Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of naphthyl amide derivatives as reversible monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors.

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a key enzyme responsible for the metabolism of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and has attracted great interest due to its involvement in various physiological and pathological processes, such as cancer progression. In the past, a number of covalent irreversible inhibitors have been reported for MAGL, however, experimental evidence highlighted some drawbacks associated with the use of these irreversible agents. Therefore, efforts were mainly focused on the development of reversible MAGL inhibitor in recent years. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of naphthyl amide derivatives (12-39) as another type of reversible MAGL inhibitors, exemplified by ± 34, which displayed good MAGL inhibition with a pIC50 of 7.1, and the potency and selectivity against endogenous MAGL were further demonstrated by competitive ABPP. Moreover, the compound showed appreciable antiproliferative activities against several cancer cells, including H460, HT29, CT-26, Huh7 and HCCLM-3. The investigations culminated in the discovery of the naphthyl amide derivative ± 34, and it may represent as a new scaffold for MAGL inhibitor development, particularly for the reversible ones.

CircUBA2 promotes the cancer stem cell-like properties of gastric cancer through upregulating STC1 via sponging miR-144-5p.

BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are critical factors that limit the effectiveness of gastric cancer (GC) therapy. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are confirmed as important regulators of many cancers. However, their role in regulating CSC-like properties of GC remains largely unknown. Our study aimed to investigate the role of circUBA2 in CSC maintenance and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: We identified circUBA2 as an upregulated gene using circRNA microarray analysis. qRT-PCR was used to examine the circUBA2 levels in normal and GC tissues. In vitro and in vivo functional assays were performed to validate the role of circUBA2 in proliferation, migration, metastasis and CSC-like properties of GC cell. The relationship between circUBA2, miR-144-5p and STC1 was characterised using bioinformatics analysis, a dual fluorescence reporter system, FISH, and RIP assays. RESULTS: CircUBA2 expression was significantly increased in GC tissues, and patients with GC with high circUBA2 expression had a poor prognosis. CircUBA2 enhances CSC-like properties of GC, thereby promoting cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. Mechanistically, circUBA2 promoted GC malignancy and CSC-like properties by acting as a sponge for miR-144-5p to upregulate STC1 expression and further activate the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. More importantly, the ability of circUBA2 to enhance CSC-like properties was inhibited by tocilizumab, a humanised Interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antibody. Thus, circUBA2 knockdown and tocilizumab synergistically inhibited CSC-like properties. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated the critical role of circUBA2 in regulating CSC-like properties in GC. CircUBA2 may be a promising prognostic biomarker for GC.

Genome-scale identification, expression and evolution analysis of B-box members in Dendrobium huoshanense.

B-box (BBX) proteins have been recognized as vital determinants in plant development, morphogenesis, and adaptive responses to a myriad of environmental stresses. These zinc-finger proteins play a pivotal role in various biological processes. Their influence spans photomorphogenesis, the regulation of flowering, and imparting resilience to a wide array of challenges, encompassing both biotic and abiotic factors. Chromosome localization, gene structure and conserved motifs, phylogenetic analysis, collinearity analysis, expression profiling, fluorescence quantitative analysis, and tobacco transient transformation methods were used for functional localization and expression pattern analysis of the DhBBX gene. A total of 23 DhBBX members were identified from Dendrobium huoshanense. Subsequent phylogenetic evaluations effectively segregated these genes into five discrete evolutionary subsets. The predictions of subcellular localizations revealed that all these proteins were localized in the nucleus. The genetic composition and patterns showed that the majority of these genes consisted of several exons, with a few variations that could be attributed to transposon insertion. A comprehensive analysis using qRT-PCR was conducted to unravel the expression patterns of these genes in D. huoshanense, with a specific concentration on their responses to various hormone treatments and cold stress. Subcellular localization reveals that DhBBX21 and DhBBX9 are located in the nucleus. Our results provide a deep comprehension of the complex regulatory mechanisms of BBXs in response to various environmental and hormonal stimuli. These discoveries encourage further detailed and focused investigations into the operational dynamics of the BBX gene family in a wider range of plant species.

