Proximate, fatty acids and metals in edible marine bivalves from Italian market: Beneficial and risk for consumers health.

Seafood is recognized as a healthy food choice due to high contents of essential nutrients, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the n-3 family. However, seafood is often contaminated by toxic compounds, which have adverse effects on human health. The aim of this study was to provide information about the percentage of edible part, condition index and the benefit and risk for human consumers health associated to the consumption of eight bivalve species (Flexopecten glaber, Mimachlamys varia, Modiolus barbatus, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Ostrea edulis, Ruditapes philippinarum, Solen marginatus and Venus verrucosa) of high commercial value, purchased from Taranto local fish markets. High percentage of edibility and condition index were found in all analysed species. The relatively high protein content, low levels of lipid and high percentage of healthy n-3 PUFAs make M. varia, O. edulis, S. marginatus, M. galloprovincialis, M. barbatus more suitable for benefit to consumers. Provisional tolerable weekly intake and hazard index calculated on the basis of trace metals in edible tissues, indicated specific recommendations for a responsible daily consumption of shellfish. For the most part of studied species, the estimated balance between beneficial and risk for consumers recommend a daily portion (RDP) lesser of 60 g/person/day than M. galloprovincialis, O. edulis and R. philippinarum (≥60 g/person/day). Careful risk-benefit considerations should promote seafood consumption while minimizing exposure to toxic contaminants.

Polynuclear polypyridine complexes incorporating Ru(II), Os(II), and Pt(II): decanuclear dendrimeric antennas.

The "complexes as metal/complexes as ligand" strategy has been used to prepare new polynuclear heterometallic complexes containing two, 3, 4, and ten metal units. The metal ions employed are Ru(2+), Os(2+), and Pt(2+); the bridging ligands are 2,3- and 2,5-dpp (dpp = bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine), and the terminal ligands are Cl(-) and bpy (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine). [Os(bpy)(2)(mu-2,3-dpp)Ru[(mu-2,3-dpp)PtCl(2)](2)](PF(6))(4) (OsRuPt(2)) and [Os[(mu-2,3-dpp)Ru[(mu-2,3-dpp)PtCl(2)](2)](3)](PF(6))(8) (OsRu(3)Pt(6)), which have a dendritic structure, are the first examples of polynuclear complexes based on the dpp bridging ligand simultaneously containing three different metals. All of the new compounds feature absorption spectra with intense ligand-centered transitions in the UV region and metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) bands in the visible region. The complexes are luminescent both at room temperature in acetonitrile solution and at 77 K in butyronitrile rigid matrix. OsRuPt(2) and OsRu(3)Pt(6) luminesce in the near-infrared spectral region at 975 and 875 nm, respectively, at room temperature. This indicates that the emitting state is a (formally triplet) MLCT involving Os(2+) and the bridging ligand mu-2,3-dpp and that all the absorbed energy is efficiently channeled to the single Os-based unit. OsRu(3)Pt(6) appears to be the first decanuclear species displaying such efficient antenna effect.

Redox processes of ruthenium (II) polypyridine complexes induced by fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry.

Fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry in the negative ionization mode enables the sputtering into the gas phase of the ruthenium complexes [Ru(2,2'-bipyridine[bpy])2(2,5-bis) (pyrydil)pyrazine[dpp])](PF6)2; [Ru(bpy)2,(2,3dpp)](PF6)2;[Ru(bpy)2,(2,3-dpp-Me)]( PF6)3; and [Ru(bpy)2(ώ-2,3-dpp)]2 RuCl2(PF6)4 as intact radical anions. These data, combined with those avaiiable from the positive FAB spectra allow a full characterization of the analytes.