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We recently reported enhanced parasympathetic activation at rest throughout pregnancy associated with regular yoga practice. The present study presents a secondary analysis of data collected within a prospective cohort study of 33 pregnant women practicing yoga once weekly throughout pregnancy and 36 controls not involved in formal pregnancy exercise programs. The objective was to assess the impact of prenatal yoga on the autonomic nervous system stress response. Healthy pregnant women with singleton pregnancies were recruited in the first trimester. There was no significant difference in the maternal body mass index (BMI) between the yoga group and the controls (24.06 ± 3.55 vs. 23.74 ± 3.43 kg/m2, p = 0.693). Women practicing yoga were older (28.6 ± 3.9 vs. 31.3 ± 3.5 years, p = 0.005) and more often nulliparous (26 (79%) vs. 18 (50%), p = 0.001). We studied heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in the time domain (SDNN, standard deviation of regular R-R intervals, and RMSSD, square root of mean squared differences of successive R-R intervals) and frequency domain (ln(LF/HF), natural logarithm of low-frequency to high-frequency power), as well as synchronization indices of heart rate, blood pressure and respiration during and immediately following acute psychological stress of a standardized mental challenge test. Measurements were performed once per trimester before and after yoga or a 30 min moderate-intensity walk. Statistical comparison was performed using three-way analyses of variance (p < 0.05 significant). Time domain HRV parameters during and following mental challenge in the yoga group were significantly higher compared to the controls regardless of the trimester (F = 7.22, p = 0.009 for SDNN and F = 9.57, p = 0.003 for RMSSD, respectively). We observed no significant differences in the yoga group vs. the controls in terms of ln(LF/HF) and synchronization indices. Regular prenatal yoga practice was associated with a significantly reduced sympathetic response to mental challenge and quicker recovery after acute psychological stress. These effects persisted throughout pregnancy with regular practice.
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Yoga , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Estresse Psicológico , Caminhada , Adulto Jovem , AdultoRESUMO
The objective was to assess the effects of prenatal yoga on heart rate variability (HRV) and cardio-respiratory synchronization, used as proxies of autonomic nervous system activity. Sixty-nine healthy pregnant women were included; 33 in a yoga group attending at least one 90-min yoga class weekly throughout pregnancy, and 36 controls not involved in formal pregnancy exercise programs. Measurements of the time domain (SDNN, standard deviation of regular R-R intervals, and RMSSD, square root of mean squared differences of successive R-R intervals) and frequency domain (ln(LF/HF), natural logarithm of low-frequency to high-frequency power) HRV indices, as well as cardio-respiratory synchronization indexes were performed once per trimester before and after yoga or 30-min moderate-intensity walk. A statistical comparison was performed using a three-way analysis of the variance (p < 0.05 significant). Both the time domain and frequency domain HRV indices showed significant shifts towards parasympathetic dominance following yoga when compared to the controls throughout pregnancy (p = 0.002 for SDNN, p < 0.001 for RMSSD, and p = 0.006 for ln(LF/HF), respectively). There was a statistically non-significant trend towards higher synchronization between respiratory frequency and heart rate following yoga vs. controls (p = 0.057). Regular prenatal yoga was associated with enhanced parasympathetic activation persisting throughout pregnancy.
