Impact of Implementing Psychological Ownership in Undergraduate Dental Clinical Training: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: The idea of psychological ownership (PO) has been utilized in a variety of contexts, but the significance and lessons learned from using PO in dental clinical education have not been investigated. A detailed long-term study of PO in dental clinical education will allow us to understand the effectiveness of this practice. The purpose of this paper is to compare undergraduate (UG) student's clinical performance before and after the PO system was implemented. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted with around 70-80 students in an academic year from June 2012 to June 2019. Through ownership quality, four-handed dentistry, observation and assistance, supply of must-haves, and measurable outcomes, the clinical performance of students in pre- and post-PO systems was compared. Results: The quantum of overall clinical procedures performed by the UG students was 8,214 and 13,753 in pre-PO and post-PO, respectively. Chi-squared tests performed unveil that there exists a statistically significant difference in the quantum of clinical procedures performed by UG after the implementation of PO. Conclusion: The results of our study clearly state that there was a significant increase in the quantum of clinical procedures performed by UG students after the implementation of the PO system. How to cite this article: Felsypremila G, Muthu MS, Nirmal L, et al. Impact of Implementing Psychological Ownership in Undergraduate Dental Clinical Training: A Retrospective Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(3):279-284.

Safety and Efficacy of Plaque Removal Using Manual and Powered Toothbrush in Cerebral Palsy Children by Parents/Caregivers: A Randomized Control Crossover Trial.

Aim: The aim of our study was to check the safety and efficacy of plaque removal using manual and powered toothbrush in cerebral palsy children by parents/caregivers. Materials and methods: This was a single blinded, crossover randomized control trial conducted on 60 cerebral palsy children between the age of 6 to 14 years. They were randomly divided using a flip coin method into two groups: group A-manual toothbrush and group B-powered toothbrush. The plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and gingival abrasion (GA) score were measured at baseline, then at an interval of 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks. This was followed by a crossover between two groups with a washout period of 1 week. Results: Both manual and powered toothbrush showed a significant reduction in plaque and gingival score before and after crossover when compared to baseline (p < 0.05). The GA score was reduced to 100% in both groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference between both the groups before and after the crossover. Also, through the questionnaire it was observed that both child (86.6%) and parent (70%) showed positive feedback towards powered toothbrush. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the present study that the efficacy of a powered toothbrush is comparable to that of a manual toothbrush. Parents and caregivers, on the contrary, displayed a favorable attitude towards the use of powered toothbrushes due to their ease of use. Clinical relevance: Cerebral palsy is one of the most common neurological disorders among children. It is associated with poor motor skills and manual dexterity that hampers their ability to brush and thus leads to poor oral hygiene. A powered toothbrush seems more appealing and is specially designed for patients with poor neuromotor coordination. How to cite this article: Deshpande AN, Naik K, Deshpande N, et al. Safety and Efficacy of Plaque Removal using Manual and Powered Toothbrush in Cerebral Palsy Children by Parents/Caregivers: A Randomized Control Crossover Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(2):344-349.

Effectiveness of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Sodium Fluoride Varnish in Preventing New Carious Lesion in Preschoolers: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Dental caries is a site-specific, multifactorial chronic disease affected globally. The prevalence of dental caries is strongly associated with social and economic disadvantage, and also the susceptibility of children to dental caries. Dental caries prevention can be achieved with topical fluoride agents. Topical fluoride promotes the remineralization of early carious lesions and reduces the demineralization of healthy enamel. Aim: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to compare the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and sodium fluoride varnish (FV) in preventing new carious lesions in preschoolers. Materials and methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 285 children aged 3-6 years. Children were randomly allocated into three groups namely, group I-deionized distilled water (DIW), group II-sodium FV, and group III-SDF. The biannual application was performed at an interval of 6 months. New carious lesions were recorded using defs and International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) under LED magnifying loupes. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied and tabulated using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 23.0 software. Result: There was a significant difference seen in the mean values of group III (SDF) when compared with group II (FV) and also between group III (SDF) and group I (DIW) when defs index was used. The mean score of ICDAS II after 12 months in group I (DIW) was -1.171, group II (FV) was -0.690, and group III (SDF) was -0.374. Conclusion: silver diamine fluoride (SDF) was found to be most effective in preventing dental caries and also it appears to be the most cost-saving fluoride therapy. How to cite this article: Jain A, Deshpande AN, Shah YS, et al. Effectiveness of Silver Diamine Fluoride and Sodium Fluoride Varnish in Preventing New Carious Lesion in Preschoolers: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(1):1-8.

Association of Anthropometric Measurements, Hemoglobin Level and Salivary Parameters among Caries-free and S-ECC Children.

