Assuntos
Cobalto/efeitos adversos , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade/etiologia , Raios X/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Cobalto/imunologia , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/imunologia , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Fluorescência , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes do Emplastro/métodos , Estudos de AmostragemAssuntos
Cloreto de Alumínio/efeitos adversos , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/etiologia , Vacinas/efeitos adversos , Alérgenos/efeitos adversos , Cloreto de Alumínio/administração & dosagem , Criança , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/diagnóstico , Relação Dose-Resposta Imunológica , Feminino , Humanos , Testes do Emplastro , Vacinas/administração & dosagemRESUMO
AIM: The objective of this study was to identify possible pre- and postnatal factors influencing neurodevelopment of the young child. METHODS: We used data from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood 2010 (COPSAC2010 ) mother-child cohort, but excluded those with a neurological diagnosis, born <37 weeks of gestation and birthweights <2500 g, resulting in 650 children analysed. Neurodevelopment was assessed as age of achievement of early milestones, language scores at 1 and 2 years and cognitive score at 2 ½ years of age. RESULTS: Neurodevelopmental scores were not associated with breastfeeding, persistent wheeze, eczema and number of sick days (p > 0.05 in all tests). Early age at milestone achievement was associated with male sex (p = 0.05), lower maternal age (p = 0.02), higher gestational age (p < 0.001) and paternity leave (p = 0.01). A higher 1-year language score was associated with female sex (p = 0.02) and maternal smoking during pregnancy (p = 0.01) and a higher 2-year language score with female sex (p < 0.001) and being first born (p = 0.01). A higher cognitive score was associated with female sex (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Neurodevelopmental scores were unrelated to breastfeeding, persistent wheeze, eczema and number of sick days. Neurodevelopment in early childhood was mostly associated with gender.
Assuntos
Asma/psicologia , Aleitamento Materno , Cognição , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Adulto , Ordem de Nascimento , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Idade Materna , Licença Parental , Gravidez , Caracteres Sexuais , FumarAssuntos
Antiasmáticos/administração & dosagem , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Beclometasona/administração & dosagem , Etanolaminas/administração & dosagem , Administração por Inalação , Adolescente , Antiasmáticos/efeitos adversos , Antiasmáticos/farmacocinética , Antiasmáticos/uso terapêutico , Asma/sangue , Beclometasona/efeitos adversos , Beclometasona/farmacocinética , Beclometasona/uso terapêutico , Disponibilidade Biológica , Estudos Cross-Over , Combinação de Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Inaladores de Pó Seco , Etanolaminas/efeitos adversos , Etanolaminas/farmacocinética , Etanolaminas/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Fumarato de Formoterol , Humanos , Masculino , Cooperação do PacienteRESUMO
AIM: The fixed combination of beclomethasone (BDP) and formoterol pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) (Foster®, Chiesi Farmaceutici) is being developed in the lower strength (BDP/formoterol: 50/6 µg) to provide an appropriate dosage for children with asthma. The aim of this work was to investigate the systemic bioavailability of beclomethasone-17-monoproprionate (B17MP, the active metabolite of BDP) and formoterol after single inhalation of Foster® pMDI 50/6 µg vs. the free combination of BDP and formoterol pMDIs in asthmatic children. METHODS: Children aged 5-11 years old inhaled BDP 200 µg and formoterol 24 µg as fixed vs. free combination in an open label, randomized, two way crossover single dose study. Blood was collected pre-dose up to 8 h post-dose for pharmacokinetic evaluation (AUC(0,t), AUC(0,∞), AUC(0,0.5 h, Cmax , tmax , t1/2 ). Pharmacodynamics included heart rate, plasma potassium, urinary glucose and cortisol excretion. Peak expiratory flow and adverse events were monitored. RESULTS: Twenty subjects were evaluable. The systemic exposure of B17MP and formoterol administered as fixed combination did not exceed the free combination: B17MP AUC(0,t) (pg ml(-1) h) ratio test : reference (90% CI), 0.81 (0.697, 0.948) and formoterol AUC(0,t) (pg ml(-1) h) ratio test : reference 0.97 (0.85, 1.10). All pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic end points showed non-superiority in favour of the test drug. One adverse event (vertigo) occurred but was not considered treatment-related. CONCLUSION: BDP and formoterol pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects are non-superior after administration of the two actives as fixed vs. the free combination in 5-11-year-old asthmatic children.