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Background: The diagnosis of typical cold urticaria (ColdU) relies on whealing in response to local cold stimulation testing (CST). It can also manifest with cold-induced anaphylaxis (ColdA). Till date, it is largely unclear how often patients with ColdU receive adrenaline treatment and are provided with an adrenaline autoinjector (AAI). Methods: An international, cross-sectional study, COLD-CE (i.e., comprehensive evaluation of ColdU and other cold-induced reactions), was carried out at 32 UCAREs. Detailed histories were taken and CST with an ice cube and/or TempTest® performed. ColdA was defined as an acute cold-induced (i.e., by cold water, air, or surfaces) involvement of the skin and/or visible mucosal tissue and at least one of the symptoms (cardiovascular manifestations, difficulty breathing, or gastrointestinal symptoms). Results: Of the 551 ColdU patients, 75% (n = 412) had a positive CST. Of them, concomitant chronic spontaneous urticaria was diagnosed in 10%. Of 372 patients with stand-alone ColdU, 69% were women and 91% adults. Their median age was 36 (IQR 26 - 48) years. Patients were also categorized into residents of countries with a tropical (n = 33), temperate (n = 264), or cold (n = 75) climate (Table 1: R13C1, R17C1, R21C1). AAI was more often prescribed to residents of temperate than tropical countries (30% vs. 12%, p = .038; Table 1: R31C1), although the frequency of ColdA did not significantly differ between these countries (44% vs. 42%, p = 1.000; R29C2). Residents of tropical countries had a higher frequency of ColdA induced by cold air than residents of temperate (36% vs. 12%, p = .001; R29C4) or cold (36% vs. 12%, p = .007; R25C4) countries. Cardiovascular manifestations induced by cold air were diagnosed in 33% (n = 11) of residents of tropical countries, but only 18% (n = 2) and 36% (n = 4) of them had received adrenaline and AAI, respectively (R13 - 15C7). Furthermore, hypotension and/or loss of consciousness induced by cold air occurred in 18% (n = 6) of patients, but only 17% (n = 1) received adrenaline (R13 - 14C10). ColdA was induced by complete cold water immersion in 9% (n = 3) of patients, and none of them received adrenaline treatment nor AAI (R13 - 15C3). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that ColdA is undertreated and call for changes in ColdU management.
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Studies have shown that practicing yoga during pregnancy beneficially affects maternal and neonatal outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of prenatal yoga on the microvascular circulatory system via non-invasive measurements of retinal blood vessels. We included 29 women who practiced prenatal yoga in the study. There were no statistically significant differences in arteriolar and venular diameters pre- vs. post-90 min yoga practice (150.5 ± 11.4 µm pre- vs. 151.2 ± 10.2 µm post-yoga; p = 0.53 for arteriolar and 221.8 ± 16.1 µm pre- vs. 223.2 ± 15.7 µm post-yoga; p = 0.51 for venular diameters). The current study demonstrated the feasibility of the setup. More extensive studies are needed to determine the potential microvascular effects of practicing yoga throughout pregnancy.
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BACKGROUND: The European baseline series (EBS) of contact allergens is subject to change. An allergen is considered for inclusion when routine patch testing of patients with suspected contact dermatitis results in ≥0.5% prevalence rate. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the frequency of sensitizations to 30 EBS allergens and 10 locally added allergens. Additionally, we assessed the strength and evolution of reactions to all tested allergens and co-reactivity of additional allergens. METHODS: Patch testing with our baseline series of 40 allergens was done in 748 consecutive adults. Tests were applied to the upper back and removed by patients after 48 h. Readings were done on Day 3 (D3) and D6 or D7 (D6/7). Positive reactions fulfilled the criteria of at least one plus (+) reaction. A retrospective analysis was done. RESULTS: Eight allergens not listed in the EBS had ≥0.5% prevalence rate (i.e., cocamidopropyl betaine, thiomersal, disperse blue mix 106/124, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, diazolidinyl urea, propylene glycol, Compositae mix II and dexamethasone-21-phosphate), and 16.6% of positive reactions would have been missed without D6/7 readings. CONCLUSION: We propose further studies to evaluate whether cocamidopropyl betaine, disperse blue mix 106/124, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, diazolidinyl urea and Compositae mix II need to be added to the EBS.
