Explaining Screen-Time Behavior Among Preschoolers in Northern India Using Multi Theory Model: A Parental Cross-Sectional Survey.

BACKGROUND: Screen-time (ST) is the time spent on digital media. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the daily ST of less than an hour for preschoolers. However, increased ST among preschoolers is becoming a public health concern. OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the multi-theory model (MTM)'s applicability in explaining the ST behavior change among preschoolers through parents. METHODS: A quota sample of 72 parents was drawn from Northern India. Data were analyzed using multiple regression. RESULTS: Behavioral confidence (p < 0.001) and changes in the physical environment (p < 0.001) significantly predicted the initiation of reducing ST. The sustenance of limiting ST was significantly predicted by the emotional transformation (p < 0.001), practice for change (p < 0.001), and changes in the social environment (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the usability of the MTM model in designing and testing interventions for parents to limit ST among their children.

Auxiliary Aids to Alleviate Pain and Anxiety during Local Anesthesia Administration: A Comparative Study.

INTRODUCTION: In dentistry, pain and anxiety have been the most challenging aspect in the management of a pediatric patient. When every effort to perform local anesthesia (LA) is not successful, the result would be more stressful for both the dentist and the patient. The so-called clichéd paradigm that "pain and dentistry are inseparable" can be resolved by updating the knowledge and skills of the practitioner by using the more advanced techniques in controlling and managing the pain. An array of techniques for administering the LA to improve the comfort level of our patients has been the area of interest. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of various adjunctive aids of LA in reducing pain and anxiety in pediatric patients of the 6-8 years age-group. A total of 90 child dental patients were selected and randomly divided into six groups, i.e., control, topical gel, audio, audiovisual, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS), and Vibraject group. Physiological parameters, psychological parameters, and pain assessment were recorded. RESULTS: As reflected by the results, the minimum pulse rate "during" and "after" LA administration is seen in A/V (D) and TENS (E) "during" LA administration. Children were less anxious and more relaxed in the audiovisual group and TENS group. Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation and Vibraject groups showed maximum reduction in pain. CONCLUSION: A/V (D) and TENS (E) groups exhibited the least anxiety. Also, the minimum pain was felt using TENS (E) and Vibraject (F) and hence, may be considered as adjunctive aids in pain reduction during LA administration. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Midha V, Midha V, Dua R, et al. Auxiliary Aids to Alleviate Pain and Anxiety during Local Anesthesia Administration: A Comparative Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(1):104-108.

Salutogenesis: A New Approach toward Oral Health Promotion.

INTRODUCTION: Sense of coherence (SOC) is hypothesized to be an important psychological factor that enables people to cope with stressors and successfully maintain and improve health. Very few publications report on the relationship between "salutogenesis," as measured by the concept of SOC and oral health status. However, little is known about the relationship between the mother's SOC and dental caries of their children. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of mother's SOC level on dental caries status of their children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted with the children aged 4-8 years attending public school (n = 200). Questionnaires were applied to mothers to obtain level of SOC. Dental caries status in children was assessed using decayed, missing, filled tooth surfaces (DMFS) and/or dmfs index. One-way analysis of variance F-test and post hoc Tukey test were used to assess the effect of mother's SOC level on their children's caries dmfs index. RESULTS: Mean of dmfs and/or DMFS in children showed statistically significant relation with their mother's SOC level (P < 0.01). On intergroup comparison, significant (P < 0.01) difference was found when mean of dmfs and/or DMFS with mothers having low SOC and high SOC was compared. However, there was no significant relation when mean was compared to mothers with medium and low SOC. CONCLUSION: Dental caries of children gets influenced by mother's SOC level. There was an inverse relationship between mother's SOC level and their children dental caries status.

Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of audio and audiovisual distraction aids in the management of anxious pediatric dental patients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare audio and audiovisual distraction aids in management of anxious pediatric dental patients of different age groups and to study children's response to sequential dental visits with the use of distraction aids. STUDY DESIGN: This study was conducted on two age groups, that is, 4-6 years and 6-8 years with 30 patients in each age group on their first dental visit. The children of both the age groups were divided into 3 subgroups, the control group, audio distraction group, audiovisual distraction group with 10 patients in each subgroup. Each child in all the subgroups had gone through three dental visits. Child anxiety level at each visit was assessed by using a combination of anxiety measuring parameters. The data collected was tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: Tukey honest significant difference post-hoc test at 0.05% level of significance revealed audiovisual group showed statistically highly significant difference from audio and control group, whereas audio group showed the statistically significant difference from the control group. CONCLUSION: Audiovisual distraction was found to be a more effective mode of distraction in the management of anxious children in both the age groups when compared to audio distraction. In both the age groups, a significant effect of the visit type was also observed.

Prevalence, causes, and correlates of traumatic dental injuries among seven-to-twelve-year-old school children in Dera Bassi.

AIM: The paper aims to present a study conducted in Dera Bassi, Mohali, India. The purpose of the study was to ascertain the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in children of age group 7-12 years in private schools in Gulabgarh village. MATERIAL #ENTITYSTARTX00026; METHOD: Age & sex distribution, etiological factors, risk factors and cause of injury were the parameters taken into consideration. The data collected was processed and analyzed using the SPSS statistical software program. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of dental trauma was 14.5%, amongst the 880 subjects examined, out of which, 63.2% males and 36.4% females were found to be affected. The maxillary central incisor was found to be most commonly affected tooth (43.8%). The most common cause of injury reported was fall during playing (37.5%). CONCLUSION: Enamel fracture was most prevalent (50%). No risk factor was significantly higher than others; however children with Angle's class II div 1 malocclusion exhibited greater risk factor for traumatic injuries.

In vitro evaluation of the effect of post system and length on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated human anterior teeth.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of post system and length on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated human anterior teeth. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Seventy-five extracted human incisors were endodontically treated, out of which 60 were decoronated 2 mm above the cementoenamel junction and divided into two experimental groups based on the type of post system to be used: glass fiber post (GFP) and Ribbond fiber post groups (RFP). Endodontically treated human anterior teeth in which no post was placed served as control group. Each group was divided into two subgroups according to the length of post space: 5 and 10 mm and all the samples were restored with metal crowns. The fracture resistance was measured by applying loads at an angle of 130° to the long axis of teeth in an Instron universal testing machine. RESULTS: The results revealed that GFP group at 10-mm post space length showed the significantly highest fracture resistance (740.2133 N) among all groups and subgroups. Decrease in post length resulted in the decrease in fracture resistance in GFP group (425.1867 N), whereas in group RFP 5-mm subgroup (299.6200 N) showed significantly higher fracture resistance than 10-mm subgroup (216.9300 N) but lesser than the control (437.8733 N) in both the subgroups. CONCLUSION: Glass fiber posts efficiently increase the fracture resistance of an endodontically treated tooth but the determination of optimal post length is also essential. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The present investigation highlights the significance of using glass fiber posts in the restoration of endodontically treated teeth. Endodontically treated teeth restored with glass fiber posts showed increased fracture strength and favorable mode of fracture, and are therefore highly recommended to achieve better clinical outcomes.