PM2.5 exposure and its interaction of oxidative balance score on ovarian cancer survival: A prospective cohort study.

Recent evidence advises particles with a diameter of 2.5 µm or less (PM2.5) might be a prognostic factor for ovarian cancer (OC) survival. The oxidative balance score (OBS) incorporates diet-lifestyle factors to estimate individuals' anti-oxidant exposure status which may be relevant to cancer prognosis. We aimed to investigate the roles of PM2.5, and OBS and their interaction in OC prognosis. 663 patients with OC were enrolled in the current study. Satellite-derived annual average exposures to PM2.5 based on patients' residential locations. The OBS was calculated based on 16 different diet-lifestyle components derived using an acknowledged self-reported questionnaire. The Cox regression model was performed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS). We also assessed the effect of modification between PM2.5 and OS by OBS via interaction terms. During a median follow-up of 37.57 (interquartile:35.27-40.17) months, 123 patients died. Compared to low-concentration PM2.5 exposure, high PM2.5 during 1 year before diagnosis was associated with worse OC survival (HR= 1.19, 95% CI = 1.01-1.42). We observed an improved OS with the highest compared with the lowest OBS (HR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.27-0.79, P for trend < 0.05). Notably, we also found an additive interaction between low OBS and high exposure to PM2.5, with the corresponding associations of PM2.5 being more pronounced among participants with lower OBS (HR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.09-1.86). PM2.5 may blunt OC survival, but high OBS represented an antioxidative performance that could alleviate the adverse association of PM2.5 and OS.

The association of macronutrient quality and its interactions with energy intake with survival among patients with ovarian cancer: results from a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence supports shifting the focus from the quantity of macronutrients to quality to obtain greater benefits for the prognosis of ovarian cancer (OC). Additionally, despite the high relevance between macronutrient quality and quantity, the interaction of these parameters on OC survival remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: A multidimensional macronutrient quality index (MQI) was applied to investigate the association between overall macronutrient quality and the survival of patients with OC. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted with 701 females diagnosed with OC who were enrolled from 2015 to 2020. Dietary intake information was obtained from a validated food frequency questionnaire. The MQI was calculated based on 3 quality indices: carbohydrate quality index (CQI), fat quality index (FQI), and protein quality index (PQI). Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to calculate HRs and 95% CIs. Furthermore, we evaluated whether energy intake status (total energy intake and energy balance) modified the association between MQI and OC survival. RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 38 (interquartile: 35-40) mo, 130 deaths occurred. The prediagnosis high MQI scores were associated with substantially improved survival among females with OC (HRtertile 3 vs. tertile 1 = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.77). For sub-indices of the MQI, higher CQI (HR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.99), higher FQI (HR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.87), and higher PQI (HR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.94) scores were all associated with better survival. Notably, significant interactions were observed for the MQI score with total energy intake and energy balance as well as the quantity and quality of carbohydrates on survival. CONCLUSIONS: Intake of high-quality macronutrients before diagnosis was associated with improved survival among females with OC, especially for those with energy imbalance.

Nutrients-Rich Food Index Scores and the Overall Survival of Ovarian Cancer Patients: Results from the Ovarian Cancer Follow-Up Study, a Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: The nutrients-rich food (NRF) index provides a score of diet quality. Although high diet quality is associated with survival of ovarian cancer (OC), the associations between NRF index scores and OC survival remain unevaluated. Methods: The prospective cohort study enrolled 703 women with newly diagnosed epithelial OC to assess the correlations between NRF index scores and overall survival (OS) in OC patients. Dietary consumption was evaluated through a food frequency questionnaire and diet quality was calculated based on NRF index scores, including three limited nutrients and six (NRF6.3), nine (NRF9.3), or eleven (NRF11.3) benefit nutrients. All-cause deaths were ascertained through medical records combined with active follow-up. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were conducted to evaluate the expression of IHC indicators (including Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, p53, Vimentin, and Wilms' tumor 1), which were identified by two independent pathologists. The Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied for estimating the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Moreover, we performed the penalized cubic splines model to assess the curvilinear associations of NRF index scores with OC survival. Results: During the median follow-up of 37.17 (interquartile: 24.73-50.17) months, 130 deaths were documented. Compared to the lowest tertiles, the highest tertile of index scores [NRF9.3 (HR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.41-0.95), NRF6.3 (HR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.39-0.89), and NRF11.3 (HR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.38-0.87)] were correlated to better OS, showing an obvious linear trend (all p trend < 0.05). Interestingly, the curvilinear association between the NRF6.3 index score and OC survival was also observed (p non-linear < 0.05). Subgroup analyses, stratified by clinical, demographic, and IHC features, showed similar risk associations as the unstratified results. Furthermore, there were significant multiplicative interactions between NRF index scores and Progestogen Receptors as well as Wilms' tumor 1 expressions (all p interaction < 0.05). Conclusions: Higher NRF index scores were associated with an improved OS in OC patients.