Theoretical Study of Dissolved Gas Molecules in Transformer Oil Adsorbed on Intrinsic and TM (Ta, V)-Doped MoTe2 Monolayer.

In this paper, CH4, C2H2, H2, and CO adsorbed on intrinsic MoTe2 monolayer and transition metal atom (Ta, V)-doped MoTe2 monolayer have been investigated with density functional theory based on first-principles study. The adsorption energy, geometries, band structures, and density of states of four gases (CH4, C2H2, H2, and CO) adsorbed on the MoTe2 and doped MoTe2 surfaces were analyzed. The results shown that the gas adsorption performance of transition metal atom (Ta, V)-doped MoTe2 monolayers is more superior than that of intrinsic MoTe2, and the adsorption energy and charge transfer of the adsorbed gases on the TM-MoTe2 monolayer are significantly increased in comparison with both sides. Among them, Ta-MoTe2 has the largest Eads value in the adsorbed CO system with a very small adsorption distance, as well as a more suitable recovery time of CO at room temperature, so Ta-MoTe2 can be a candidate material for CO detection. New atoms were introduced during the doping process, which increased the carrier density and carrier mobility of the material, thus improving the charge transfer at the surface of the material. which provides a direction for the gas-sensitive properties of metal Ta-modified MoTe2 materials.

Cooperative Motion Optimization Based on Risk Degree under Automatic Driving Environment.

Appropriate traffic cooperation at intersections plays a crucial part in modern intelligent transportation systems. To enhance traffic efficiency at intersections, this paper establishes a cooperative motion optimization strategy that adjusts the trajectories of autonomous vehicles (AVs) based on risk degree. Initially, AVs are presumed to select any exit lanes, thereby optimizing spatial resources. Trajectories are generated for each possible lane. Subsequently, a motion optimization algorithm predicated on risk degree is introduced, which takes into account the trajectories and motion states of AVs. The risk degree serves to prevent collisions between conflicting AVs. A cooperative motion optimization strategy is then formulated, incorporating car-following behavior, traffic signals, and conflict resolution as constraints. Specifically, the movement of all vehicles at the intersection is modified to achieve safer and more efficient traffic flow. The strategy is validated through a simulation using SUMO. The results indicate a 20.51% and 11.59% improvement in traffic efficiency in two typical scenarios when compared to a First-Come-First-Serve approach. Moreover, numerical experiments reveal significant enhancements in the stability of optimized AV acceleration.

Housefly gut microbiomes as a reservoir and facilitator for the spread of antibiotic resistance.

Arthropods, such as houseflies, play a significant role on the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR); however, their impact has often been overlooked in comparison to other AMR vectors. Understanding the contribution of arthropods to the spread of AMR is critical for implementing robust policies to mitigate the spread of AMR across "One Health" sectors. Herein, we investigated the in-situ transfer of a gfp-labelled AMR plasmid (IncA/C carrying a mcr-8 gene, pA/C_MCR-8) in the gut microbiota of housefly (Musca domestica) by applying single-cell sorting, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and whole genome sequencing. Our findings demonstrate that the pA/C_MCR-8 positive E. coli donor strain is capable of colonizing the gut microbiome of houseflies and persists in the housefly intestine for five days, however, no transfer was detectable above the detection threshold of 10-5 per cell. The conjugative plasmid, pA/C_MCR-8 demonstrated a high transfer frequency ranging from 4.1 × 10-3 to 5.0 × 10-3 per cell in vitro, and exhibited transfer across various bacterial phyla, primarily encompassing Pseudomonadota and Bacillota. Phylogenic analysis has revealed that Providencia stuartii, a human opportunistic pathogen, was a notable recipient of pA/C_MCR-8. The conjugation assays further revealed that newly formed P. stuartii transconjugants readily transfer pA/C_MCR-8 to other clinically relevant pathogens (e.g. Klebsiella pneumoniae). Our findings indicate the potential transfer of AMR plasmids from houseflies to human opportunistic pathogens and further advocates the adoption of a One Health approach in developing infection control policies that address AMR across clinical settings.

Extraordinary phase transition revealed in a van der Waals antiferromagnet.

