Salivary hormone concentrations and technical-tactical performance indicators in beach volleyball: Preliminary evidence.

The present study aimed to investigate (i) differences in salivary testosterone and cortisol concentrations before, during, and after simulated beach volleyball match, depending on match outcome (winning vs. losing); (ii) the relationship between technical-tactical performance indicators in beach volleyball and salivary hormonal concentrations (i.e., testosterone, cortisol). We hypothesized (i) salivary testosterone concentrations would be greater in winners and salivary cortisol would be lower; (ii) testosterone would associate with positive technical-tactical performance and cortisol would associate with negative technical-tactical performance. Sixteen athletes participated in the study and were grouped according to the result of a simulated game (winners: n = 8; losers: n = 8). Salivary hormone concentration of testosterone and cortisol were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pre-match, post first set, and post-match), and the coefficient of performance and efficiency were used as technical-tactical performance indicators. Regarding testosterone, there was a large effect size for match outcome after the first set (i.e., Winner vs. Losers) and a moderate effect size for the time in winners (pre-match vs. post-match). Regarding cortisol, there was a moderate effect size of time in losers only (pre-match vs. post-match). Moreover, cortisol pre-match was negatively correlated with the offensive performance (attack performance coefficient: r = -0.541; p = 0.030; attack efficiency: r = -0.568; p = 0.022). In conclusion, the effect of match outcome on testosterone and cortisol levels was moderate in winners and losers, respectively. Moreover, resting cortisol concentration appears to be related to a diminished attack technical-tactical performance. However, larger confirmatory studies are required to confirm these data to corroborate winning increases testosterone levels and/or reduces cortisol in a sporting setting.

Content validity of scenes from declarative tactical knowledge test for attack situation in beach volleyball - DTKAT-BV / Validação de conteúdo do teste de conhecimento tático declarativo para a situação de ataque no voleibol de praia ­ TCTDA-VP / Validación de contenido del test de conocimiento táctico declarativo para la situación de ataque en voleibol de playa ­ TCTDA-VP

The aim of the study was to establish the content validity of scenes from the Declarative Tactical Knowledge Attack Test in Beach Volleyball (DTKAT-VB). Four experts evaluated 32 attack scenes in real situations of BV game through were assessed the Content Validity Coefficient (CVC) through criteria of language clarity, practical relevance and item representativeness. The results showed that all scenes assessed obtained CVC values greater than 0.80 for all criteria[image clarity (CVC - 0.98); practical relevance (CVC - 0.97); item representativeness (CVC ­ 0.94)], except for one scene, which was excluded. The 31 scenes validated using the CVC enables the evaluation of the declarative tactical knowledge, assisting in the planning of the teaching-learning-training processes of beach volleyball athletes (AU).

O objetivo do estudo foi estabelecer a validade de conteúdo das cenas do Teste de Conhecimento Tático Declarativo do Ataque no Voleibol de Praia (TCTDA-VP). Quatro especialistas avaliaram 32 cenas de ataque em situações reais de jogo de VP foram avaliadas pelo Coeficiente de Validade de Conteúdo (CVC) por meio de critérios de clareza de linguagem, relevância prática e representatividade dos itens. Os resultados mostraram que as cenas avaliadas obtiveram valores de CVC maiores que 0,80 para todos os critérios [clareza da imagem (CVC - 0,98); relevância prática (CVC - 0,97); a representatividade do item (CVC - 0,94)], com exceção de uma cena, sendo assim excluída. As 31 cenas validadas por meio do CVC possibilitam a avaliação do conhecimento tático declarativo, auxiliando no planejamento dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem-treinamento de atletas do voleibol de praia (AU).

El objetivo del estudio fue estabelecer la validación de contenido de las escenas del Teste de Conocimiento Táctico Declarativo del Ataque en el Voleibol de Playa ­ TCTDA-VP. Cuatro especialistas evaluaron 32 escenas de ataque en situaciones reales de juego de VP através del Coeficiente de Validez de Contenido (CVC) através de criterios de claridad del idioma, relevancia práctica y representatividad del elemento. Los resultados mostraron que para todos los criterios [claridad de imagen (CVC - 0.98); relevancia práctica (CVC - 0.97); representatividad del elemento (CVC - 0,94)], obtuvieron un CVC superior a 0,80, excepto por una escena, quedando así excluida. Las 31 escenas validadas por el CVC possibilitaron la evaluación del conocimiento táctico declarativo ayudando em la planificación de los processos de enseñanza-aprendizaje-treinamiento de los deportistas de voleibol de playa (AU).

