Assuntos
Anestésicos Inalatórios/história , Éter/história , História do Século XIX , Humanos , Paris , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Methamphetamine was synthesized in Germany in 1937 and commercially released in 1938. It became a popular stimulant for tired night workers and a recreational drug for young people until mid-1941 when it became a controlled substance. It was abused by the armed forces during World War II when it was distributed by some commanding officers (occasionally over the objections of the units' physicians) to prevent or treat the fatigue of exhausted troops and thus allow them to survive, despite the strict restrictions issued by the Army Inspectorate. There is no evidence for the claim that the use of Pervitin was encouraged by the Nazi government to create a "superman." In fact the Health Leader L. Conti strongly discouraged its use.
Assuntos
Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/história , Metanfetamina/história , Militares/história , Socialismo Nacional/história , II Guerra Mundial , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/uso terapêutico , História do Século XX , Humanos , Metanfetamina/uso terapêutico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/históriaRESUMO
Modern accounts of the introduction of ether anesthesia in France are mainly based on a letter written in February 1947 to the editor of the Boston Medical and Surgical Journal by Francis Willis Fisher, a young Boston surgeon at that time a student in Paris. Fisher's letter hints that his efforts were the main impetus to the acceptance of ether by the French academic surgeons. The authors have reviewed the contemporary medical literature, especially the numerous French journals, relative to that event. Their review suggests that Fisher was largely ignored by the French surgeons and by his young competitors then studying in Paris. He seems to have exaggerated his role in the acceptance of ether anesthesia in France. The reviewed literature also provides some additional details and some corrections to Fisher's account. Modern accounts of the introduction of ether in France have relied heavily on a letter sent in February 1847 to the editor of the Boston Medical & Surgical Journal by Francis W. Fisher, a young Boston physician then studying in Paris. Fisher's report is often vague, occasionally incorrect, and probably exaggerates his role in the acceptance of anesthesia in Paris. This review attempts to complement and correct Fisher's account.
Assuntos
Anestésicos Inalatórios/história , Éter/história , História do Século XIX , Humanos , ParisRESUMO
This review refutes some enduring myths surrounding the discovery of methadone and presents the known accurate facts of its creation and its early development in Germany, the United States and Great Britain from 1939 to the early 1960's.
Assuntos
Analgésicos Opioides/história , Metadona/história , Indústria Farmacêutica/história , História do Século XX , Humanos , Farmacologia/história , Estados Unidos , II Guerra MundialAssuntos
Anestesia/história , Alemanha , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIX , HumanosRESUMO
The German firm E. Merck released in 1928, an injectable mixture of scopolamine, oxycodone, and ephedrine under the name SEE. This drug, renamed Scophedal in 1942 caused deep and prolonged analgesia, sedation, euphoria and amnesia without significant respiratory or circulatory depression. Used extensively by the German and Central European surgeons in the 1930s, Scophedal enjoyed immense popularity with the Wehrmacht's medical officers treating frontline mass casualties during World War II. The use of Scophedal declined after 1945, and its production was discontinued in 1987. Despite the clinical enthusiasm it raised, SEE was never critically investigated. This drug may deserve a rigorous re-evaluation.