RESUMO
Healthy myelin is essential for proper brain function. When the myelin sheath is damaged, fast saltatory impulse conduction is lost and neuronal axons become vulnerable to degeneration. Thus, regeneration of the myelin sheath by encouraging oligodendrocyte lineage cells to remyelinate the denuded axons is a promising therapeutic target for demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Ex vivo organotypic cerebellar slice cultures are a useful model to study developmental myelination, demyelination, remyelination and remyelination failure. In these cultures, the cerebellum's three-dimensional architecture and various cell populations remain largely intact, providing a realistic and relatively cost-efficient model that can be easily manipulated by the addition of viral vectors, pharmaceuticals or (transgenic) cells to augment or replace resident cell populations. Moreover, slice cultures can be treated with lysolecithin or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid to induce demyelination and mimic efficient as well as inefficient remyelination. It can be challenging to set up slice cultures for the first time, as in our experience, seemingly minor differences in technique and materials can make a great difference to the quality of the cultures. Therefore, this report provides an in-depth description for the generation and maintenance of ex vivo organotypic cerebellar cultures for demyelination-remyelination studies with a focus on practical tips for scientists that are new to this technique.