Intraoral Ultrasonography for the Exploration of Periodontal Tissues: A Technological Leap for Oral Diagnosis.

INTRODUCTION: Periodontal disease is an infectious syndrome presenting inflammatory aspects. Radiographic evaluation is an essential complement to clinical assessment but has limitations such as the impossibility of assessing tissue inflammation. It seems essential to consider new exploration methods in clinical practice. Ultrasound of periodontal tissues could make it possible to visualize periodontal structures and detect periodontal diseases (periodontal pocket measurement and the presence of intra-tissue inflammation). Clinical Innovation Report: An ultrasound probe has been specially developed to explore periodontal tissues. The objective of this clinical innovation report is to present this device and expose its potential. DISCUSSION: Various immediate advantages favor using ultrasound: no pain, no bleeding, faster execution time, and an image recording that can be replayed without having to probe the patient again. Ultrasound measurements of pocket depth appear to be as reliable and reproducible as those obtained by manual probing, as do tissue thickness measurements and the detection of intra-tissue inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound seems to have a broad spectrum of indications. Given the major advances offered by ultrasound imaging as a complementary aid to diagnosis, additional studies are necessary to validate these elements and clarify the potential field of application of ultrasound imaging in dentistry.

Fracture Resistance of Direct versus Indirect Restorations on Posterior Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare static compression forces between direct composite resin restorations and indirect restorations for posterior teeth. All studies comparing mechanical properties of direct versus indirect restorations of posterior teeth were included from 2007 up to February 2024. A meta-analysis was conducted for static compression fracture resistance. Medline, Central, and Embase databases were screened. Twenty-four articles were included in the qualitative synthesis, and sixteen studies were finally included in the quantitative synthesis. There was no difference in terms of fracture resistance between direct and indirect restorations for posterior teeth (p = 0.16 for direct and indirect composite resin restorations and p = 0.87 for direct composite resin restorations and indirect ceramic restorations). Also, sub-group analysis with or without cusp coverage in each group revealed no discernable difference. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the choice between direct and indirect restoration approaches may not significantly impact fracture resistance outcomes. There was no statically significant difference between direct and indirect restorations for posterior teeth in all cases of restorations with or without cusp coverage and no matter the used materials. However, to better evaluate these materials, further studies are warranted.

Propositions pour la prévention et la promotion de la santé bucco-dentaire chez les enfants.

At the last congress of the Association Dentaire Française (ADF) (French Dental Association), the minister of health and prevention, François Braun, stressed the importance he attached to oral health prevention. He also emphasized his desire to roll out and extend prevention campaigns, targeting young people in particular. With this in mind, we are working to lay the political foundations for the mass, free distribution of single-use toothbrushes with fluoride toothpaste in schools. This oral health promotion campaign would aim to debunk any myths or misinformation spread by manufacturers and to encourage a profound cultural change in the way children and their parents learn about oral hygiene. The "cavity-score," which is still under development, could help to reinforce the idea, both among the general public and among healthcare professionals, that oral health is not isolated from the rest of the body, and that this health issue cannot be dealt with in isolation, but in conjunction with all healthcare professionals.

The oral care practices and needs of older adults in nursing homes: Assessment of carers and patients / Pratiques et besoins de soins bucco-dentaires en EHPAD : évaluation des soignants et des patients

Good oral health preservation in nursing homes is hampered by the lack of caregivers, who are often inadequately trained, which has an impact on patients' quality of life. The aim was to assess caregivers' practices and the objective and perceived oral care needs of patients in nursing homes. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between September 15 and November 24, 2021, in three nursing homes in Mayenne (France). A self-administered questionnaire was used to identify oral care practices and caregivers' training needs. The care needs and oral health related quality of life of patients were assessed by a single dental surgeon using the OHAT and the GOHAI questionnaire. Assessments were done with 30.8 percent of caregivers, and 40.0 percent and 36.2 percent of patients for OHAT and GOHAI respectively. Oral cavity and prosthesis examinations were systematically carried out by 4.9 percent and 24.4 percent of caregivers respectively. Fifty percent of the nurses had never performed oral care. A need for practical training was expressed by 75.6 percent of the caregivers. The mean GOHAI and OHAT scores were 56.17 ± 5.69 and 6.01 ± 2.42. These scores were significantly correlated (rho=-0.34; p=0.002). Preventive oral care in nursing homes is necessary to maintain residents' quality of life. Efforts must be made to provide training for caregivers and to simplify oral care procedures for patients.

