Dataset on onshore groundwaters and offshore submarine spring of a Mediterranean karst aquifer during flow reversal and saltwater intrusion.

Groundwater from various shallow and deep reservoirs converges in interaction with marine waters into the limestone aquifer of the Balaruc peninsula (Thau lagoon, southern France). This aquifer faces temporary phenomena of marine water intrusion through the Vise submarine spring located at -29.5 m below the lagoon level. Since the 1960s, seven flow reversal phenomena have occurred, the last one occurring between 11/28/2020 and 03/14/2022. During these phenomena, which can last from a few weeks to several months, the salty water is absorbed from the lagoon to the conduit of the submarine spring, which leads to the salinization of the underlying karst aquifer. The monitoring of flow, water specific conductivity and water temperature data from the karst submarine spring is a key element of the research project to understand the hydrogeological functioning of the karst aquifer under normal conditions or during flow reversal periods. This monitoring allows the characterization of the (in- or out-) flows at the submarine spring, the evaluation of the volume or mass balances, the identification of the hydrogeological and physico-chemical responses (water temperature, specific conductivity) observed within the karstic aquifer. Here, we present the means implemented offshore to acquire data at the submarine spring over the 06/25/2019 - 12/31/2022 time period together with lagoon water's physico-chemical parameters and levels and onshore groundwater's physico-chemical parameters and levels acquired at springs and boreholes from the karst aquifer.

Women's attractiveness is linked to expected age at menopause.

A great number of studies have shown that features linked to immediate fertility explain a large part of the variance in female attractiveness. This is consistent with an evolutionary perspective, as men are expected to prefer females at the age at which fertility peaks (at least for short-term relationships) in order to increase their reproductive success. However, for long-term relationships, a high residual reproductive value (the expected future reproductive output, linked to age at menopause) becomes relevant as well. In that case, young age and late menopause are expected to be preferred by men. However, the extent to which facial features provide cues to the likely age at menopause has never been investigated so far. Here, we show that expected age at menopause is linked to facial attractiveness of young women. As age at menopause is heritable, we used the mother's age at menopause as a proxy for her daughter's expected age of menopause. We found that men judged faces of women with a later expected age at menopause as more attractive than those of women with an earlier expected age at menopause. This result holds when age, cues of immediate fertility and facial ageing were controlled for. Additionally, we found that the expected age at menopause was not correlated with any of the other variables considered (including immediate fertility cues and facial ageing). Our results show the existence of a new correlate of women's facial attractiveness, expected age at menopause, which is independent of immediate fertility cues and facial ageing.

Recurrencia luego del tratamiento conservador en cáncer de mama: su relación con la edad y factores inmunohistoquímicos / Recurrence after breast cancer conservative treatment: relationship with age and immunohistochemical factors

La estrategia terapéutica para los tumores de mama en estadios tempranos ha sido establecida desde fines del siglo XX; es entonces que al tratamiento quirúrgico conservador y la radioterapia se sumó el ganglio centinela y el tratamiento adyuvante, de acuerdo a parámetros pre- y posoperatorios. Sin embargo, existe en todas las series una tasa de recurrencia local, y se ha podido determinar en parte cuáles son los factores de la paciente, anatómicos e histológicos, que predisponen a tal evento, a partir de hallazgos posoperatorios.También existe una tasa de enfermedad regional y a distancia, derivando en la necesidad de identificar factores de predicción que puedan sugerir la necesidad de una terapéutica más agresiva en pacientes susceptibles. Por otra parte, la clasificación molecular de los tumores de mama descripta por Perou y cols. pone en evidencia características inherentes a cada tumor, permitiendo establecer subtipos con implicancia clínica. A partir del análisis de nuestra estadística, en la que presentamos pacientes con cáncer de mama inicial que han recibido un tratamiento conservador, los objetivos planteados son: Presentar las tasas de eventos locales, regionales, a distancia y sobrevida luego de 15 años de experiencia en tratamiento conservador, y determinar si existe en nuestra serie una relación entre estos eventos, la edad de las pacientes y la clasificación molecular de los tumores. Establecer a partir de los resultados su implicancia a nivel asistencial.

Indication of reactor ν(e) disappearance in the Double Chooz experiment.

