Risk Factors and Outcome Variables of Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 1 in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients.

PURPOSE: This study's goal was to explore risk factors affecting short-term prognosis of cardiorenal syndrome type 1 (CRS1) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. METHODS: In this retrospective analysis of CRS1 in AMI patients hospitalized from January 2011 to December 2014, the patients were classified into deceased or survivor groups. Clinical data, including demographics, laboratory results, and 28-day outcomes, were collected. RESULTS: The incidence rate of CRS1 in AMI patients was 15.2% (274 in 1801). Ultimately, 88 patients were enrolled and 25 (28.4%) were classified into the deceased group, while 63 were classified into the survivor group. There were statistically significant differences between the groups for hypertension, mechanical ventilation, KIDGO stage, NT-proBNP, Hb, ALB, PCI, decreased LVEF, 7th-day SCr value, and the highest SCr value recorded within 7 days (all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the following factors were significantly related to whether a patient died: requiring mechanical ventilation, increased NT-proBNP levels and 7th-day SCr values, and decreased LVEFs. The APACHE II, SOFA, and SASP II scores on the 7th day were significantly higher in the deceased group (all P < 0.05). The accuracy of APACHE II, SOFA, and SASP II scores on the 7th day for predicting death were 84.1%, 78.4% and 79.5%, respectively. The AUC of 7th-day APACHE II, SOFA, and SASP II scores was 0.844, 0.803, and 0.827, respectively, with no statistically significant differences between the three scores (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The mortality rate of CRS1 in AMI patients was 28.4% (25 in 88) within 28 days. Mechanical ventilation, increased NT-proBNP levels, the 7th-day SCr value, and decreased LVEF were related to death in AMI patients with CRS1. APACHE II, SOFA, and SAPS II scores on the 7th day were satisfactorily accurate in predicting death within 28 days.

Effect of pad-fan cooling and dietary organic acid supplementation during late gestation and lactation on reproductive performance and antioxidant status of multiparous sows in hot weather.

A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement (rearing room with or without pad-fan cooling × diet with or without 2.5 kg/t organic acid) was used to evaluate the effect of pad-fan cooling and dietary organic acid supplementation during perinatal period on reproductive performance and antioxidant status of sows in hot weather. This study was conducted in a subtropical city in Guangdong Province in South China between August and October, 2015. At day 85 of gestation, a total of 112 sows were randomly assigned to the four treatments with 28 sows per treatment, and maintained until day 21 of lactation, and the feeding trial lasted for 51 days. During the experimental period, room temperature and humidity were recorded hourly. The lactation feed intake of sows (P = 0.109) and stillbirths (P < 0.05) increased when the sows were reared in the room with the pad-fan cooling against the room without pad-fan cooling. The number of weak newborns per litter and the malondialdehyde content in days 14 and 21 milk decreased (P < 0.05), while the lactation feed intake of sows, weaned litter weights, and individual pig weights increased when the sows were fed the organic acid (P < 0.05). In conclusion, pad-fan cooling in rearing room improved the lactation feed intake of sows, and dietary organic acid supplementation improved reproductive performance and milk antioxidant status of sows. Pad-fan cooling is recommended in farrowing room, but not in gestating room.

[Application of pulmonary function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide tests in the standardized management of bronchial asthma in children].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of pulmonary function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in the standardized treatment of bronchial asthma in children. METHODS: A total of 254 children who were newly diagnosed with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma were selected as asthma group, and they were divided into two subgroups: asthma with concurrent rhinitis and asthma without concurrent rhinitis. All patients received the standardized management and treatment for one year. The pulmonary function parameters included forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), and mid-expiratory flow at 25%, 50%, and 75% of vital capacity (MEF25, MEF50, and MEF75). The FeNO levels were measured before treatment and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after treatment. Another 62 healthy children were selected as the control group, and the pulmonary function and FeNO levels were measured only once. RESULTS: During one year of standardized treatment, FEV1, PEF, MMEF, MEF25, MEF50, and MEF75 gradually increased, and FeNO levels gradually decreased (P<0.05). Indicators of large airway function, such as FEV1 and PEF, almost returned to normal after 6 months of treatment; indicators of small airway function, such as MMEF, MEF25, MEF50, and MEF75 almost returned to normal after 9 months of treatment; there were no significant differences in the above indices between the asthma group and the control group after one year of treatment (P>0.05). However, the asthma group had a significantly higher FeNO levels than the control group after one year of treatment (P<0.05). The asthmatic patients with concurrent rhinitis had significantly higher FeNO levels than those without concurrent rhinitis before treatment and 3 months after treatment (P<0.05). Before treatment, there was a significant negative correlation between FeNO levels and pulmonary function parameters (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: With the standardized treatment of bronchial asthma in children, pulmonary function parameters gradually increase and FeNO levels gradually decrease. The recovery of large airway function occurs earlier than the recovery of small airway function. Furthermore, the effect of rhinitis on airway responsiveness should be noted.

