RESUMO
Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae), the main urban vector of dengue, has developed resistance to various insecticides, making its control increasingly difficult. We explored the effects of Argentine Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) fruit and senescent leaf extracts on Ae. aegypti larval development and survival, by rearing cohorts of first instar mosquitoes in water with different extract concentrations. We also analysed oviposition deterrent activity in choice tests with extract-treated ovitraps. The leaf extract showed a strong larvicide activity, with all larvae dying before pupation, and significantly delayed development time. It strongly inhibited oviposition by Ae. aegypti females. The fruit extract showed much weaker effects. This first report of highly effective larvicidal, growth regulating and oviposition deterrent activity of a senescent leaf extract of M. azedarach against Ae. aegypti, suggests that such extract could represent a promising tool in the management of this mosquito pest.
Assuntos
Aedes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Azadirachta/química , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Oviposição/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Aedes/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Argentina , Dengue/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Frutas , Humanos , Resistência a Inseticidas , Folhas de PlantaRESUMO
In laboratory choice and no-choice bioassays, treatment of elm leaves with extracts obtained from unripe fruits and green or senescent leaves of Melia azedarach at 1-10% concentration significantly deterred feeding by adults of the elm leaf beetle, Xanthogaleruca luteola. Also, in no-choice tests, adults fed on leaves treated with 2, 5 or 10% extract showed a dramatic increase in mortality rates. Extracts from the different plant structures were similarly active, and starvation as a consequence of their strong antifeedant activity could play a significant role in the high mortality values observed.
Assuntos
Besouros/fisiologia , Comportamento Alimentar/efeitos dos fármacos , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Melia azedarach , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Besouros/efeitos dos fármacos , Frutas , Inseticidas/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Folhas de PlantaAssuntos
Carcinoma in Situ/patologia , Hamartoma/patologia , Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers/complicações , Pólipos/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Estômago/anormalidades , Adolescente , Biópsia , Carcinoma in Situ/cirurgia , Feminino , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/cirurgia , Gastroscopia , Hamartoma/cirurgia , Humanos , Laparotomia , Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Peutz-Jeghers/cirurgia , Pólipos/cirurgia , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgiaRESUMO
Veinticinco pacientes adultos y quince niños con sospecha clínica de esofagitis por reflujo, fueron evaluados mediante radiología, endoscopía con biopsia y centellografía con cámara gamma computada. En los niños, la radiología demostró ser un método muy sensible no así en los adultos. La fibroendoscopía resultó útil para valorar el daño de la mucosa. El diagnóstico histopatológico de esofagitis fue hecho sobre 88% de los adultos y sobre todos los niños con esofagitis endoscópicamente diagnosticada. La centellografía permitió detección directa y cuantificación de los episodios de reflujo, con una positividad de 100% en adultos, con maniobra de Valsalva y 90% en niños, siendo un método más fisiológico, incruento y que produce menor irradiación que la radiología. Estas razones favorecen los controles postratamiento de los pacientes