Context: The implication of severe dental caries in children may have its effect on general health apart from affecting the orodental tissues. Many children reporting with severe caries have shown weighing less due to malnourishment resulting in anemia and modified somatic growth. Aims: Study aimed to assess and compare anthropometric measurements, hemoglobin level, and salivary parameters among caries-free and severe early childhood caries (E-CCC) children. Settings and design: For caries-free group [Group I] and S-ECC group [Group II] data were obtained from age-matched children with similar socioeconomic status. Materials and methods: Children with severe caries and without caries from the age-group 3- 6 years participated in the study. Children were measured for height, weight, measurement of mid-upper arm circumference, and waist circumference. Hemoglobin level was recorded. The collected unstimulated saliva was assessed for flow rate, salivary pH, and its buffering capacity. Statistical analysis used: Both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were carried out using Windows software and SPSS (21). Tests of significance namely t-test and Chi-square test were used along with regression analysis. Results: Caries experience showed no statistical difference for age and gender among the sample population. Significant difference was found for all anthropometric measurements. When comparison for hemoglobin was done for both groups I and II, significant difference was observed [p = 0.003]. Conclusion: Children with severe dental caries in the present study had low hemoglobin which, if persisted, can lead to anemia. Though the anthropometric parameters may appear normal in children diagnosed with severe early childhood caries, pediatric dentist should ensure the hemoglobin level test, as iron deficiency can affect growth and development of the child, if left undiagnosed. How to cite this article: Deshpande AN, Sudani U, Wadhwa M, et al. Association of Anthropometric Measurements, Hemoglobin Level and Salivary Parameters among Caries-free and S-ECC Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(S-2):S164-S171.

Comparative Evaluation of Microhardness and Enamel Solubility of Treated Surface Enamel with Resin Infiltrant, Fluoride Varnish, and Casein Phosphopeptide-amorphous Calcium Phosphate: An In Vitro Study.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The aim and objective of this study was to do a comparative evaluation of microhardness and enamel solubility (ES) of the treated surface enamel with resin infiltrant, fluoride varnish, and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: An in vitro study was conducted on freshly extracted 85 sound permanent teeth of which 5 teeth were subjected to check for microhardness by the Vickers microhardness tester and the remaining teeth were exposed to demineralizing solution to create initial enamel lesions. These 80 teeth were assigned to four groups: group I-negative control (n = 20), group II-resin infiltrant (n = 20), group III-fluoride varnish (n = 20), and group IV-CPP-ACP (n = 20), and microhardness was checked after application. These teeth were exposed to caries attack three times a day for three consecutive days. The ES of these four groups was checked by calcium ion loss in the artificial cariogenic solution and whole saliva by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. RESULTS: It was found that none of the experimental groups reached the microhardness values of sound intact teeth. At 3rd day, the values of microhardness were: group II = group III > group IV > group I. Maximum ES was found for group I (control) followed with group IV. CONCLUSION: All agents used in study remineralized initial carious lesion. Fluoride varnish has the highest microhardness and showed least ES compared to other remineralizing agents. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Fluoride varnish can be regarded as the choice of material to be used for the treatment of incipient carious lesions because of the low application frequency (once every 3-6 months), requires minimal patient compliance as it is a noninvasive procedure and less time consuming. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Dhillon SN, Deshpande AN, Macwan C, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Microhardness and Enamel Solubility of Treated Surface Enamel with Resin Infiltrant, Fluoride Varnish, and Casein Phosphopeptide-amorphous Calcium Phosphate: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(S-1):S14-S25.

Consequences of Severe Epileptic Attack in a 3-year-old Girl with Congenital Hydrocephalus.

A 3 year old female patient with history of congenital hydrocephalus and epileptic episodes since a week was referred to the department from Dhiraj general hospital for dental opinion. The patient was non ambulatory. On initial clinical examination grade II mobility was present with lower anterior teeth along with lower lip laceration and an extra oral swelling on the left side of the face. Pharmacological management was opted for this patient as regular chair side management was not feasible. The necessary investigations were completed. When the patient was taken under general anaesthesia for treatment, a radical symptomatic and preventive treatment was opted. Such cases pose a challenge to the Pedodontist's decision making skills and must be dealt considering the long term health benefits.

Unfolding the hidden facts of paediatric maxillofacial trauma.

Hard tissue injuries are uncommon in the paediatric patient; the paediatric population sustains 1 to 14.7% of all facial fractures. The management of the paediatric patient with maxillofacial injury should take into consideration, the differences in anatomy and physiology between children and adults, the presence of concomitant injury, the particular stage in growth and development and the specific injuries and anatomic sites that the injuries affect. Minimally displaced fractures in paediatric patients can be managed conservatively, while displaced fractures may require open approaches and rigid fixation. Hence, the present article presents an overview of the available published literature on maxillofacial trauma in paediatric patient.

Randomized, controlled clinical study to evaluate efficacy of novel indigenously designed controlled release flurbiprofen gel system for management of periodontal diseases.

BACKGROUND: This randomized, controlled clinical study was planned to evaluate the use of anti-inflammatory drug flurbiprofen in the form of locally delivered controlled release gel in the treatment of periodontal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The flurbiprofen gel was indigenously prepared in the concentration of 0.3%. The 30 patients with localized periodontal pockets measuring ≥5 mm were randomly divided into three groups. The groups received flurbiprofen gel, flurbiprofen gel after prophylaxis, and placebo gel after oral prophylaxis, respectively. The clinical parameters for plaque and gingival inflammation were evaluated at baseline, 7(th) day, and 14(th) day. RESULTS: The results of the study suggested the statistically significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the gingival status of the patients with the use of flurbiprofen gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing as compared to oral prophylaxis or gel alone. CONCLUSION: The data demonstrated that the additional use of local drug delivery of flurbiprofen through gel media enhances the positive effects of scaling and root planing and helps in faster resolution of the inflammation.