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Alérgenos , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato , Adulto , Alérgenos/efeitos adversos , Betaína/análogos & derivados , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/diagnóstico , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/epidemiologia , Dermatite Alérgica de Contato/etiologia , Dexametasona , Humanos , Nitroparafinas , Testes do Emplastro/métodos , Fosfatos , Propano/análogos & derivados , Propilenoglicóis , Estudos Retrospectivos , Timerosal , Ureia/análogos & derivadosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cold urticaria (ColdU), that is, the occurrence of wheals or angioedema in response to cold exposure, is classified into typical and atypical forms. The diagnosis of typical ColdU relies on whealing in response to local cold stimulation testing (CST). It can also manifest with cold-induced anaphylaxis (ColdA). We aimed to determine risk factors for ColdA in typical ColdU. METHODS: An international, cross-sectional study COLD-CE was carried out at 32 urticaria centers of reference and excellence (UCAREs). Detailed history was taken and CST with an ice cube and/or TempTest® performed. ColdA was defined as an acute cold-induced involvement of the skin and/or visible mucosal tissue and at least one of: cardiovascular manifestations, difficulty breathing, or gastrointestinal symptoms. RESULTS: Of 551 ColdU patients, 75% (n = 412) had a positive CST and ColdA occurred in 37% (n = 151) of the latter. Cold-induced generalized wheals, angioedema, acral swelling, oropharyngeal/laryngeal symptoms, and itch of earlobes were identified as signs/symptoms of severe disease. ColdA was most commonly provoked by complete cold water immersion and ColdA caused by cold air was more common in countries with a warmer climate. Ten percent (n = 40) of typical ColdU patients had a concomitant chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). They had a lower frequency of ColdA than those without CSU (4% vs. 39%, p = .003). We identified the following risk factors for cardiovascular manifestations: previous systemic reaction to a Hymenoptera sting, angioedema, oropharyngeal/laryngeal symptoms, and itchy earlobes. CONCLUSION: ColdA is common in typical ColdU. High-risk patients require education about their condition and how to use an adrenaline autoinjector.
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Angioedema , Urticária Crônica , Himenópteros , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos , Urticária , Angioedema/diagnóstico , Angioedema/epidemiologia , Angioedema/etiologia , Animais , Temperatura Baixa , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/complicações , Prurido/complicações , Fatores de Risco , Urticária/diagnóstico , Urticária/epidemiologia , Urticária/etiologiaRESUMO
Mast cell-activating signals in cold urticaria are not yet well defined and are likely to be heterogeneous. Cold agglutinins and cryoglobulins have been described as factors possibly associated with cold urticaria, but their relevance has not been explained. We performed a single-center prospective cohort study of 35 cold urticaria patients. Cold agglutinin and cryoglobulin test results, demographics, detailed history data, cold stimulation test results, complete blood count values, C-reactive protein, total immunoglobulin E levels, and basal serum tryptase levels were analyzed. Forty six percent (n = 16) of 35 tested patients had a positive cold agglutinin test and 27% (n = 9) of 33 tested patients had a positive cryoglobulin test. Cold agglutinin positive patients, when compared to cold agglutinin negative ones, were mainly female (P = 0.030). No gender-association was found for cryoglobulins. A positive cold agglutinin test, but not a positive cryoglobulin test, was associated with a higher rate of reactions triggered by cold ambient air (P = 0.009) or immersion in cold water (P = 0.041), and aggravated by increased summer humidity (P = 0.007). Additionally, patients with a positive cold agglutinin test had a higher frequency of angioedema triggered by ingestion of cold foods or drinks (P = 0.043), and lower disease control based on Urticaria Control Test (P = 0.023). Cold agglutinin levels correlated with erythrocyte counts (r = -0.372, P = 0.028) and monocyte counts (r = -0.425, P = 0.011). Cryoglobulin concentrations correlated with basal serum tryptase levels (r = 0.733, P = 0.025) and cold urticaria duration (r = 0.683, P = 0.042). Results of our study suggest that cold agglutinins and cryoglobulins, in a subpopulation of cold urticaria patients, are linked to the course and possibly the pathogenesis of their disease.
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Estações do Ano , Urticária/sangue , Urticária/metabolismo , Adulto , Temperatura Baixa , Crioglobulinas/fisiologia , Eritrócitos/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) on haemodialysis fistulas utilising drug-coated balloons with plain balloon vessel preparation (DCB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study group, 31 patients (16 men; mean age 62.8 ± 17.2 years) with failing arteriovenous fistulas were treated, with DCB, and compared with a control group (31 patients; 15 men; mean age 67.0 ± 8.44 years), in which only plain balloon PTA was performed. All stenoses were dilated with regular PTA balloons. After achieving haemodynamic success (< 30% residual stenosis), drug-coated balloons were used for drug administration in the study group. The follow-up intervals were 6, 12 and 24 months. Target lesion primary patency, primary assisted patency and secondary patency were compared. The statistical significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: Target lesion primary patency was compared in both groups and was significantly higher in the study group (DCB) at 6 months (90.3 vs. 61.3%; p = 0.016), 12 months (77.4 vs. 29%; p = 0.0004) as well as 24 months (45.2 vs. 16.1%; p = 0.026). Kaplan-Meier survival curves also showed a significant difference for target lesion primary patency (534.2 vs. 315.7 days; p = 0.0004). There were no significant differences in target lesion primary assisted patency and in secondary patency. However, only 38.7% of patients in the study group were treated twice or more versus 80.6% in the control group (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: DCB increases target lesion primary patency during the first 24 months and decreases the rate of reinterventions.