While the surface-bulk correspondence has been ubiquitously shown in topological phases, the relationship between surface and bulk in Landau-like phases is much less explored. Theoretical investigations since 1970s for semi-infinite systems have predicted the possibility of the surface order emerging at a higher temperature than the bulk, clearly illustrating a counterintuitive situation and greatly enriching phase transitions. But experimental realizations of this prediction remain missing. Here, we demonstrate the higher-temperature surface and lower-temperature bulk phase transitions in CrSBr, a van der Waals (vdW) layered antiferromagnet. We leverage the surface sensitivity of electric dipole second harmonic generation (SHG) to resolve surface magnetism, the bulk nature of electric quadrupole SHG to probe bulk spin correlations, and their interference to capture the two magnetic domain states. Our density functional theory calculations show the suppression of ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic competition at the surface is responsible for this enhanced surface magnetism. Our results not only show counterintuitive, richer phase transitions in vdW magnets, but also provide viable ways to enhance magnetism in their 2D form.

Susceptibility to e-cigarette among high school students: a study based on the ecological model of health behavior.

Introduction: Youth e-cigarette (EC) use has rapidly increased in the last few years. It is crucial to identify the susceptible youth and prevent them from EC uptake. This study was conducted to investigate factors that affect youth susceptibility to EC use. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional survey design, utilizing multi-center stratified cluster sampling method to select two junior high schools and two senior high schools in Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chengdu. One-third of classes of each grade in the selected schools were involved in this survey. After obtaining the informed consent of parents, an anonymous and self-administered questionnaire was distributed to students. Questionnaire was designed based on the Ecological Models of Health Behavior. Associations between EC susceptibility and covariates were identified using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among 2,270 students who had never vaped, 38.0% were susceptible to ECs. Logistic regression analysis identified factors on different levels affecting the susceptibility. Individual factors included senior high school students (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.08-1.65), sensation seeker (OR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.08-1.14), poor academic performance (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.01-1.54), ever cigarette user (OR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.29-4.01), unaware of the second-hand smoke from vaping (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.25-1.96), agreeable with "I do not want to hang around vapers" (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.97), agreeable with "ECs are more fashionable than cigarette" (OR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.72-3.62) and favorable attitudes toward vaping (OR = 5.09, 95% CI: 3.78-6.85) were significantly associated with susceptibility to ECs. At interpersonal level, students who believe they would not be punished by parents for vaping increased susceptibility (OR = 1.27, 95% CI:1.01-1.59). At community level, exposure of EC advertising (OR = 1.81, 95% CI:1.46-2.25), exposure to hazard information (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.97) and seeing vaping in daily life (OR = 2.11, 95% CI: 1.62-2.74), were statistically significantly associated with youth susceptibility to ECs. Conclusion: EC susceptibility was observed in a substantial proportion of adolescents who had never vaped, influenced by factors on different levels. This research underscores the urgent need for comprehensive intervention strategies to prevent the youth susceptibility to ECs.

Binder-Responsive DNA Strand Displacement Enables High-Throughput and High-Fidelity Discovering of Small Molecular DNA Binders.

High-throughput screening (HTS) is pivotal in the discovery of small molecules that bind to DNA, yet there are limited sensing mechanisms available for designing HTS assays for DNA binders. Herein, we introduce a binder-responsive toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement (BR-TMSD) technique featuring programmable reaction kinetics in response to DNA-binder interactions. When two DNA binders are used, BR-TMSD is initiated through a rapid binder displacement, followed by the DNA strand displacement. The orthogonal displacement reactions of BR-TMSD enables a high-fidelity, dual-channel HTS assay, returning 19 new DNA binders from a library of 1,170 compounds.

Integrating high-throughput phenotyping and genome-wide association studies for enhanced drought resistance and yield prediction in wheat.