The Double Chooz experiment presents an indication of reactor electron antineutrino disappearance consistent with neutrino oscillations. An observed-to-predicted ratio of events of 0.944±0.016(stat)±0.040(syst) was obtained in 101 days of running at the Chooz nuclear power plant in France, with two 4.25 GW(th) reactors. The results were obtained from a single 10 m(3) fiducial volume detector located 1050 m from the two reactor cores. The reactor antineutrino flux prediction used the Bugey4 flux measurement after correction for differences in core composition. The deficit can be interpreted as an indication of a nonzero value of the still unmeasured neutrino mixing parameter sin(2)2θ(13). Analyzing both the rate of the prompt positrons and their energy spectrum, we find sin(2)2θ(13)=0.086±0.041(stat)±0.030(syst), or, at 90% C.L., 0.017

Behavioral intervention for problem behavior in children with fragile X syndrome.

Parents and professionals typically report problem behavior as a significant concern for children with fragile X syndrome. In the present study, the authors explored whether behaviorally based interventions would result in a reduction in problem behavior and an improvement in quality of life for 3 children with fragile X syndrome and their families. A multiple baseline design was used to demonstrate intervention effects for specific high-priority contexts (i.e., bedtime, running errands, and toileting). A multicomponent intervention plan was developed to teach the parents and child to effectively cope with the particular context. After intervention, there were substantial improvements in problem behavior and family quality of life within the given contexts. Results of this study demonstrated the effectiveness of behavioral intervention for children with fragile X syndrome.

Human cytokine expression profile in various conditioned media for in vitro expansion bone marrow and umbilical cord blood immunophenotyped mesenchymal stem cells.

INTRODUCTION: Bone marrow (BM) represents the major source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); however, umbilical cord blood (UCB) MSCs have some advantages over BM, such as a higher differentiation capability and noninvasive collection methods. OBJECTIVES: We compared antigen expression and cytokine-secretion by MSC from BM and UCB expanded with media supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS) or human platelet lysate (HPL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared protocols for the expansion of hMSC starting from samples of BM or UCB by morphological analysis, calculation of population doubling numbers, and cytometry techniques using monoclonal antibodies (BD Biosciences). Using the last technique, cytokines were detected in brain homogenate supernatant fluids of MSC cultured in various media, using the Bio-Plex cytokine assay system (BD Biosciences). RESULTS: Calculating the number population doubling (PD) and colony-forming unit-(1)fibroblast (CFU-F) assays showed significantly better expansion with HPL compared with a selected batch of FBS and within fewer days: PD about 5 for 10%HPL versus 25 for fibroblast growth factor2 (FGF2) medium. By flow cytometry, we observed a greater number of BM MSCs compared with UCB MSCs, as well as differences in the expression of some MSC antigens, particularly CD105, CD90, and CD31. Analysis of cytokines: FGFb, RANTES, VEGF, IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF, and GM-CSF showed only some of them to be expressed: namely, IL-6, IL-8, and VEGF. MSCs derived from UCB showed low concentrations of these cytokines compared with MSCs derived from BM.

Study of the tools available in biological dosimetry to estimate the dose in cases of accidental complex overexposure to ionizing radiation: the Lilo accident.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficiency of different cytogenetic tools in estimating the doses received by four people involved in the Lilo accident and to monitor the dose estimate over 4.5 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Several young Georgian frontier guards handled at least one of the 12 Caesium sources found in a former Russian military camp. Overexposure lasted from July 1996 to May 1997. The Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) obtained blood samples taken at several intervals post-exposure from the four most highly-exposed people. Dose estimation was performed using dicentric and translocation scoring. RESULTS: The first dose estimations performed by dicentric scoring gave whole-body doses ranging from 0.4 to 1.3 Gy. Overexposure was complex and several mathematical models were used to take this complexity into account. This could provide information concerning the circumstances of overexposure. Concerning follow-up, the yield of dicentrics decreased by about 50% in the first 4 months following the end of overexposure whereas translocations were stable over the period of analysis. CONCLUSION: It has been useful to compare cytogenetic results with clinical results. The results presented here reveal good stability of translocations. However the first dose estimation was not attempted until 6 months after the last exposure.