Le maintien d'une bonne santé orale en EHPAD se heurte au manque de soignants, de surcroît souvent insuffisamment formés, ce qui impacte la qualité de vie des patients. L'objectif était d'évaluer les pratiques des soignants et les besoins en soins oraux des patients objectifs et ressentis en EHPAD. Une enquête transversale a été réalisée du 15 septembre au 24 novembre 2021 dans 3 EHPADs de Mayenne. Un auto-questionnaire a été utilisé pour identifier les pratiques de soins et les besoins de formation des soignants. Les besoins de soins et la qualité de vie en lien avec la santé orale des patients ont été évalués par un seul chirurgien-dentiste à partir de la grille OHAT et du questionnaire GOHAI. Les évaluations ont concerné 30,8% des soignants ainsi que 40,0% et 36,2% des patients pour l'OHAT et le GOHAI. Les examens de la cavité orale et des prothèses dentaires étaient systématiquement réalisés par respectivement 4.9% et 24,4% des soignants. Les soins de bouche n'étaient jamais réalisés par 50,0% des infirmiers. Un besoin de formation pratique était exprimé par 75,6% des soignants. Les scores GOHAI et OHAT moyens étaient de 56,17 ± 5,69 et 6,01 ± 2,42. Ces scores étaient significativement corrélés (rho=-0,34 ; p=0.002). Les actions de prévention orale dans les EHPADs sont nécessaires pour maintenir la qualité de vie des résidents. Des efforts doivent être consentis pour la formation des soignants et la simplification du parcours de soins bucco-dentaires des patients.

The Contributions of a Mental Health Research Process Concomitant with the Covid-19 Crisis.

This article takes stock of the research work carried out in Europe over the period 2020-2022 by a multidisciplinary consortium of specialists in psychiatry and mental health that brings together university research laboratories, psychiatric hospitals, universities, and training centers. Our work focuses on the difficulties encountered by care and psycho-social support professionals during the COVID-19 period. These difficulties are individual and organizational to ensure a service of accompaniment and follow-up of psychiatric users. What synthesis can we achieve of our successes, our failures, our limitations, and for which avenues of work for the future? After presenting the methodological protocol, we conduct a self-critical reflection of the achievements in 3 main axes of analysis: 1. Evolution of working conditions in a context of uncertainty, 2. Organizational dimensions and hindered care, 3. Digital technologies. From these results emerges a set of controversies and ethical questions relating to the legitimacy of remote care, confidentiality and protection of personal data, and equity in access to care. It appears that the professional practices deployed during the COVID-19 health crisis question the way in which the organization of care and social support integrate the possibilities offered by digital applications. They are about promoting the autonomy and empowerment of mental health service users and professionals. From this perspective, the extension of this work develops a forward-looking approach included in Community digitization policies for new European projects. It appears necessary to carry out multidisciplinary in-depth work, by 2030 on hospital psychiatry and "outside the walls", the care pathway of the user, social support, digitalization, data management, and the training of professionals in technological changes.

Building an empowerment program to improve the health of patients with severe mental disorders / Exemple de coconstruction d'un programme d'empowerment en faveur de la santé des personnes vivant avec des troubles psychiques

Introduction: Risk factors and cardiovascular diseases are overrepresented in people with severe and persistent mental disorders. A person diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder is two to three times more likely to die of cardiovascular disease than the general population. Purpose of research: An empowerment program has been co-created to reduce these health inequalities. It is one part of the COPsyCAT project. The people-centered approach has been used. The participation of the patients, caregivers, and health professionals was decisive. Results: Stakeholders redefined the objectives of the program. The aim is to improve quality of life, rather than reducing cardiovascular risk. Existing tools -that have been evaluated for their usability - were selected to allow for self-directed patient orientation, so that the constraints between psychiatry and primary care could be circumvented. The program is based on the pooling of existing resources in a territory. The individual power of action and the organization of healthy offers are thus designed to reinforce each other. Conclusions: This article concretely describes the steps through to which the COPsyCAT empowerment program was designed, in co-construction by the researchers of the study, the users and user associations and healthcare professionals at based on their experiential knowledge. The feasibility of the program and the appropriation of tools in real situations will soon be evaluated. The measure of the program's effectiveness on cardiovascular risk will come in second time.