Drought, especially terminal drought, severely limits wheat growth and yield. Understanding the complex mechanisms behind the drought response in wheat is essential for developing drought-resistant varieties. This study aimed to dissect the genetic architecture and high-yielding wheat ideotypes under terminal drought. An automated high-throughput phenotyping platform was used to examine 28 392 image-based digital traits (i-traits) under different drought conditions during the flowering stage of a natural wheat population. Of the i-traits examined, 17 073 were identified as drought-related. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 5320 drought-related significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 27 SNP clusters. A notable hotspot region controlling wheat drought tolerance was discovered, in which TaPP2C6 was shown to be an important negative regulator of the drought response. The tapp2c6 knockout lines exhibited enhanced drought resistance without a yield penalty. A haplotype analysis revealed a favored allele of TaPP2C6 that was significantly correlated with drought resistance, affirming its potential value in wheat breeding programs. We developed an advanced prediction model for wheat yield and drought resistance using 24 i-traits analyzed by machine learning. In summary, this study provides comprehensive insights into the high-yielding ideotype and an approach for the rapid breeding of drought-resistant wheat.

Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Aryl Sulfoxides as Reversible Monoacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors.

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the key enzyme for the hydrolysis of endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). The central role of MAGL in the metabolism of 2-AG makes it an attractive therapeutic target for a variety of disorders, including inflammation-induced tissue injury, pain, multiple sclerosis, and cancer. Previously, we reported LEI-515, an aryl sulfoxide, as a peripherally restricted, covalent reversible MAGL inhibitor that reduced neuropathic pain and inflammation in preclinical models. Here, we describe the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of aryl sulfoxides as MAGL inhibitors that led to the identification of LEI-515. Optimization of the potency of high-throughput screening (HTS) hit 1 yielded compound ±43. However, ±43 was not metabolically stable due to its ester moiety. Replacing the ester group with α-CF2 ketone led to the identification of compound ±73 (LEI-515) as a metabolically stable MAGL inhibitor with subnanomolar potency. LEI-515 is a promising compound to harness the therapeutic potential of MAGL inhibition.

Dynamical Symmetry-Reduction-Induced Giant Anharmonicity in IV-VI Compounds: Role of Cation Lone-Pair s Electrons.

The low thermal conductivity of group IV-VI semiconductors is often attributed to the soft phonons and giant anharmonicity observed in these materials. However, there is still no broad consensus on the fundamental origin of this giant anharmonic effect. Utilizing first-principles calculations and group symmetry analysis, we find that the cation lone-pairs s electrons in IV-VI materials cause a significant coupling between occupied cation s orbitals and unoccupied cation p orbitals due to the symmetry reduction when atoms vibrate away from their equilibrium positions under heating. This leads to an electronic energy gain, consequently flattening the potential energy surface and causing soft phonons and strong anharmonic effects. Our findings provide an intrinsic understanding of the low thermal conductivity in IV-VI compounds by connecting the anharmonicity with the dynamical electronic structures, and can also be extended to a large family of hybrid systems with lone-pair electrons, for promising thermoelectric applications and predictive designs.

Autotetraploidy of rice does not potentiate the tolerance to drought stress in the seedling stage.

Polyploid is considered an advantage that has evolved to be more environmentally adaptable than its diploid. To understand if doubled chromosome of diploid rice can improve drought tolerance, we evaluated the diploid (2X) and autotetraploid (4X) plants of three indica and three japonica varieties. Drought stress in the plastic bucket of four-leaf stage revealed that the drought tolerance of 4X plants was lower than that of its diploid donor plants. The assay of photosynthetic rate of all varieties showed that all 4X varieties had lower rates than their diploid donors. The capacity for reactive oxygen species production and scavenging varied among different 2X and 4X varieties. Further, transcriptomic analysis of 2X and 4X plants of four varieties under normal and drought condition showed that the wide variation of gene expression was caused by difference of varieties, not by chromosome ploidy. However, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that the severe interference of photosynthesis-related genes in tetraploid plants under drought stress is the primary reason for the decrease of drought tolerance in autotetraploid lines. Consistently, new transcripts analysis in autotetraploid revealed that the gene transcription related with mitochondrion and plastid of cell component was influenced most significantly. The results indicated that chromosome doubling of diploid rice weakened their drought tolerance, primarily due to disorder of photosynthesis-related genes in tetraploid plants under drought stress. Maintain tetraploid drought tolerance through chromosome doubling breeding in rice needs to start with the selection of parental varieties and more efforts.