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Angioplastia com Balão/métodos , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica , Constrição Patológica/terapia , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Falência Renal Crônica/terapia , Diálise Renal/instrumentação , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paclitaxel , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Dispositivos de Acesso Vascular , Grau de Desobstrução VascularRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: A "virtual patient" is defined as a computer program which simulates real patients' cases. The aim of this study was to determine whether the inclusion of virtual patients affects the level of factual knowledge of family medicine students at the undergraduate level. METHODS: This was a case-controlled prospective study. The students were randomly divided into experimental (EG: N = 51) and control (CG: N = 48) groups. The students in the EG were asked to practice diagnosis using virtual patients instead of the paper-based clinical cases which were solved by the students in the CG. The main observed variable in the study was knowledge of family medicine, determined by 50 multiple choice questions (MCQs) about knowledge of family medicine. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the groups' initial knowledge. At the final assessment of knowledge, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups, but there was a statistically significant difference between their initial and final knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that adding virtual patient cases to the curriculum, instead of paper clinical cases, did not affect the level of factual knowledge about family medicine. Virtual patients can be used, but a significant educational outcome is not expected.
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PURPOSE: To determine which of the three surgical techniques for acute unilateral complete rupture of Achilles tendons in use at the University Clinical Centre Maribor gives the best short-term functional results. METHODS: In the retrospective analysis of the results of 3 surgical techniques, 262 patients of which 244 (93.1%) were men (mean age 41.6 ± 10.0 years, range 21.5-83.0 years) operated on during the period from 2000 to 2008 were included. Group A (open technique with fascial augmentation) included 42 (16%) patients, group B (original modification of percutaneous suturing according to Cretnik and Kosanovic) included 159 (60.7%) patients, and group C (original percutaneous fixation with two embracing and crossed loops according to Kruscic) included 61 (23.3%) patients. The rehabilitation protocol for group C included use of individually manufactured closed ankle functional orthosis, which replaced the plaster cast after 2 weeks of immobilization and permits early ankle range-of-motion exercising and full weight bearing. The functional outcome and incidence of postsurgical complications were analysed from medical records covering the period of 6 months. RESULTS: Patients from group C achieved the best functional results in the shortest time. The duration of immobilization (5.3 ± 0.1 weeks) and use of crutches (5.3 ± 0.5 weeks) were the shortest. The ability to rise up on toes on the affected leg, to walk on toes and heels, and duration of restriction of physical activities including sports were shorter than in the other two groups (p < 0.001 for all variables). Two reruptures were experienced in group B, one in group C, and none in group A. CONCLUSIONS: Good functional results and a relatively small number of postsurgical complications advocate the use of percutaneous suturing techniques. The best and fastest functional recovery was attained in the group treated with the original technique of percutaneous fixation with two embracing and crossed thread loops according to Kruscic.
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Tendão do Calcâneo/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Técnicas de Sutura/estatística & dados numéricos , Traumatismos dos Tendões/epidemiologia , Traumatismos dos Tendões/cirurgia , Tenotomia/reabilitação , Tenotomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Muletas/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Imobilização/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Prevalência , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Fatores de Risco , Ruptura/diagnóstico , Ruptura/epidemiologia , Ruptura/cirurgia , Eslovênia/epidemiologia , Traumatismos dos Tendões/diagnóstico , Tenotomia/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Teaching using paper problem-based learning (p-PBL) sessions has left some students fatigued with the learning process. Therefore, attempts have been made to replace p-PBL with digitally enhanced, decision-making PBL in the form of virtual patients (VP). Student enthusiasm for substituting p-PBL with VP has not been quantitatively evaluated on the intended educational effects. AIM: To determine the educational effects of substituting p-PBL sessions with VP on undergraduate medical students in their internal medicine course. METHODS: We conducted a randomised controlled study on 34 third-year undergraduate medical students in the academic year 2015-2016. Student performance after an intervention substituting p-PBL sessions with VP was analysed. The educational outcomes were measured with knowledge exams and the Diagnostic Thinking Inventory. RESULTS: There was no difference in exam performance between groups (P > 0.833) immediately after the intervention, or in long term. Nor was there a significant difference in improvement of diagnostic thinking between groups (P > 0.935 and P > 0.320). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed no significant improvement in diagnostic thinking abilities or knowledge exam results with the use of VP. Educators can add VP to sessions to motivate students, but a significant improvement to educational outcome should not be expected.