Introduction: Au sein de la population présentant des troubles psychiques sévères et persistants, on observe une surreprésentation des facteurs de risque et des pathologies cardiovasculaires. Une personne chez qui un diagnostic de schizophrénie ou de troubles bipolaires a été porté aurait deux à trois fois plus de risque de mourir d'une maladie cardiovasculaire que la population générale. But de l'étude: Dans le cadre du projet « Collaboration patient-soignant pour une meilleure prise en charge des troubles cardiovasculaires des patients souffrant de troubles psychiques au long cours ¼ (COPsyCAT), un programme d'empowerment a été coconstruit pour réduire ces inégalités de santé. La prise en compte de l'expérience et des besoins des patients, de leurs aidants et des professionnels de santé est au cœur de chacune des étapes méthodologiques suivies pour la création du programme. Résultats: Les parties prenantes ont défini le programme comme devant viser l'amélioration de la qualité de vie et non la réduction du risque cardiovasculaire. Des outils ont été sélectionnés selon leur maniabilité pour permettre l'orientation autogérée des patients, de telle sorte que les contraintes inhérentes aux cloisonnements entre psychiatrie et soins primaires soient contournées. Le programme se base sur la mutualisation des ressources existantes sur un territoire. Pouvoir d'agir individuel et construction de contexte favorable à la santé sont ainsi pensés pour se renforcer mutuellement et agir sur des leviers réformateurs. Conclusions: Cet article décrit concrètement les étapes grâce auxquelles le programme d'empowerment COPsyCAT a été conçu, en coconstruction par les chercheurs de l'étude, les usagers et associations d'usagers et les professionnels de santé à partir de leurs savoirs expérientiels. La faisabilité du programme et l'appropriation des outils en situation réelle va être prochainement évaluée. La mesure de l'efficacité du programme sur le risque cardiovasculaire viendra dans un second temps.

Promoting Oral Health for Patients with Special Needs.

The problem of poor oral health among people with disabilities is common in many low-, middle- and high-income countries [...].

Effectiveness of a Therapeutic Educational Oral Health Program for Persons with Schizophrenia: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial and Qualitative Approach.

BACKGROUND: The oral health of people with schizophrenia (PWS) is very poor, suggesting a need for oral health promotion programmes with a high level of evidence. The aim of the EBENE study (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02512367) was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary therapeutic educational programme in oral health (TEPOH) for PWS. METHODS: A multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial, with outpatient psychiatry centres as the unit of randomisation, was designed to compare the effectiveness of TEPOH (intervention group) versus standard care (control group). The trial was conducted in 26 outpatient psychiatry centres in France (14 in the intervention group, 12 in the control group). Eligible patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were enroled between 2016 and 2020 and followed for 6 months. The TEPOH group received a multicomponent intervention (comprising an introductory session, three educational sessions, and a debriefing session). The primary endpoint was the evaluation of periodontal disease as a community periodontal index (CPI) score ≥ 3 at Month 6. The trial was completed using a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews with caregivers conducted between July 2018 and December 2019. The trial was stopped early due to difficulties in recruiting patients. RESULTS: Overall, 81 patients (of 250 planned) were included, and 54 patients completed the trial: 40 in the TEPOH group and 14 in the control group. At baseline, the percentage of CPI ≥ 3 was 42.5% in the TEPOH group and 9.1% in the control group. At Month 6, the percentage of CPI ≥ 3 was 20% in the TEPOH group and 14.3% in the control group. The qualitative evaluation underlined that the professionals emphasised the "seriousness" and "assiduity" of the patients' participation in this programme and that the TEPOH reinforced carers' investment in oral hygiene. It also highlighted structural factors (lack of resources for professionals, lack of teeth in PWS, COVID-19 pandemic) that may have exacerbated the difficulties with enrolment and follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of this TEPOH, developed for PWS as part of the EBENE study, has not been demonstrated. Certain aspects of the programme's content and implementation need to be reconsidered. In particular, an adapted subjective measurement scale should be developed.