Oportunidad en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la malaria en comunidades periurbanas de la Amazonía Peruana / Assessment of the opportunity in malaria diagnosis and treatment in periurban communities from the Peruvian Amazon basin

Objetivos: Evaluar la capacidad del Ministerio de Salud (MINSA) para el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno demalaria en las comunidades periféricas de la ciudad de Iquitos. Materiales y métodos: En el año 2001 se entrevistó a pacientes febriles atendidos por promotores de salud debido a la sospecha de malaria, se contrastó lo obtenido en las entrevistas con las fichas de tratamiento y los registros de resultados de gota gruesa en los centros de salud de la jurisdicción. Resultados: Transcurrió un promedio de tres días entre la toma de la muestra y la obtención de resultado de gota gruesa por el promotor. De los 200 febriles encuestados, 71 (35 por ciento) tuvo resultado de gota gruesapositivo. Los promotores iniciaron tratamiento presuntivo en 28 (39 por ciento) de estos casos, pero el tratamiento fue adecuado a la especie sólo en 19 (26 por ciento). Asimismo, los promotores iniciaron tratamiento presuntivo para malaria a 13 (10 por ciento) febriles con gota gruesa negativa. Conclusiones: En las comunidades periféricas de Iquitos los pacientescon malaria tienen que esperar en promedio tres días para un tratamiento adecuado, los pacientes buscan atención rápidamente pero las demoras dependen de la organización de los servicios.

Objectives: To assess the Ministry of Health's (MINSA) capacities to timely diagnoses and treat malaria in the communities from the outskirts of Iquitos city. Materials and methods: Febrile patients suspected to have malaria and evaluated by health care workers were interviewed. Information obtained from interviews was contrasted with patient treatment forms and records of thick smear results from the health centers within jurisdiction. Results: There was an average difference of three days between sampling and obtainment of thick smear result by the health worker. 71 out of 200 febrile interviewees (35%) had a positive thick smear result. Health care workers started presumptive treatment in 28 (39%) of these cases, but it was adequate to the species only in 19 (26%). Likewise, health care workers started presumptive treatment for malaria in 13 (10%) febrile subjects with negative thick smears. Conclusions: Patients with malaria from the outskirts of Iquitos have to wait an average of 3 days to obtain adequate treatment. Patients seek to be treated in a timely manner, but delays are due to the organization of services.

Challenges in evaluating psychosocial interventions for Autistic Spectrum Disorders.

In 2002, the National Institutes of Health sponsored a meeting concerning methodological challenges of research in psychosocial interventions in Autism Spectrum Disorders. This paper provides a summary of the presentations and the discussions that occurred during this meeting. Recommendations to federal and private agencies included the need for randomized clinical trials of comprehensive interventions for autism as the highest, but not the sole priority. Ongoing working groups were proposed to address psychosocial interventions with a focus on relevant statistics, standardized documentation and methods of diagnosis, development of outcome measures, establishment of standards in research; and the need for innovative treatment designs, including application of designs from other research areas to the study of interventions in ASD.

International intercomparison for criticality dosimetry: the case of biological dosimetry.

The Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN) organized a biological dosimetry international intercomparison with the purpose of comparing (i) dicentrics yield produced in human lymphocytes; (ii) the gamma and neutron dose estimate according to the corresponding laboratory calibration curve. The experimental reactor SILENE was used with different configurations: bare source 4 Gy, lead shield 1 and 2 Gy and a 60Co source 2 Gy. An increasing variation of dicentric yield per cell was observed between participants when there were more damages in the samples. Doses were derived from the observed dicentric rates according to the dose-effect relationship provided by each laboratory. Differences in dicentric rate values are more important than those in the corresponding dose values. The doses obtained by the participants were found to be in agreement with the given physical dose within 20%. The evaluation of the respective gamma and neutron dose was achieved only by four laboratories, with some small variations among them.

Biological estimates of dose to inhabitants of Belarus and Ukraine following the Chernobyl accident.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how well various assays on blood can detect radiation dose to people exposed many years previously and, if possible, to estimate that dose. The assays were applied to persons resident close to Chernobyl in 1986. Blood samples were taken 13-15 years after the reactor accident. The assays used were the frequencies of lymphocyte chromosomal translocations, micronuclei, HPRT mutations and apoptotic cells. Translocation yields in the exposed groups were marginally higher than in their respective controls, leading to dose estimates of about 0.2 Gy but with large uncertainties. All other assays showed inconsistency from person to person or other variations apparently not related to dose. The measurement of translocations, it is concluded, is the biological method of choice for retrospective dosimetry.