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Educação de Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Medicina Interna/métodos , Motivação , Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas/métodos , Pensamento , Avaliação Educacional , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Eslovênia , Estudantes de MedicinaRESUMO
Health documentation is a prerequisite for good and sustainable health and social care. It is especially important for patient involvement and their empowerment. A transition from paper to e-documentation together with the electronic patient record should be based on thorough knowledge of the current state of documentation and its usages. The main objective of this paper was to analyse which documents and work methods of documenting processes within nursing are being used within different environments. Furthermore, what are the main reasons for their discrepancies from theoretical approaches and best practices. The analysis is based on a survey carried out on all three levels of healthcare. The survey questionnaire consisted of 12 questions to which responded 286 nursing teams from community health centres, hospitals and retirement homes in Slovenia. The results point to diversity in documenting as well as lack of interoperability. This is reflected in a great number of different documents. All phases of the nursing process were being documented in only 31.8 % of cases. The main reasons for this can be attributed to work organisation, different definitions of data-set requirements and inadequate knowledge by nurses. Survey results pointed out a need for the renewal of nursing documentation towards a more uniform system based on contemporary health technologies.
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Documentação/normas , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar , Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , EslovêniaRESUMO
We report on our research in using literature-based discovery (LBD) to provide pharmacological and/or pharmacogenomic explanations for reported adverse drug effects. The goal of LBD is to generate novel and potentially useful hypotheses by analyzing the scientific literature and optionally some additional resources. Our assumption is that drugs have effects on some genes or proteins and that these genes or proteins are associated with the observed adverse effects. Therefore, by using LBD we try to find genes or proteins that link the drugs with the reported adverse effects. These genes or proteins can be used to provide insight into the processes causing the adverse effects. Initial results show that our method has the potential to assist in explaining reported adverse drug effects.
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Mineração de Dados/métodos , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/genética , Farmacogenética/métodos , Farmacovigilância , HumanosRESUMO
AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of a pocket-size imaging device in the hands of a noncardiologist as a screening tool for diagnosing aortic stenosis in individuals with newly discovered systolic murmur. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 200 consecutive patients with systolic murmur were included; a limited focused cardiac ultrasound was performed with a pocket-size imaging device and compared to standard echocardiography. It was performed by a noncardiologist with no formal training in echocardiography. In all, 150 patients had morphological changes on the aortic valve, 77 had more than mild aortic stenosis, 30 had more than mild mitral regurgitation, 64 patients had more than moderate hypertrophy, 113 had more than moderately enlarged left atriums, and 3 had severely enlarged left ventricles. There were no significant difference in recognizing severe changes between Vscan focused cardiac ultrasound and comprehensive echocardiography. CONCLUSION: Pocket-size ultrasound imaging devices without continuous and pulse wave Doppler modalities can, even in the hands of a noncardiologist with limited cardiac ultrasound instructions with high sensitivity and specificity, be a useful tool for detecting more than mild aortic stenosis and more than mild mitral regurgitation. As such a focused cardiac ultrasound can be an extension of physical examinations for patients with newly discovered systolic murmur.