Promouvoir la santé des personnes transgenres et de genre divers au sein des systèmes de santé : une revue systématique de la littérature communautaire.

INTRODUCTION: Transgender and gender diverse people (TGD) represent a large and growing portion of the general population who face individual and systemic barriers in accessing care. The socio-cultural context and lack of organization of care place them in a vulnerable situation and there is a need to develop sustainable health promotion strategies. PURPOSE OF RESEARCH: The aim of this participatory study is to establish an overview of the barriers and opportunities for promoting the health of TGD people. To do so, it relies on the expertise of NGOs and aims to produce a thematic synthesis that will support policy-making. RESULTS: We centralized the resources of 18 French and European organizations and included 25 eligible documents following a quality analysis. 3047 data were extracted and coded, then developed into 5 themes that allowed us to model the actions, barriers and opportunities to improve care for the TGD population. CONCLUSIONS: Health promotion of TGD people focuses on discrimination, care pathways, access to care, transmission of knowledge and research. The main obstacles are the role of medical specialists, pathologization, epistemic injustice and the low political priority of their health issues. The main opportunities will rely on ensuring that decision-making allows for the implementation of a pragmatic and collaborative health policy in this context.

Intraoral Ultrasonography for Periodontal Tissue Exploration: A Review.

This systematic review aims to investigate the possibilities of ultrasound imaging in the field of periodontal tissues exploration to visualize periodontal anatomical structures and to assess reliability in clinical evaluation using the PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search through the MEDLINE database was realized to identify studies that have explored ultrasonography in the field of periodontal imaging published from 2000 to March 2022. The search resulted in 245 records; after exclusions, a total of 15 papers were included in the present review. Various publications have shown the possibility of using intraoral ultrasound for a precise exploration of intraoral tissues and to perform measurements of periodontal structures. Studies argue that ultrasounds open the prospect of a complete paradigm shift on the diagnosis and follow-up of periodontal disease. However, there is currently no clinical device dedicated to periodontal ultrasound. This field is still under-studied, and studies are needed to explore the large field of applications from periodontal assessment to treatment reassessment, including surgery. Researchers should focus their efforts to develop special intraoral ultrasound device and explore the possibilities of clinical periodontal applications.

Understanding Inequalities in the Uptake of Supportive Care to Improve Practices in the Cancer Care Continuum.

(1) Background: While inequalities in the prevalence of cancer, access to care, and survival have been well documented, less research has focused on inequalities in the uptake of supportive oncology care. Given its contribution to improving the quality of life of people affected by cancer, access to such care is a major public health issue. The present study focuses on the access and uptake of those supportive oncology care services. (2) Methods: This study is based on qualitative research methodology, using a thematic analysis tree on NVivo© analysis software. First, an exploratory survey was conducted with users of oncology services, and professionals from these services and supportive oncology care. Then, individual interviews were conducted in June 2022 among people who are currently being treated or have been treated for cancer. (3) Results: The experiences of the 33 respondents revealed that significant variations in the uptake of supportive oncology care are underpinned by identifiable disparities in their healthcare pathways: in their assimilation of information, difficulties in accessing oncology care, personal reluctance and motivations, perceived needs and benefits, and use of other medicines. (4) Conclusion: This study aims to gain some insight into disparities in the uptake of supportive care in the Centre-Val de Loire region (France). Thus, it provides a better understanding of the complex ways in which these inequalities in supportive oncology care uptake are constructed.