Physiological and Perceptual Responses to Aerobic Exercise With and Without Blood Flow Restriction.

ABSTRACT: Silva, JCG, Domingos-Gomes, JR, Freitas, EDS, Neto, GR, Aniceto, RR, Bemben, MG, Lima-dos-Santos, A, and Cirilo-Sousa, MS. Physiological and perceptual responses to aerobic exercise with and without blood flow restriction. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2479-2485, 2021-Although previous studies have demonstrated the potential benefits of aerobic exercise (AE) with blood flow restriction (BFR), these findings have been limited by the approaches used to determine the occlusive pressure. In addition, the physiological and perceptual responses of AE with BFR compared to high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) remain unclear. Thus, we investigated the physiological and perceptual responses to AE with and without BFR, and HIIE. Twenty-two men were randomly assigned to 4 experimental conditions: AE (40% of maximal oxygen consumption [V˙o2peak]), AE with 50% of BFR (AE-BFR: 40% VV˙o2peak), HIIE (80% V˙o2peak), and a no exercise control condition (CON: 50% of BFR). Each exercise bout lasted 18 minutes, during which oxygen consumption (V˙o2), heart rate (HR), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at rest and at every 3 minutes during exercise. Ratings of discomfort before and after each trial. The HIIE condition induced the greatest increases in V˙o2 and HR (p < 0.05), whereas AE-BFR was significantly (p < 0.05) greater than AE and CON. HIIE and AE-BFR also elicited the greatest (p < 0.05), but similar (p > 0.05), increases in RPE during exercise, although AE-BFR was significantly greater than HIIE immediately after exercise (p < 0.05). AE-BFR and HIIE also induced similar levels of discomfort after exercise (p > 0.05). In conclusion, HIIE induced the greatest increases in V˙o2 and HR, although the perceptual responses were essentially the same compared with AE-BFR. However, albeit inferior to HIIE, V˙o2 was greater during AE-BFR compared with AE, indicating that this training method may be used to replace HIIE and still significantly elevate V˙o2.

Aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction affects mood state in a similar fashion to high intensity interval exercise.

We investigated the acute effects of aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) on mood state in American football athletes. Twenty-two male American football athletes were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: 1) aerobic exercise (AE: 40% VO2max), 2) aerobic exercise with BRF (AE + BFR: 40% VO2 max), and 3) high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE: 80% and 40% VO2max during exercise and the active intervals, respectively). Mood state and total mood disturbance (TMD) were assessed before, immediately post, and 1 h post-exerciser. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured 30 min post-exercise. AE + BFR and HIIE significantly (p < 0.05) increased fatigue and tension compared to baseline immediately post-exercise, whereas vigor significantly (p < 0.05) decreased at the same time point for both conditions. TMD increased significantly (p < 0.05) for AE + BFR and HIIE immediately post-exercise and it remained elevated up to 1 h post-exercise for AE + BFR. AE did not significantly (p > 0.05) affect mood state or TMD and it was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than AE + BFR and HIIE. AE + BFR and HIIE also elicited significantly (p < 0.05) greater RPE levels than AE 30 min post-exercise. Therefore, AE + BFR induces acute impairments in mood state and RPE levels in a similar fashion to HIIE.