Association between pre-diagnostic dietary antioxidant vitamin consumption and ovarian cancer survival: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Epidemiological evidence regarding the relationship between dietary antioxidant vitamin intake and ovarian cancer (OC) survival is not clear. Herein, we aimed to first evaluate this topic in a prospective cohort study in China. Methods: The present study included participants from the Ovarian Cancer Follow-Up Study, which was a hospital-based prospective cohort study including OC patients who were aged 18 to 79 years during 2015-2020. The information on the intake of antioxidant vitamins, consisting of vitamin A, retinol, α-carotene, ß-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E, and other diet information was obtained through a 111-item food frequency questionnaire. Deaths were recorded until March 31, 2021. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: There were 130 (18.49%) deaths among 703 OC patients during a median 37.19 months follow-up. In the multivariable-adjusted model, the highest tertile of dietary vitamin C (HR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.25-0.75, P for trend <0.05) and ß-carotene intake (HR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.31-0.87, P for trend <0.05) was inversely associated with the overall survival of OC when compared with the lowest tertile group. Retinol, vitamin A, vitamin E, and α-carotene consumption showed no association with OC survival. Of note is that the multiplicative interaction was identified between vitamin C intake and residual lesions in OC survival (P for interaction <0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that pre-diagnostic higher vitamin C and ß-carotene intake was associated with improved OC survival.

Pre-diagnosis fiber : carbohydrate intake ratio and mortality of ovarian cancer: results from a prospective cohort study.

Background: The association between the ratio of fiber to carbohydrate (F : C-R) and cancer mortality is not currently well-known. We prospectively evaluated for the first time the aforementioned topic among ovarian cancer (OC) patients. Methods: A total of 703 newly diagnosed OC patients aged 18-79 years were included. Pre-diagnosis diet intake details were collected with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Deaths were ascertained until March 31, 2021, based on medical records and the cancer registry. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between pre-diagnostic fiber, carbohydrate, and F : C-R intake and OC mortality. Restricted cubic splines were used to analyze the potential nonlinear relationship between F : C-R and OC mortality. Results: During the follow-up period (median: 37.2 months; interquartile: 24.7-50.2 months), we observed 130 (18.49%) OC patients died. The pre-diagnosis higher fiber intake (comparing the highest with the lowest tertile of intake: HR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.35-0.92; HR per 1 SD increment: 0.78, 95% CI = 0.64-0.96; P trend < 0.05) and higher F : C-R intake (comparing the highest with the lowest tertile of intake: HR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.31-0.85; HR per 1-SD increment: 0.73; 95% CI = 0.59-0.91; P trend < 0.05) were significantly associated with lower mortality for OC patients, but no evidence of the association between pre-diagnosis carbohydrate intake and OC mortality was observed. We found no evidence of a nonlinear relationship between F : C-R and OC mortality. Significant inverse associations were also observed for subgroup analyses stratified by age at diagnosis, menopausal status, residual lesions, histological type, FIGO stage, and body mass index, although not all associations showed statistical significance. Conclusion: Pre-diagnosis high fiber intake and high F : C-R diet intake were associated with a decreased risk of OC mortality.

Phytosterol intake and overall survival in newly diagnosed ovarian cancer patients: An ambispective cohort study.