Psychiatric and primary care professionals' suggestions for reducing cardiovascular risks for psychiatric patients / Propositions des professionnels pour réduire le risque cardiovasculaire des patients psychiatriques

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases represent one of the major causes of mortality in France and are the main cause of excess mortality in people suffering from long-term mental disorders (LTMD), apart from causes related to suicide. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this article is to identify, from the point of view of primary care and psychiatric professionals, psychiatric users’ expectations and needs in order to help them improve their medical and paramedical management of cardiovascular risk (CVR). METHOD: This is a prospective, multi-centered qualitative study carried out in two phases: An exploratory phase, with individual interviews at the beginning of the study to enable the creation of ad hoc collective interview grids, followed by a proper qualitative study, which is in line with medical anthropology and the sociology of health systems. RESULTS: The 30 psychiatric professionals interviewed agreed on the need for better coordination with out-of-hospital care providers. Even if openness is advocated, there is a reminder of the specificities of psychiatry and the importance of taking these specificities into account in general. The 26 primary care professionals show a desire to learn more about psychiatric disorders, pathologies, and treatments in order to facilitate the management of these patients with specific needs. CONCLUSION: The cross-referencing of these results will allow to propose an appropriate intervention in order to induce convincing effects on the reduction of the CVR in people suffering from LTMD.

Introduction: Les maladies cardio-vasculaires représentent une des causes majeures de mortalité en France. Elles sont la cause principale de surmortalité des personnes souffrant de troubles psychiques au long cours (TPLC) en dehors des causes liées au suicide. But de l'étude: Cet article vise à identifier, selon le point de vue de professionnels de soins primaires et de la psychiatrie, leurs attentes et leurs besoins pour apporter aux usagers de la psychiatrie une meilleur prise en charge médicale et paramédicale du risque cardiovasculaire (RCV). Méthode: Il s'agit d'une étude qualitative prospective et multicentrique réalisée en deux temps : une phase exploratoire, par entretiens individuels en début d'étude afin de permettre la création des grilles d'entretiens collectifs ad hoc, suivie d'une étude qualitative proprement dite, qui s'inscrit dans la lignée de l'anthropologie médicale et de la sociologie des systèmes de santé. Résultats: Les 30 professionnels de la psychiatrie interrogés s'accordent sur la nécessité d'une meilleure coordination avec les soignants en extra hospitalier. Même si une ouverture est prônée, on observe un rappel des spécificités de la psychiatrie et l'importance d'une prise en compte générale de ces spécificités. Les 26 professionnels de soins primaires témoignent d'une volonté de mieux connaître les troubles, pathologies et traitements psychiatriques pour faciliter la prise en charge de ces patients à besoins spécifiques. Conclusion: Le croisement de ces résultats permettra de proposer une intervention appropriée en vue d'induire des effets probants sur la réduction du RCV chez les personnes souffrant de TPLC.

Reducing cardiovascular risk in people living with long-term psychiatric disorders / Réduire le risque cardiovasculaire chez les personnes vivant avec des troubles psychiques

INTRODUCTION: This qualitative study based on focus group study aims to identify experiences, expectations, and representations of people with long-term mental illness and their caregivers regarding cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. The aim of this work is to build a cardiovascular risk reduction program for people affected by long-term mental illness. RESULTS: Four major themes were identified in the corpus: (1) knowledge concerning physical health, (2) barriers to the implementation of better practices, (3) levers towards a healthier life and (4) expectations and needs for a better lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS: This work has provided us with concrete elements for the creation of a cardiovascular risk reduction program for people living with long-term mental illness. The challenges of this program will be to adapt to the needs and expectations of people living with long-term mental illness while facilitating the role of caregivers.

Introduction: Cette étude qualitative, basée sur des Focus Groups, vise à identifier les expériences, attentes et représentations des personnes ayant des troubles psychiques au long cours (TPLC) ainsi que des aidants concernant les maladies cardiovasculaires et leurs facteurs de risque. Le but de ce travail est de construire un programme de réduction du risque cardiovasculaire (CV), destiné aux personnes concernées par ces troubles. Résultats: Quatre thèmes majeurs ont été identifiés dans le corpus : (1) les connaissances et acquis concernant la santé physique, (2) les freins à la mise en place de meilleures pratiques, (3) les leviers vers une vie plus saine et (4) les attentes et besoins pour une meilleure hygiène de vie. Conclusions: Ce travail nous a fourni des éléments concrets pour la création d'un programme de réduction du risque CV pour les personnes vivant avec un TPLC. Les enjeux de ce programme seront de s'adapter aux besoins et aux attentes des personnes vivant avec un TPLC tout en facilitant le rôle des aidants.

