RESUMO
Recently, the cases of acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (AHUE) in children worldwide have been increasing continuously and rapidly, involving more than 396 cases in 26 countries, and global public health actions, including surveillance, health alerts, research, are being implemented. AHUE mainly affects immunocompetent children with typical acute hepatitis, which can be severe and require liver transplantation. There are few systematic studies at present; the risk factors are unknown, the etiology remains to be established, and the clinical features and pathogenesis remain elucidated. It is urgent to strengthen the monitoring and research of AHUE cases.
Assuntos
Hepatite , Doença Aguda , Criança , Hepatite/etiologia , Humanos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Twenty-one women (propositi) who expressed serious concerns about changes in body habitus during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were evaluated by thorough physical examination, anthropometric measurements, and serum lipid and endocrine assays. The same evaluations were carried out in a comparison group of 21 women who received HAART but did not complain of changes in habitus. No significant demographic differences were found between the propositi and the comparison group, nor were there significant differences in CD4 count or plasma viral load (PVL) between the two groups. Lipid analyses were also performed on plasma obtained prior to HAART from 12 of the women. The frequency of changes reported by the 21 propositi were increase in abdominal size (90%), increase in breast size (71%), weight gain of >5 kg (43%), peripheral fat wasting (43%), buttock fat wasting (38%) and development of cervicodorsal fat pad (19%). A subset of patients in the comparison group experienced increase in abdominal size (29%) and weight gain >5 kg (19%), but none experienced clinically detectable peripheral or buttock fat wasting, increased breast size, or development of cervicodorsal fat pads. Mean waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratios (WHR), body fat, and body mass index (BMI) were above the desirable range for women in both propositi and the comparison group. Levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol associated with increased cardiovascular risk were found in 48%, 62%, 45%, and 33%. respectively, of the propositi, with similar findings in the comparison group. Fasting insulin levels were elevated in 4 propositi and 6 of the comparison group; mean insulin levels were within the normal range for both groups. In the comparison of lipids for the subset of patients before and after HAART therapy, HAART was associated with significant increases in total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and HDL cholesterol. Changes in body habitus caused by redistribution of fat occur commonly in women receiving HAART. Serum lipid abnormalities also are common during HAART and appear to be as frequent in women who do not experience clinically apparent body fat redistribution as in those who do. The observed changes in body fat distribution and in serum lipid levels are alterations that have been strongly correlated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, an understanding of the basis of these phenomena, and the risks with which they may be associated in this population, will be important for therapeutic decision making in women with HIV disease.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Anti-HIV/efeitos adversos , Constituição Corporal , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Lipídeos/sangue , Adulto , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Índice de Massa Corporal , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Colesterol/sangue , Estudos de Coortes , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/metabolismo , Infecções por HIV/patologia , Inibidores da Protease de HIV/efeitos adversos , Inibidores da Protease de HIV/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Insulina/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Tempo , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
A monoclonal antibody to Schistosoma japonicum which conferred significant protection against cercarial challenge in mice was produced. The predicted translation product of the cDNA corresponding to the antigen recognized by this antibody was homologous to a newly identified family of actin-binding proteins. The expressed protein bound polymerized actin and was recognized by serum from patients infected with S. japonicum.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Helmintos/genética , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto , Proteínas de Helminto/genética , Proteínas dos Microfilamentos/genética , Schistosoma japonicum/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Sequência de Bases , Proteínas Sanguíneas/genética , Clonagem Molecular , Imunização Passiva , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Esquistossomose Japônica/prevenção & controle , Homologia de Sequência de AminoácidosRESUMO
A chemically modified electrode (CME) containing 1-(2-pyridylazo-2-naphthol is evaluated for its ability to preconcentrate bismuth(III) prior to quantification by voltammetry. The CME approach is shown to be sufficiently sensitive for sub-nanomolar concentrations to be determinable after chemical deposition for 60 sec. Further, when the bismuth is deposited from iodide-containing sulphuric acid media, the discrimination against interference by copper(II) is significantly better than that obtained with conventional stripping analysis. The results obtained for Bi(III)( in an NBS reference solution agree well with the recommended value.