Background: Phytosterol is a bioactive compound existing in all plant foods, which might have anticancer properties. The aim of this study was to first assess the impact of the pre-diagnosis phytosterol intake on overall survival (OS) of patients with ovarian cancer (OC). Materials and methods: This ambispective cohort study recruited 703 newly diagnosed OC patients to investigate the aforementioned associations. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 111-item food frequency questionnaire. Deaths were ascertained until March 31, 2021, through active follow-up and medical records. Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: During the median follow-up of 37.17 months, 130 deaths occurred. The median age at diagnosis of 703 OC patients was 53.00 (interquartile: 48.00-60.00) years. Of these, almost half patients (48.08%) were diagnosed in advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage (III-IV). Additionally, more than half patients were serous carcinoma (68.14%), poorly differentiated (85.21%), and no residual lesions (78.66%). Patients consumed the highest tertile of dietary campesterol (HR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.31-0.94, P trend < 0.05), stigmasterol (HR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.37-0.98), and ß-sitosterol (HR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.40-0.99) were significantly associated with better OS compared with those with the lowest tertile of intake. The curvilinear associations were observed between total phytosterols and ß-sitosterol intake and OC survival (P non-linear < 0.05). Significant associations were generally consistent across different subgroups stratified by demographical, clinical, and immunohistochemical characteristics. Moreover, there were significant interactions between phytosterol intake and age at diagnosis, body mass index, as well as expressions of Wilms' tumor-1 and Progestogen Receptor (all P interaction < 0.05). Conclusion: Pre-diagnosis higher campesterol, stigmasterol, and ß-sitosterol intake were associated with better survival among OC patients.

Fabrication of spherical silica amino-functionalized microporous organic network composites for high performance liquid chromatography.

Microporous organic networks (MONs) are a potential class of microporous materials in analytical chemistry. As great efforts have been made in sample pretreatment and gas chromatography, the application of MONs in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has largely lagged and has never been investigated. In addition, directly packing of MONs into columns for HPLC is impractical due to the high column pressure and low column efficiency resulted from the sub-micron sized and irregular MONs. To solve these issues and uncover the possibility of MONs in HPLC, here we report the fabrication of spherical silica amino-functionalized MON (SiO2@MON-NH2) composite as a novel stationary phase for HPLC. Neutral, acidic and alkaline probes were evaluated on SiO2@MON-NH2 packed column. A column efficiency of 21,246 plates per meter was obtained for n-propylbenzene. The results revealed the hydrophobic interaction was the main separation mechanism on SiO2@MON-NH2 packed column. Baseline separation of benzenediol, dichlorophenol, chlorophenol and phenylenediamine position isomers, deoxynucleosides and nucleosides was also achieved on SiO2@MON-NH2 packed column. The relative standard deviations of retention time, peak height and peak area for the studied position isomers, deoxynucleosides and nucleosides were 0.2-0.7%, 0.3-3.7% and 1.7-3.5%, respectively. The SiO2@MON-NH2 packed column also offered better resolution for dichlorophenol isomers, deoxynucleosides and nucleosides than SiO2-NH2 and commercial C18 columns. These results revealed the potential of MONs in HPLC and also provided a new way for the use of nano-sized or irregular MONs in HPLC.

Synthesis of magnetic amino-functionalized microporous organic network composites for magnetic solid phase extraction of endocrine disrupting chemicals from water, beverage bottle and juice samples.

In this work, the magnetic amino-functionalized microporous organic network composites (Fe3O4@MON-NH2) were rational designed and facile synthesized for magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), followed by their analysis with high-performance liquid chromatography. The incorporation of amino groups (hydrogen bonding sites) into hydrophobic MON-NH2 networks led to their good enrichment for four typical EDCs bisphenol A (BPA), 4-alpha-cumylphenol (4-α-CP), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) relying on the pre-designed hydrogen bonding, π-π and hydrophobic interactions. The combination of MON-NH2 shell and magnetic Fe3O4 core provided a fast extraction of BPA, 4-α-CP, 4-t-OP and 4-NP from matrix solution. Under the optimal conditions, the developed method offered good linearity (R2 > 0.990) in the range of 0.05-1000 µg L-1, low limits of detection (S/N = 3) of 0.015-0.030 µg L-1 and large enrichment factors of 172-197 for the studied EDCs. The maximum adsorption capacities of BPA, 4-α-CP, 4-t-OP and 4-NP were 124.1, 105.6, 116.6 and 117.9 mg g-1, respectively. The Fe3O4@MON-NH2 gave larger selectivity for other polar phenols than non-polar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, revealing the dominant role of hydrogen bonding interaction during the extraction and the potential of Fe3O4@MON-NH2 for other polar phenols. The developed method was successfully applied for the analysis of EDCs in water, orange juice and beverage bottle samples with the recoveries of 80.3-109.5%. These results revealed the potential of functional MONs as efficient adsorbents in sample pretreatment.