, rate of surgical treatment for hip fracture, or disposition at discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with vestibular disorders are at a significantly higher risk of hospital readmission within 30 days after discharge for treatment for hip fracture.