Effects of flurbiprofen axetil on postoperative serum IL-2 and IL-6 levels in patients with colorectal cancer.

We explored the effects of flurbiprofen axetil on interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 levels in postoperative patients with colorectal cancer. A total of 120 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II) scheduled to undergo colorectal cancer surgery were randomly divided into 3 groups (N = 40 in each group): flurbiprofen axetil group (group F), morphine group (group M), and tramadol group (group T). Group M received 0.1 mg/kg morphine, group T received 1.5 mg/kg tramadol, and group F received 1.5 mg/kg flurbiprofen axetil. Patients in the 3 groups were administered treatments through intravenous injection 10 min before surgery. Serum IL-2 and IL-6 levels were detected. Postoperative adverse reactions were recorded, such as nausea, vomiting, and pruritus. The serum IL-6 level of the 3 groups increased 3 h after surgery. Compared with group M, IL-6 level was higher in group T and group F at 1 day after the surgery, and the differences between group M and the other groups were significant (P < 0.05). Moreover, the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly different among 3 groups (P < 0.05). Flurbiprofen axetil promoted the secretion of IL-2 and inhibited IL-6; additionally, flurbiprofen axetil may have a lower incidence of adverse reactions compared to other treatments.

Meta-analysis of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 gene +6230G/A polymorphism and cancer risk.

OBJECTIVES: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4, CD152) is one of the most fundamental immunosuppressive cytokines that inhibits T-cell activation and terminates the T-cell response by blocking signals stimulated via CD28. A number of studies have assessed the association between CTLA-4 +6230G/A polymorphism and cancer risk. However, the results remain controversial. METHODS: In the present study, we performed a meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship. A comprehensive literature search was performed using the PubMed database for relevant articles published (updated to November 21, 2013). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association. RESULTS: A total of 13 articles with 14 studies were selected for this meta-analysis, including 4,489 cases and 4,715 controls. Combined analysis revealed no associations between CTLA-4 +6230G/A polymorphism and cancer risk. However, in stratified analysis by cancer type, we found that CTLA-4 +6230G/A polymorphism was associated with the risk of breast cancer (AA vs. AG + GG: OR = 0.77, 95 % CI 0.60-0.97, P = 0.03; AA vs. GG: OR = 0.66, 95 % CI 0.46-0.95, P = 0.02) and cervical cancer (AA vs. AG + GG: OR = 0.56, 95 % CI 0.42-0.75, P < 0.01). Additionally, in subgroup analysis based on ethnicity, significant association was also found between the CTLA-4 +6230G/A polymorphism and cancer risk in the Asian population (AA vs. AG + GG: OR = 0.71, 95 % CI 0.59-0.84, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis indicates that CTLA-4 +6230G/A polymorphism may be associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer and cervical cancer in Chinese population.

[Relationship between the axially lymph nodes metastases and the bone metastases in patients with the breast cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the axially lymph nodes metastases and the bone metastases in patients with the breast cancer. METHODS: Lymphadenotomy of the axially lymph nodes had been performed on patients with the breast cancer, and the excised axially lymph nodes were observed by pathological examination. All patients underwent postoperatively total bone scan with single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) periodically. RESULTS: Among 292 patients with the breast cancer, the bone metastatic rates of low and high differentiating tumor were 27.3% (6/22) and 45.2% (122/272) respectively, the bone metastatic rates in both tumors had no difference (P > 0.1). The bone metastatic rate was 54.3% (100/184) in patients suffered from the axially lymph nodes metastases, and 25.9% (28/108) in non-metastases patients respectively, the difference of their bone metastatic rates was significant (P < 0.001). The bone metastatic rate was 48.4% (62/128) in patients suffered from the metastases of axially lymph nodes after operation less 2 years, and 67.8% (38/56) after operation more than 2 years respectively, the difference of their bone metastatic rates was not significant (P < 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: There is no relationship between the bone matastatic rates and the pathological type of tumor. The bone metastatic rates of patients with the axially lymph nodes metastases are higher than those with non-metastases of axially lymph nodes. In addition, the bone metastatic rates of patients with the axially lymph nodes metastases increase with time prolongation.