[Expression of cdx2 gene in pediatric patients with leukemia and its clinical significance].

This study was aimed to investigate the expression of cdx2 gene in pediatric patients with acute leukemia and its clinical implication. The bone marrow and peripheral blood were collected from 33 newly diagnosed pediatric patients with acute leukemia, the cdx2 gene expression in each AL subtypes and normal controls was detected by RT-PCR, the relationship between cdx2 expression and response to treatment was observed. The results showed that the expression of cdx2 was positive in 25 out of 30 AL cases (83.3%), to be exact, in 20 of 21 ALL cases (95.2%) and in 5 of 9 AML cases (55.6%), which showed statistical difference (p < 0.05). The cdx2 mRNA could be detected also in 1 of 3 CML cases. However, no expression of cdx2 was observed in all normal control which revealed significant difference between patient group and normal control group. 21 AL patients with cdx2 positive expression (17 ALL and 4 AML patients) and 4 AL patients with cxd2 negative expression (1 ALL and 3 AML patients) all reached complete remission (CR) after treatment, which showed no correlation with CR rate. 8 patients with positive cdx2 expression were followed up. As a result, the cdx2 positive expression at initial diagnosis of patients remained positive at reaching CR, but it gradually turned to negative along with prolonging of CR, while the cdx2 negative expression at initial diagnosis of patients remained negative at CR in bone marrow level. It is concluded that cdx2 positive expression is observed in the majority of pediatric AL patients, even positive rate in ALL patients is higher than that in AML patients, while the cdx2 expression also can be observed in CML patients. The cdx2 positive expression is not related to the CR rate in AL patients.

[Analysis and follow-up study on 8 children with combined congenital heart disease treated with simultaneous trans-catheter therapy].

OBJECTIVE: Interventional treatment for childhood combined congenital heart disease (CHD) has developed very quickly and more new types of occluders have emerged in recent years. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficiency and safety of interventional treatment for combined CHD in children. METHODS: Eight children with combined CHD (4 boys and 4 girls), aged 6.1+/-2.9 years, underwent simultaneous transcatheter therapy. Of the 8 children with CHD, 1 case had atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), 1 case had ASD, PDA and pulmonary stenosis (PS), 1 case had ASD and PDA, 1 case had patent foramen ovale (PFO) and PS, and 4 cases had ASD and PS. The methods of transcatheter intervention for these patients were as follows: in patients with ASD,VSD and PDA, the occlusion of VSD was performed first, followed by PDA and ASD occlusions; in patients with ASD, PDA and PS, the occlusion of percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (PBPV) was performed first, followed by PDA and ASD occlusions; in patients with PFO and PS, the occlusion of PBPV was performed first, and PFO occlusion followed; in patients with ASD and PS, the occlusion of PBPV was performed first, and ASD occlusion followed. RESULTS: The intervention operation was successfully performed in all of the 8 patients. No serious adverse events occurred during the operation. No residual shunt was found and all the occlusion devices were in the suitable sites shown by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and X-ray right after the operation. In the 6 patients with PS, the systolic pressure across the pulmonary valve decreased from 75.3+/-15.6 mmHg (before operation) to 14.0+/-5.6 mmHg after operation (P<0.05).A 3.4+/-1.2 years follow-up demonstrated that no residual shunt occurred and gradients across valve or coarctation sites were within the limit of satisfactory results. No complications were observed during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter interventional therapy for childhood combined CHD can obtain satisfactory results by proper procedures.