The impact of COVID-19 on psychiatric and mental health services in Europe: suffering experienced by professionals.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has not only impacted intensive care units, but all healthcare services generally. This PsyGipo2C project specifically investigates how psychiatry and mental health professionals have been affected by the reorganizations and constraints imposed, which have reshaped their often already difficult working conditions. METHODS: Our research combined quantitative and qualitative methods, surveying and interviewing health professionals of all occupations working in psychiatric and mental health services. A questionnaire was completed by 1241 professionals from 10 European countries, and 13 group interviews were conducted across 5 countries. In addition to this, 31 individual interviews were conducted in Belgium and France. RESULTS: Among the questionnaire respondents, 70.2% felt that their workload had increased, particularly due to their tasks being diversified and due to increased complexity in the provision of care. 48.9% felt that finding a work-life balance had become more difficult, and 59.5% felt their health had been affected by the crisis. The impact of the health crisis nevertheless varied across professions: our data provides insight into how the health measures have had a differential impact on professional tasks and roles across the various categories of occupations, obliging professionals to make various adaptations. The distress incurred has been linked not only to these new constraints in their work, but also to the combination of these with other pressures in their personal lives, which has consequently compromised their well-being and their ability to cope with multiple demands. DISCUSSION: The COVID-19 health crisis has had varying impacts depending on the profession and access to remote work, sometimes leading to conflicts within the teams. The suffering expressed by the professionals was tied to their values and patterns of investment in work. Our research also highlights how these professionals made little use of the psychological supports offered, probably due to a reluctance to acknowledge that their mental health was affected.

Study of the Unidimensionality of the Subjective Measurement Scale of Schizophrenia Coping Oral Health Profile and Index: SCOOHPI.

BACKGROUND: The Schizophrenia Coping Oral Health Profile and Index (SCOOHPI) scale studies the coping strategies of schizophrenic patients with regard to oral health. The structural validity of this scale is studied has been studied using factor analyses. In this article, we study the unidimensionality of the SCOOHPI scale to use it as an index. METHODS: We studied the internal consistency of the items of the SCOOHPI scale. Then, we studied the construct validity. The unidimensionality of the SCOOHPI scale was studied by the partial credit model. RESULTS: The data used in this study come from five hospitals, and the total number of individuals participating in this study is 96, of which 72% are men and 59% are smokers. The SCOOHPI scale has good internal consistency (α = 0.84). The validity of divergence was checked by the absence of correlation between the SCOOHPI scale and the GOHAI (General Oral Health Assessment Index) scale. The unidimensionality of the SCOOHPI scale with data smoothing was demonstrated by the partial credit model. CONCLUSION: In this study, we completed the study of the psychometric validation of the SCOOHPI. The SCOOHPI scale can then contribute to improving evaluation of the coping strategies of schizophrenic patients with regard to oral health.

Trans Expertise and the Revision and Translation of ICD-11: An Analysis of Available French Data from a Trans Perspective.

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals' depsychopathologization in the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) faces systemic discriminations built-in epistemic pipelines. Based on an analysis of unexploited data from ICD-11 and the French translation process, this article addresses power issues in participatory research and systemic discrimination within a socio-cultural context. We used a peer-driven participatory approach to conduct qualitative analyses of the French version of the ICD based on contributions from 72 TGD participants in the French study for ICD-11. The results highlight a major incongruence between participants' propositions and the final official translation. Alternative terms were proposed and discussed by participants in regard to usage and concepts, but also encompassed participation and perceived futility of maintaining pathologization. We found discrepancies in the French publication and translation processes, respectively on gender categorization and back translation. These results question the relevance and implementation of ICD-11 for TGD communities and highlight failures at all three stages of the official French translation. Power issues have an impact on knowledge production and, while mechanisms vary, all relate to epistemic injustice. Involving TGD communities in all stages of medical knowledge production processes would reduce transphobic biases. Individuals with personal stakes involved in politicized research areas appear all the more necessary today.