Associação Entre a Técnica Utilizada e o Desempenho Técnico-Tático no Voleibol Escolar Feminino / Association between the Technique Used and the Technical-Tactical Performance in Female School Volleyball

O voleibol é praticado por meio dos fundamentos de saque, recepção de saque, levantamento, ataque, bloqueio e defesa, empregando-se um conjunto de técnicas que podem interferir na qualidade das ações. Deste modo, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a associação da técnica utilizada nas ações do saque, de recepção de saque, do levantamento e do ataque com a qualidade das ações. Participaram do estudo 11 escolas/equipes, que competiram durante os "Jogos Escolares da Paraíba", com idades entre 12 a 14 anos, sendo todos do sexo feminino. Os jogos foram filmados usando uma câmera para análise posterior. Ao total foram analisados 27 jogos, resultando em 47 sets, nas ações de saque (2.380), recepção de saque (2.157), levantamento (1.358) e ataque (1.299). Para classificar a qualidade das ações foram utilizadas duas escalas, de acordo com a finalidade da ação. O teste do Qui-quadrado foi usado para verificar a associação das técnicas aplicadas em cada fundamento com a qualidade das ações. O saque tipo tênis foi o predominante utilizado no saque (81,2%), a manchete para recepção de saque e levantamento (85% e 65,8%, respectivamente) e corte com e sem salto para ataque (∑= 53,6%). Houve associação entre as técnicas e a qualidade da ação de saque (ꭕ2= 114,612; p< 0,001), recepção de saque (ꭕ2= 70,693; p< 0,001), levantamento (ꭕ2= 205,864; p< 0,001) e ataque (ꭕ2= 241,678; p<0,001). Os resultados deste estudo demostram que a técnica interfere na qualidade das ações. Assim, as principais técnicas foram saque tipo tênis (saque), toque (recepção de saque e levantamento) e corte com salto (ataque). (AU)

Volleyball is played by means of fundamentals serve, serve reception, set, attack, block and defense using a set of techniques that can interfere in the quality of actions. The aim of this research was to analyze the association of the technique used in the actions of the serve, serve reception, set and attack with the quality of actions. Eleven schools / teams competed during the "Paraíba School Games", 12 to 14 years old, female. The games were filmed using a camera for further analysis. In the total 27 games were analyzed, resulting in 47 sets, in the actions of serve (2.380), serve reception (2,157), set (1,358) and attack (1,299). To classify the quality of actions, two scales were used according to the purpose of the action. The Chi-square test was used to verify the association of applied techniques in each foundation with the quality of actions. The standing type was the predominant used in the serve (81.2%), forearm pass for serve reception and set (85% and 65,8%, respectively) and spike with and without jump for attack (Σ = 53.6 %). There was association between the techniques and the quality of the serve action (ꭕ2= 114,612; p< 0,001), serve reception (ꭕ2= 70,693; p< 0,001), set (ꭕ2= 205,864; p< 0,001) and attack (ꭕ2= 241,678; p<0,001). The results of this study demonstrate that the technique interferes in the quality of actions. Thus, the main techniques were standing type (serve), overhand (serve reception and set) and spike with jump (attack).(AU).

Indicadores Antropométricos Associados ao Risco Cardiometabólico de Idosas em Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família / Anthropometric Indicators Associated with the Cardiometabolic Risk of Elderly Women in Family Health Support Centers

A antropometria representa um importante instrumento para a efetivação de práticas na atenção primária à saúde e, embora muitos indicadores antropométricos tenham sido utilizados, a razão cintura-estatura (RCE) e o índice de adiposidade corporal (IAC) têm sido pouco explorados neste contexto, especialmente, entre idosos. Portanto, este estudo analisou diferentes indicadores antropométricos associados ao risco cardiometabólico de idosas em Núcleos de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASFs) da cidade de Patos-PB. Em um estudo transversal descritivo, 53 idosas [Média (DP); idade: 72 (6) anos, massa corporal: 66,3 (13,4) kg, estatura: 152,6 (5,1) cm] foram submetidas a medidas antropométricas de massa corporal, estatura e circunferências de cintura (CC), abdômen e quadril. Posteriormente, foram calculados: índice de massa corporal (IMC), RCE, índice de conicidade (IC) e IAC. O relacionamento entre os indicadores antropométricos foi calculado, a partir do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r). Os resultados demonstraram que a maioria das idosas apresentou risco elevado para doenças cardiometabólicas, independentemente dos indicadores empregados. Com exceção do IC, os indicadores antropométricos apresentaram moderados a excelentes relacionamentos entre si (P<0,05). Embora o IAC tenha demonstrado bons relacionamentos, a RCE foi o indicador com correlações mais fortes com os demais (0,606