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Estenose da Valva Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagem , Ecocardiografia/instrumentação , Programas de Rastreamento/instrumentação , Sopros Sistólicos/diagnóstico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estenose da Valva Aórtica/complicações , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Falha de Equipamento , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Miniaturização , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Sopros Sistólicos/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to examine the possible influence of minor deterioration of the renal function after stent implantation not fulfilling the criteria for acute kidney injury on long-term outcomes after stent thrombosis (ST). BACKGROUND: Decreased renal function (DRF) is associated with an increased risk for worse outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention. There is no data if the deterioration of renal function after stent implantation influences the prognosis after ST. If so patients with a higher risk for worse outcome after ST could be identified already at the time of stent implantation. METHODS: Data from 4824 consecutive patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention in our center was recorded from March 2004 to April 2010. We excluded patients with acute kidney injury at stent implantation and 86 of them with ST without acute kidney injury at stent implantation were involved in the study. They were prospectively followed until December 2012 for 50.2 ± 28.1 months. Only patients with definite ST were included in the study. The Academic Research Consortium definition of ST was used. Data on death, myocardial infarction, and repeated percutaneous or operative revascularization after ST were ascertained from the hospital database, by phone or with clinical examinations. The outcomes after definite ST were compared in patients with and without deterioration of renal function after stent implantation (DRFafterSI). RESULTS: During the observational period patients with DRFafterSI had a higher mortality rate after ST than patients without DRFafterSI (35.1 vs. 10.3 %; p <0.019). The incidence of major adverse cardiac events (major adverse coronary event (MACE)-death, myocardial infarction, repeated revascularization) rate after ST was similar in both groups (66.1 % with DRFafterSI vs. 55.2 % without DRFafterSI). The prevalence of myocardial infarction was also similar in both groups (31.6 vs. 34.5 %) as was the revascularizations rate (43.9 vs. 48.3 %). Death was predicted by DRFafterSI (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 3.96; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.11 to 14.10; p <0.034) and age > 75 years (adjusted HR 2.85: 95 % CI 1.12-7.30; p = 0.029). We could not find any predictor for MACE. CONCLUSIONS: Even more subtle DRFafterSI (not fulfilling the criteria for acute kidney injury) at stent implantation were associated with higher long-term mortality after ST. Especially at risk were patients older than 75 years at stent implantation. DRFafterSI and age more than 75 years pointed out the group of patients with a high risk for death after ST already at the time of stent implantation. The best treatment option for preventing ST in these patients is still to be determined. Until then, we must pay a special attention to proper patients' preparation and hydration to avoid DRFafterSI.
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Reestenose Coronária/mortalidade , Nefropatias/mortalidade , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/mortalidade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Stents/estatística & dados numéricos , Trombose/mortalidade , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Causalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Nefropatias/diagnóstico , Testes de Função Renal/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/instrumentação , Fatores de Risco , Distribuição por Sexo , Eslovênia/epidemiologia , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Late-onset infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. The purpose of our prospective randomised study was to establish whether a combination of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Enterococcus faecium and Bifidobacterium infantum) affects the incidence of late-onset sepsis and other infections in very low birthweight infants (birthweight under 1500 g, gestational age under 33 weeks). METHODS: From 80 included infants, one half received probiotics (L. acidophilus, E. faecium and B. infantum) in the ratio 1.5:1:1.5, at a dose of 0.6 × 107 colony-forming units twice daily, given with the first portions of milk until discharge, whereas the other half did not. RESULTS: In the group receiving probiotics, 16 children had late-onset sepsis compared with 29 in the group without probiotics; p = 0.006. The number of late-onset septic events was lower (30) in the group receiving probiotics than in the group that did not receive probiotics (69); p = 0.003. Furthermore, fewer children had at least one late-onset infection (20 infants in the group receiving probiotics compared with 32 in the group without them; p = 0.009). There were less episodes of late-onset infections in the group receiving probiotics (35) than in the group without probiotics (79); p = 0.002. CONCLUSIONS: A combination of probiotics at a low dose (1.2 × 107 colony-forming units) decreased the frequency of late-onset sepsis and other infections, as described in previous studies. In addition, children were discharged at a lower postmenstrual age. There were no side effects of probiotics reported.
