[Long-term dental interventions in mentally retarded children under general anesthesia with sevoflurane].

Dental procedures in mentally retarded children is challenging for both dentist and for anesthesiologist. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dental care procedures under general anesthesia with sevoflurane by means of laryngeal mask in mentally retarded children. The randomized controlled study included 65 mentally retarded children with ASA 2-3 who underwent dental treatment. All patients had multiple caries. The children were divided into two groups. The first group included 35 children with normal body weigh while the second one - 30 obese children. All patients received a rapid induction with sevoflurane with the subsequent installation of the laryngeal mask. In the second group the signs of hypoventilation recorded an average of 10 ± 4 minutes after induction of anesthesia, which was manifested in increasing Pсо2greater than 50 mm Hg. In the first group, the signs of hypoventilation marked an average of 18 ± 3.5 minutes from the start of induction of anesthesia. All patients were transferred to the artificial lung ventilation through the LMA. By dental treatment under general anesthesia with sevoflurane and laryngeal mask all mentally retarded children had respiratory depression with increased levels of carbon dioxide greater than 50 mmHg, but obese children developed these signs of hypoventilation twice as fast. Conducting long dental treatment in mentally retarded children require artificial lung ventilation.

Oral feeding in necrotizing pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: Restoration of gastrointestinal function is a crucial determinant of favorable outcome in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review our experience with early oral feeding in patients with the necrotizing form of SAP. Over the last 10 years, we have routinely gradually increased oral feeds in order to restore gastrointestinal function. METHODS: Early low volume oral (ELVO) feeds containing 248-330 kcal/daily were routinely provided for all patients to help stimulate gastrointestinal function. Patients who received ELVO feeding within 72 hours of admission were allocated to Group I; those who received ELVO feeds after 72 hours were allocated to Group II. The volume and calories of the feed, magnitude of systemic inflammation, levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and lipase, incidence of organ dysfunction, main outcomes, and complications were analyzed. RESULTS: In total, 129 patients received ELVO feedings. The mean CRP level on day 7 was 160 +/- 77.6 mg/l in Group I compared to 200.2 +/- 103.2 mg/l in Group II, p = 0.043. Normalization of CRP below 100 mg/l was observed on day 14 in both groups. The rate of infection and the need for surgical intervention (46.8% vs. 26%) were significantly higher in Group II (p = 0.026). Group II also had longer ICU/hospital stays (p = 0.039/p = 0.002). Overall mortality was 10%. CONCLUSIONS: ELVO feeding provides physiologic stimulation and promotes recovery of bowel function, preparing the gastrointestinal tract for low-fat hospital food in patients with necrotizing SAP. The majority of patients required no additional nutritional support.

Phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages in the presence of liposomal "biene".

Phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages isolated from rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was studied during their reaction with multilamellar liposomes containing biene (a complex of unsaturated fatty acids). Liposomes with incorporated biene significantly stimulated phagocytic activity of freshly isolated macrophages and primary culture of these cells (judging from the increase in phagocytic index and phagocytic number). A quantitative relationship between the phagocytic number and phagocytic index, on the one hand, and the concentration of liposomal biene, on the other, was detected. The effects of liposomes containing incorporated biene, liposomes of similar composition without biene, and pure biene substance on cell suspension were compared.

[Fatty acid complex "bien" incorporation into liposomes multilayered].

The conditions of fatty acid complex "bien" incorporation into multilayered liposomes prepared by mechanical dispersion techniques (vortexing) have been investigated. Drug incorporation depends on the lipid composition used to prepare the vesicles, overall lipid and "bien" concentrations and the presence of an antioxidant. Vortexing and incubation regimes for the homogeneous liposomal suspension were determined. The effects of contents of DL-alpha-tocopherol and cholesterol on lipid peroxidation were evaluated.

Activation of molecular oxygen by infrared laser radiation in pigment-free aerobic systems.

With the goal of mimicking the mechanisms of the biological effects of low energy laser irradiation, we have shown that infrared low intensity laser radiation causes oxygenation of the chemical traps of singlet oxygen dissolved in organic media and water saturated by air at normal atmospheric pressure. The photooxygenation rate was directly proportional to the oxygen concentration and strongly inhibited by the singlet oxygen quenchers. The maximum of the photooxygenation action spectrum coincided with the maximum of the oxygen absorption band at 1270 nm. The data provide unambiguous evidence that photooxygenation is determined by the reactive singlet (1)Delta(g )state formed as a result of direct laser excitation of molecular oxygen. Hence, activation of oxygen caused by its direct photoexcitation may occur in natural systems.

[Bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties of Acryloxide copolymer in articular endoprosthesis]. / Bakteritsidnye i bakteriostaticheskie svoistva sopolimera "Akriloksid" pri éndoprotezirovanii sustavov.

Based upon bacteriological investigations the authors have proved bacteriostatic and sometimes bactericidal effects of the polymer material "Acryloxide". Endoprostheses made of it do not require sterilization which was demonstrated in operations of endoprosthesis of joints on 225 patients.