Clearance of radiation-induced apoptotic lymphocytes: ex vivo studies and an in vitro co-culture model.

Lymphocytes are very sensitive to radiation. Our aim was to test the possibility of detecting apoptosis in lymphocytes as a potential short-term biomarker of ionizing radiation exposure. Our in vitro data confirmed the dose-time-effect relationships involved in radiation-induced apoptosis. The detection of in vivo induction of apoptosis in circulating lymphocytes after exposure of animals to radiation appears to depend critically on the technique used to measure apoptosis. Among the different techniques we investigated, mitochondrial modification was the most appropriate; they allowed establishment of dose-time-effect relationships when animals were observed for 72 h. A model of in vitro phagocytosis of apoptotic lymphocytes by macrophages was developed to mimic clearance of apoptotic cells occurring in vivo. Together, our data show that mitochondrial labeling may make it possible to detect ex vivo radiation-induced apoptosis of lymphocytes before macrophage ingestion occurs. We propose the measurement of apoptosis in lymphocytes as a potential short-term biomarker of ionizing radiation exposure.

A new image analysis system for biological dosimetry by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Step 1: metaphase finder and automatic metaphase acquisition validation.

Because of the large number of cells to be analyzed in cases of overexposure to ionizing radiation, an automated imaging system is desirable for scoring both translocations and dicentrics. This system should include three essential steps: automatic metaphase finding, automatic image capture at high magnification, and, finally, optimized data analysis for aberration interpretation. We evaluated a new image analysis system (CYTOGEN, IMSTAR, France) and found that its metaphase finder saved time, as much as quadrupling the speed of scoring chromosomal aberrations. Automatic metaphase selection did not appear to induce bias. We confirmed the equivalence of observing aberrations on a screen after automatic image capture and direct observation under a microscope. This work validated all of the steps necessary for obtaining images for automatic chromosomal aberration detection. The protocols for the detection of translocations may now be applied for biological dosimetry. This step will be validated in a future study.

Cross-linking of human FcgammaRIIIb induces the production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor by polymorphonuclear neutrophils.

We have reported that human autoantibodies reacting with the polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)-anchored FcgammaRIIIb (CD16) protect these cells from spontaneous apoptosis. In this study, we used anti-CD16 F(ab')(2) to delineate the mechanism(s) whereby the PMN life span is extended. As documented using four methods, CD16 cross-linking impeded spontaneous apoptosis, whereas anti-CD18 F(ab')(2) exerted no effect. Incubation of PMNs with anti-CD16 prevented the up-regulation of beta(2) integrins, particularly CD11b, which is the alpha-chain of complement receptor type 3, but also CD18, which is its beta-chain, as well as CD11a and CD11c. Anti-CD16-conditioned supernatant of PMNs diminished the percentage of annexin V-binding fresh PMNs after another 18 h in culture, whereas the negative control anti-CD18 had no effect. The expression of mRNA for G-CSF and GM-CSF was induced by anti-CD16, followed by the release of G-CSF and GM-CSF in a dose-dependent manner. Anti-G-CSF and anti-GM-CSF mAbs abrogated the antiapoptotic effect of the related growth factors. The delay in apoptosis was accompanied by a down-regulated expression of Bax, and a partial reduction of caspase-3 activity. These data suggest an autocrine involvement of anti-CD16-induced survival factors in the rescue of PMNs from spontaneous apoptosis. Thus, apoptosis of aged PMNs can be modulated by signaling through FcgammaRIIIb, which may occur in patients with PMN-binding anti-FcgammaRIIIb autoantibodies.

Malaria por plasmodium falciparum en adultos hospitalizados de Iquitos: aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos / Malarie for plasmodium falciparum in adults hospitalized of Iquitos: clinical and epidemiological aspects

