RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Maximising survival for patients with invasive melanoma hinges on early diagnosis of primary melanoma and appropriate management. Despite well-documented guidelines, many patients with melanoma have not been managed ideally. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper is to identify suboptimal aspects of melanoma management. DISCUSSION: Delayed or erroneous diagnosis is more likely to occur when a shave or punch biopsy is used to obtain histopathology. Wherever feasible, local excision with a narrow margin is the preferred biopsy choice for a suspected melanoma. The Breslow thickness of the primary melanoma remains the greatest predictor of outcome. Ulceration is associated with a poorer prognosis. Most invasive melanomas are managed with a margin of ≥10 mm of normal tissue. Patients who have developed one primary melanoma are at high risk of a second tumour. Ongoing management includes regular lifelong skin checks. Targeted approaches to improve occupational or lifestyle exposure to ultraviolet radiation are useful. Imaging is largely used when metastases are suspected on the basis of clinical symptoms or signs.