Anthropometry represents an important tool for the implementation of primary health care practices, and although a lot of anthropometric indices have been used, the waist-height ratio (WHR) and the body adiposity index (BAI) have been little explored in this context, especially among the elderly. Therefore, this study analyzed different anthropometric indicators associated with the cardiometabolic risk of elderly women in Family Health Support Centers (FHSC) in Patos-PB. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 53 elderly women [mean (SD); age: 72 (6) years, body mass: 66.3 (13.4) kg, height: 152.6 (5.1) cm] underwent anthropometric measures of body mass, height and waist (WC), abdomen and hip circumferences. Subsequently, body mass index (BMI), WHR, conicity index (CI) and BAI were calculated. The relationship among the anthropometric indexes was calculated using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Results showed the majority of the elderly presented a high risk for cardiometabolic diseases, regardless of the used index. With the exception of CI, the anthropometric indicators presented moderate to excellent relationships (P<0.05). Although BAI showed good relationships, the WHR was the indicator with stronger correlations with the others (0.606

Health-related physical fitness of military police officers in Paraiba, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: An adequate relationship among health-related physical fitness (HRPF) components improve the professional performance of military police officers (MOPs). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation among HRPF components for Special Police Operations (BOPE) and Traffic Police (BPTRAN) Battalion MOPs. METHOD: The sample comprised 47 male MOPs aged 26 to 49 years old divided in two groups BOPE (N=25) and BPTRAN (n=22). The participants were subjected to a test battery-anthropometric measurements, sit-and-reach test, 1-minute sit-up test, elbow flexion test, and 20-meter shuttle run test-for evaluation of the HRPF morphological, cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular components. RESULTS: Both groups exhibited moderate-to-strong correlation of waste circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP) with localized muscle resistance (LMR) (r=-0.589; r=-0.404; r=-0.637) and dynamic muscle strength (DMS) (r=0.592; r=-0.416; r=-0.651) (p<0.05). Significant positive and negative correlation was found between maximum oxygen consumption and WC, BMI, BFP and LMR (p<0.05) but not with flexibility for BOPE. CONCLUSION: There was strong correlation between the HRPF morphological, cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular components, except for flexibility among BOPE MPOs. The study findings allow inferring that HRPF is a global variable.

INTRODUÇÃO: Boas relações entre os componentes da aptidão física relacionada à saúde (AFRS) melhoram o desempenho da atividade ocupacional de policiais militares. OBJETIVO: Verificar a relação entre componentes da AFRS em policiais militares do Batalhão de Operações Policiais Especiais (BOPE) e do Batalhão de Policiamento de Trânsito (BPTRAN). MÉTODO: Participaram do estudo 47 policiais com idades entre 26 e 49 anos do sexo masculino fracionados em dois grupos: BOPE (n=25) e o BPTRAN (n=22). Foi realizada uma bateria de testes: medidas antropométricas, teste de sentar-e-alcançar no banco de Wells, teste de abdominal de 1 minuto, teste de flexão dos cotovelos e teste vai-e-vem de 20 metros, para avaliar os componentes morfológico, cardiorrespiratório e neuromuscular da AFRS. RESULTADOS: Ambos os grupos obtiveram de moderada à forte correlação negativa significante em relação à circunferência de cintura (CC), índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e percentual de gordura (PG) com a resistência muscular localizada (RML) (r=-0,589; r=-0,404; r=-0,637) e a força muscular dinâmica (FD) (r=0,592; r=-0,416; r=-0,651) (p<0,05). Contudo, houve correlações positivas e negativas significantes entre o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 máx) e as variáveis CC, IMC, PG e RML (p<0,05), exceto para flexibilidade no BOPE. CONCLUSÃO: Existe uma forte correlação entre os componentes morfológico, cardiorrespiratório e neuromuscular, exceto para a flexibilidade em PMs do BOPE. Tal fato permite afirmar que a AFRS é uma variável global.