Prostate cancer with elevated free prostate-specific antigen density: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men worldwide, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is often used in clinical practice to screen for prostate cancer. Normal total PSA (tPSA) level initially excludes prostate cancer. Here, we report a case of prostate cancer with elevated free PSA density (fPSAD). CASE SUMMARY: A patient diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia underwent prostatectomy, and the postoperative pathological results showed acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The patient is currently undergoing endocrine chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: We provide a clinical reference for diagnosis and treatment of patients with normal tPSA but elevated fPSAD.

Blocking Oncostatin M receptor abrogates STAT3 mediated integrin signaling and overcomes chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.

Chemotherapy such as cisplatin is widely used to treat ovarian cancer either before or after surgical debulking. However, cancer relapse due to chemotherapy resistance is a major challenge in the treatment of ovarian cancer. The underlying mechanisms related to chemotherapy resistance remain largely unclear. Therefore, identification of effective therapeutic strategies is urgently needed to overcome therapy resistance. Transcriptome-based analysis, in vitro studies and functional assays identified that cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells express high levels of OSMR compared to cisplatin sensitive cells. Furthermore, OSMR expression associated with a module of integrin family genes and predominantly linked with integrin αV (ITGAV) and integrin ß3 (ITGB3) for cisplatin resistance. Using ectopic expression and knockdown approaches, we proved that OSMR directly regulates ITGAV and ITGB3 gene expression through STAT3 activation. Notably, targeting OSMR using anti-OSMR human antibody inhibited the growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells and sensitized cisplatin treatment. Taken together, our results underscore the pivotal role of OSMR as a requirement for cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer. Notably, OSMR fostered the expression of a distinct set of integrin genes, which in turn resulted into a crosstalk between OSMR and integrins for signaling activation that is critical for cisplatin resistance. Therefore, targeting OSMR emerges as a promising and viable strategy to reverse cisplatin-resistance in ovarian cancer.

Nano-enzyme hydrogels for cartilage repair effectiveness based on ternary strategy therapy.

Designing artificial nano-enzymes for scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in chondrocytes (CHOs) is considered the most feasible pathway for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the accumulation of ROS due to the amount of nano-enzymatic catalytic site exposure and insufficient oxygen supply seriously threatens the clinical application of this therapy. Although metal-organic framework (MOF) immobilization of artificial nano-enzymes to enhance active site exposure has been extensively studied, artificial nano-enzymes/MOFs for ROS scavenging in OA treatment are still lacking. In this study, a biocompatible lubricating hydrogel-loaded iron-doped zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (Fe/ZIF-8/Gel) centrase was engineered to scavenge endogenous overexpressed ROS synergistically generating dissolved oxygen and enhancing sustained lubrication for CHOs as a ternary artificial nano-enzyme. This property enabled the nano-enzymatic hydrogels to mitigate OA hypoxia and inhibit oxidative stress damage successfully. Ternary strategy-based therapies show excellent cartilage repair in vivo. The experimental results suggest that nano-enzyme-enhanced lubricating hydrogels are a potentially effective OA treatment and a novel strategy.

Prognostication of colorectal cancer liver metastasis by CE-based radiomics and machine learning.

The liver is the most common organ for the formation of colorectal cancer metastasis. Non-invasive prognostication of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) may better inform clinicians for decision-making. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography images of 180 CRLM cases were included in the final analyses. Radiomics features, including shape, first-order, wavelet, and texture, were extracted with Pyradiomics, followed by feature engineering by penalized Cox regression. Radiomics signatures were constructed for disease-free survival (DFS) by both elastic net (EN) and random survival forest (RSF) algorithms. The prognostic potential of the radiomics signatures was demonstrated by Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression. 11 radiomics features were selected for prognostic modelling for the EN algorithm, with 835 features for the RSF algorithm. Survival heatmap indicates a negative correlation between EN or RSF risk scores and DFS. Radiomics signature by EN algorithm successfully separates DFS of high-risk and low-risk cases in the training dataset (log-rank test: p < 0.01, hazard ratio: 1.45 (1.07-1.96), p < 0.01) and test dataset (hazard ratio: 1.89 (1.17-3.04), p < 0.05). RSF algorithm shows a better prognostic implication potential for DFS in the training dataset (log-rank test: p < 0.001, hazard ratio: 2.54 (1.80-3.61), p < 0.0001) and test dataset (log-rank test: p < 0.05, hazard ratio: 1.84 (1.15-2.96), p < 0.05). Radiomics features have the potential for the prediction of DFS in CRLM cases.