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Infecções Bacterianas/mortalidade , Infecções Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Doenças do Prematuro/mortalidade , Doenças do Prematuro/prevenção & controle , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Mortalidade Infantil , Doenças do Prematuro/microbiologia , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Eslovênia , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Literature-based discovery (LBD) generates discoveries, or hypotheses, by combining what is already known in the literature. Potential discoveries have the form of relations between biomedical concepts; for example, a drug may be determined to treat a disease other than the one for which it was intended. LBD views the knowledge in a domain as a network; a set of concepts along with the relations between them. As a starting point, we used SemMedDB, a database of semantic relations between biomedical concepts extracted with SemRep from Medline. SemMedDB is distributed as a MySQL relational database, which has some problems when dealing with network data. We transformed and uploaded SemMedDB into the Neo4j graph database, and implemented the basic LBD discovery algorithms with the Cypher query language. We conclude that storing the data needed for semantic LBD is more natural in a graph database. Also, implementing LBD discovery algorithms is conceptually simpler with a graph query language when compared with standard SQL.
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Mineração de Dados/métodos , Bases de Dados Factuais , Processamento de Linguagem Natural , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto , Terminologia como Assunto , Vocabulário Controlado , Sistemas de Gerenciamento de Base de Dados , Aprendizado de Máquina , SemânticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The proliferation of the scientific literature in the field of biomedicine makes it difficult to keep abreast of current knowledge, even for domain experts. While general Web search engines and specialized information retrieval (IR) systems have made important strides in recent decades, the problem of accurate knowledge extraction from the biomedical literature is far from solved. Classical IR systems usually return a list of documents that have to be read by the user to extract relevant information. This tedious and time-consuming work can be lessened with automatic Question Answering (QA) systems, which aim to provide users with direct and precise answers to their questions. In this work we propose a novel methodology for QA based on semantic relations extracted from the biomedical literature. RESULTS: We extracted semantic relations with the SemRep natural language processing system from 122,421,765 sentences, which came from 21,014,382 MEDLINE citations (i.e., the complete MEDLINE distribution up to the end of 2012). A total of 58,879,300 semantic relation instances were extracted and organized in a relational database. The QA process is implemented as a search in this database, which is accessed through a Web-based application, called SemBT (available at http://sembt.mf.uni-lj.si ). We conducted an extensive evaluation of the proposed methodology in order to estimate the accuracy of extracting a particular semantic relation from a particular sentence. Evaluation was performed by 80 domain experts. In total 7,510 semantic relation instances belonging to 2,675 distinct relations were evaluated 12,083 times. The instances were evaluated as correct 8,228 times (68%). CONCLUSIONS: In this work we propose an innovative methodology for biomedical QA. The system is implemented as a Web-based application that is able to provide precise answers to a wide range of questions. A typical question is answered within a few seconds. The tool has some extensions that make it especially useful for interpretation of DNA microarray results.
Assuntos
Indexação e Redação de Resumos , Algoritmos , Armazenamento e Recuperação da Informação , Processamento de Linguagem Natural , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Semântica , Software , Bases de Dados Factuais , Humanos , FarmacogenéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has become a commonly performed procedure. However, biomechanical studies have demonstrated that conventional single-bundle ACL reconstruction techniques are only successful in limiting anterior tibial translation but less effective for restoring rotatory laxity. PURPOSE: This study aimed to compare the results of single- and double-bundle ACL reconstruction using an anatomic technique, individualized based on the patient's native ACL size. The authors hypothesized that there would be no difference between the results of anatomic single-bundle (ASB) and anatomic double-bundle (ADB) reconstruction when the surgical technique is individualized. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: Depending on intraoperative measurements of the ACL insertion site size, patients were selected for either ASB (n = 32) or ADB (n = 69) ACL reconstruction. In all groups, hamstring tendons autograft was used with suspensory fixation on the femoral side and bioabsorbable interference screw fixation on the tibial side. The outcomes were evaluated by an independent blinded observer using the Lysholm score, subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) form, KT-1000 arthrometer for anteroposterior stability, and pivot-shift test for rotational stability. The average follow-up was 30 months (range, 26-34 months). There were no statistically significant differences in the baseline demographics of the 2 groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the ADB and ASB groups for Lysholm score (93.9 vs 93.5), subjective IKDC score (93.3 vs 93.1), anterior tibial translation (1.5- vs 1.6-mm side-to-side difference), and pivot shift (92% vs 90% with negative pivot-shift examination). CONCLUSION: Anatomic double-bundle reconstruction is not superior to anatomic single-bundle reconstruction when an individualized ACL reconstruction technique is used.