RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the occurrence of excessive gain in body mass index-for-age Z-score (BMI/AZ) and its associated factors in adolescent girls. METHODOLOGY: This is a cohort study conducted between 2007 and 2012 with 382 girls between 10 and 18 years of age attending public schools in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Excessive gain in BMI/AZ (EGBMI/AZ) at follow-up was considered if the adolescent had a BMI/AZ >0.63 between follow-up and baseline. RESULTS: In 2007, 33.5% of girls were overweight, and at the end of the study this prevalence was 26.2%, with no statistically significant differences. Of the 382 girls evaluated in the cohort, 33% showed EGBMI/AZ. In 2007, 95% of these girls were normal weight or underweight, and in 2012, 60% were classified as overweight. After adjusting for possible confounding factors, three variables remained independently associated with EGBMI/AZ: underweight, normal weight and maternal overweight. CONCLUSIONS: Both underweight and normal weight were associated with EGBMI/AZ, and this could be due to a physiological protection for the occurrence of menarche. In fact, maternal overweight has considerable influence on adolescents' nutritional status because of exposure to an obesogenic environment.
Assuntos
Índice de Massa Corporal , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Magreza/epidemiologia , Aumento de Peso , Adolescente , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Materna , Estado Nutricional , Obesidade Infantil/fisiopatologia , Prevalência , Magreza/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
UNLABELLED: No nutritional protocol for poorly controlled diabetic patients receiving well-managed drug treatment is currently available. OBJECTIVE: Aims were to compare dietary consumption of calcium and fibers with lipid profile and glycosilated hemoglobin HbA1c. METHODOLOGY: This was a prospective observational study. Patients with poorly controlled diabetes were consecutively recruited. A food-frequency questionnaire and tests for lipid profile, HbA1c, and C reactive protein were collected, along with clinical and anthropometric assessment. RESULTS: Patients (N = 114, age 65.7 ± 6.5 years, 75.4% females, BMI 29.0 ± 5.3 kg/m²) were often insulin-dependent (32.5%) and with systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein 4.2 ± 3.9 mg/L). Diet was energy restricted (1,365 ± 565 kcal/day) and mostly adequate but with suboptimal fiber (15.4 ± 8.6 g/day) and very low calcium (592.4 ± 204.4 mg/day). Calcium and fiber in the diet correlated with serum lipids, whereas fiber alone displayed a protective association regarding diabetes (HBA1c, insulin use) and arterial hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: Calcium and fiber ingestion exhibited correlations with important markers of metabolic status and cardiovascular risk. Future studies should address enhancement of these ingredients by means of dietary changes and supplements.