Remote Health Management via WeChat to Improve the Quality of Life of Patients After PCI.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this research was to assess the effect of telehealth management via WeChat on improving the quality of life of patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: In this study, we retrospectively collected the clinical data of 118 patients who underwent PCI and received remote health management from our hospital via WeChat from June 2021 to September 2021 (WeChat group). The clinical data of 114 patients who underwent PCI but did not receive remote health management from our hospital from September 2020 to December 2020 were also collected (conventional group). Anxiety, depression, and quality of life scale scores were compared between the 2 groups at 6 months postdischarge. RESULTS: Six months postdischarge, patients in the WeChat group had significantly lower Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) (55.7 ± 7.2 vs 58.8 ± 6.4, P = .001) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) (56.0 ± 5.9 vs 58.2 ± 6.2, P = .007) scores than did those in the conventional group. Compared to those in the conventional group, the patients in the WeChat group had significantly greater 6 months post-discharge The World Health Organization Quality of Life - BREF scores in the following domains: physical (14.3 ± 1.7 vs 13.1 ± 1.7, P < .001 psychological (15.2 ± 1.3 vs 13.5 ± 1.5, P < .001 social relationship (12.9 ± 1.7 vs 12.3 ± 1.8, P = .01) and environmental (12.7 ± 2.0 vs 12.0 ± 1.9, P = .006). CONCLUSION: The use of WeChat to carry out remote health management for patients who underwent PCI can be an effective way to provide high-quality hospital medical services to patients' families and can effectively alleviate patients' anxiety and depression and enhance their quality of life.

Prevalence and plasma exosome-derive microRNA diagnostic biomarker screening of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis in Yunnan Province, China.

Background: Idiopathic scoliosis significantly affects the physical and mental health of children and adolescents, with varying prevalence rates in different regions. The occurrence of idiopathic scoliosis is associated with genetic regulation and biochemical factors, but the changes in exosome-derived miRNA profiles among idiopathic scoliosis patients remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis in Yunnan Province, China, and identify key exosome-derived miRNAs in idiopathic scoliosis through a cohort study. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2020, a cross-sectional study on idiopathic scoliosis in children and adolescents was conducted in Yunnan Province. A total of 84,460 students from 13 cities and counties in Yunnan Province participated in a scoliosis screening program, with ages ranging from 7 to 19 years. After confirmation through screening and imaging results, patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis and normal control individuals were selected using propensity matching. Subsequently, plasma exosome-derived miRNA sequencing and RT-qPCR validation were performed separately. Based on the validation results, diagnostic performance analysis and target gene prediction were conducted for differential plasma exosome-derived miRNAs. Results: The overall prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis in children and adolescents in Yunnan Province was 1.10%, with a prevalence of 0.87% in males and 1.32% in females. The peak prevalence was observed at age 13. Among patients diagnosed with idiopathic scoliosis, approximately 12.8% had severe cases, and there were more cases of double curvature than of single curvature, with thoracolumbar curvature being the most common in the single-curvature group. Sequencing of plasma exosome-derived miRNAs associated with idiopathic scoliosis revealed 56 upregulated and 153 downregulated miRNAs. Further validation analysis confirmed that hsa-miR-27a-5p, hsa-miR-539-5p, and hsa-miR-1246 have potential diagnostic value. Conclusions: We gained insights into the epidemiological characteristics of idiopathic scoliosis in Yunnan Province and conducted further analysis of plasma exosome-derived miRNA changes in patients with severe idiopathic scoliosis. This study has provided new insights for the prevention and diagnosis of idiopathic scoliosis, paving the way for exploring clinical biomarkers and molecular regulatory mechanisms. However, further validation and elucidation of the detailed biological mechanisms underlying these findings will be required in the future.