Major response of a peritoneal mesothelioma to nivolumab and ipilimumab: a case report, molecular analysis and review of literature.

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare tumor associated with a poor prognosis and a lack of consensus regarding treatment strategies. While the Checkmate 743 trial demonstrated the superiority of first-line nivolumab and ipilimumab over chemotherapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPlM), few studies have assessed the effectiveness of immunotherapy against MPM, due to its rarity. Here, we report a major and sustained 12-month response in a 74-year-old female patient who received the anti-PD-1 nivolumab and the anti-CTLA4 ipilimumab as first-line therapy for diffuse MPM. PD-L1 was expressed and BAP1 expression was lost, as shown by immunohistochemistry, however the BAP1 gene was not mutated. Our findings suggest a role for ICI in non-resectable diffuse MPM exhibiting PD-L1 overexpression and loss of BAP1 expression, and instill new hope in their treatment. To our knowledge, this is the second reported case of dual immunotherapy used as first-line in MPM with a major clinical response. To investigate the clinical outcome, we conducted additional molecular analyses of the MPM tumor and we reviewed the literature on immunotherapy in MPM to discuss the role of PD-L1 and BAP1.

Impact of a procalcitonin-based algorithm on the quality of management of patients with uncomplicated adhesion-related small bowel obstruction assessed by a textbook outcome: a multicenter cluster-randomized open-label controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Acute adhesion-related small bowel obstruction (ASBO) is a common digestive emergency, accounting for 1 to 3% of all digestive emergencies. The efficacy of conservative management in this setting is a subject of debate, as it may delay the decision to perform surgery and increase the frequency of bowel resection (e.g., in the presence of bowel necrosis) or, in contrast, prompt an excessive number of unnecessary laparotomies. Thus, the decision to perform surgery is difficult. We propose that the introduction of the procalcitonin (PCT)-based algorithm improves the quality of the management of patients with ASBO by aiding the decision of whether or not to perform surgery. METHODS: This is a 1:1 cluster-randomized clinical trial (use of algorithm: no algorithm) using an independent computer to ensure that investigators cannot interfere with the randomization. Each cluster will correspond to one investigating center. All patients in a center will be managed in the same way. Before randomization, each principal investigator will provide a commitment to participate in the study to avoid the risk of "empty clusters". The patients included will constitute two parallel arms (use of algorithm versus no algorithm), with no expected crossover between arms. The inclusion criteria are being an adult with uncomplicated acute ASBO (i.e., absence of fever, abdominal pain and distension, nausea and/or vomiting, and the absence of gas and/or stool, in conjunction with a contrast-enhanced CT scan, for patients with previous abdominal surgery) who is able to express consent with a signed written informed consent form. Patients with complicated acute ASBO (strangulation or peritonitis) will be excluded. DISCUSSION: There is an ongoing debate on the management of uncomplicated ASBO. The main points are to avoid a surgery if it is unnecessary and to avoid delayed surgery if it is necessary. Currently, there are no robust criteria to objectively determine the failure of non-surgical treatment or to establish the indications for surgery in acute ASBO. Our team proposes the use of procalcitonin (PCT) to help distinguish patients for whom conservative management is likely to be successful from those for whom surgical management is required. The results from a randomized control trial could help in the selection of patients through clear inclusion and exclusion criteria and simplify or clarify the management algorithm. In conclusion, PCT may be useful in evaluating the proper strategy for ASBO. Trial registration The trial is registered at clinical trials under the reference: NCT03905239.

A lymph node ratio of 10% is predictive of survival in stage III colon cancer: a French regional study.

Lymph node ratio (LNR) (positive lymph nodes/sampled lymph nodes) is predictive of survival in colon cancer. The aim of the present study was to validate the LNR as a prognostic factor and to determine the optimum LNR cutoff for distinguishing between "good prognosis" and "poor prognosis" colon cancer patients. From January 2003 to December 2007, patients with TNM stage III colon cancer operated on with at least of 3 years of follow-up and not lost to follow-up were included in this retrospective study. The two primary endpoints were 3-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) as a function of the LNR groups and the cutoff. One hundred seventy-eight patients were included. There was no correlation between the LNR group and 3-year OS (P=0.06) and a significant correlation between the LNR group and 3-year DFS (P=0.03). The optimal LNR cutoff of 10% was significantly correlated with 3-year OS (P=0.02) and DFS (P=0.02). The LNR was not an accurate prognostic factor when fewer than 12 lymph nodes were sampled. Clarification and simplification of the LNR classification are prerequisites for use of this system in randomized control trials. An LNR of 10% appears to be the optimal cutoff.