En este estudio prospectivo, se evaluaron los pacientes con diagnóstico de malaria por Plasmodium falciparum en el Servicio de Medicina del Hospital de Apoyo Iquitos (Loreto). Ingresaron 393 de 491 pacientes con diagnósticos de Malaria por P. falciparum. La edad promedio fue de 36 años; no hubo una predominancia significativa de alguno de los sexos masc:51.7 por ciento / fem: 48.3 por ciento; el tiempo promedio de enfermedad fue de 6 días; con un tiempo de hospitalización de 4 días (3-5); los síntomas y signos más frecuentes fueron: Alza térmica: 99.2 por ciento; Cefalea: 96.8 por ciento; Escalofrios : 94.4 por ciento; Vómitos: 60.9 por ciento; Hepatomegalia: 62.2 porciento. De todos los pacientes estudiados con Plasmodium falciparum el 37.5 por ciento tuvo F+++, y 27.3 por ciento con F++. Las líneas terapeúticas más usadas fueron: Fansidar-Primaquina (F-P): 43.9 por ciento; Quinina-Tetraciclina (Q-T): 43.1 por ciento. No se encontró diferencia estadística en el tiempo de negativización de la gota gruesa, el tiempo de caida del alza térmica y el tiempo de hospitalización para las diferentes líneas de tratamiento. 31.3 por ciento (123/393), se diagnóstico como malaria grave-complicada, siendo las complicaciones más frecuentes: trastorno del sensorio: 39.8 por ciento; intolerancia gastrica: 42.3 por ciento; ictericia: 32.5 por ciento; retención nitrogenada: 22 por ciento. Se tuvo una tasa de letalidad a nivel hospitalario del 4.2 por ciento (33/494).

The cytogenetic dosimetry of recent accidental overexposure.

When accidental exposure to ionizing radiations is suspected, optimal choice of a treatment strategy requires, in addition to information about the clinical signs and physical dosimetry, a determination by biological parameters of the dose received. The scoring of unstable chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes is the current reference method. Preparation of these samples depends on the goal sought--an exact assessment of several irradiations or rapid triage in the case of a large-scale accident. Moreover, some adaptation may be necessary if the irradiation is either heterogenous or not recent. Despite the robustness and adaptability of this procedure, conventional cytogenetics remains a tedious and time-consuming technique, and it requires specialized staff. Scoring micronuclei in binucleated lymphocytes may be an easier, simpler altemative to a dicentric assay. This paper, which is based on the experience acquired by the IPSN in recent years in expert assessment of suspected radiations, has as its goal to provide a succinct technical guideline of these different approaches, as they are adapted to suspected recent irradiation and triage.

Soluble Fcgamma receptor IIIb alters the function of polymorphonuclear neutrophils but extends their survival.

We have established that polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)-binding anti-Fcgamma receptor IIIb (FcgammaRIIIb) autoantibodies (autoAb) inhibit the function of these cells but extend their survival. Here, we show that recombinant FcgammaRIIIb (rFcgammaRIIIb), as well as purified FcgammaRIIIb (pFcgammaRIIIb), deteriorated the PMN adherence and respiratory burst in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, rFcgammaRIIIb and pFcgammaRIIIb reduced the level of annexin V-binding PMN from 23.6 +/- 1.6 % to 6.3 +/- 1.0 and 11.0 +/- 1.0 %, respectively, while human serum albumin exerted no effects. Incubation of rFcgammaRIIIb with those autoAb binding to soluble FcgammaRIIIb resulted in the attachment of such immune complexes (IC) to the cells, thereby also delaying apoptosis (44.9 +/- 5.9 versus 18.0 +/- 2.0 % annexin V-binding PMN after 16 hours). Soluble FcgammaRIIIb, in concert with FcgammaRIIIb / anti-FcgammaRIIIb IC, produced similar effects in that the percentage of annexin V-binding PMN declined to 16.0 +/-1.9 %. It was thus suggested that FcgammaRIIIb / anti-FcgammaRIIIb IC inserted the Fc region of their IgG into the membrane FcgammaRIIIb. Such an interpretation is consistent with our finding that, whereas aggregated IgG and anti-FcgammaRIIIb monoclonal Ab prevented membrane FcgammaRIIIb / IC interaction, neither soluble FcgammaRIIIb, nor anti-cgammaRII did so. We conclude that the function and the life span of PMN are influenced synergistically by soluble FcgammaRIIIb and anti-FcgammaRIIIb autoAb.

Differential effects of anti-Fc gamma RIIIb autoantibodies on polymorphonuclear neutrophil apoptosis and function.

Anti-Fc gamma receptor IIIb (Fc gammaRIIIb) human autoantibodies (Ab) have been classified previously into three groups, based on the results of an indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) test and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): IIF+/ELISA+ (group A), IIF+/ELISA- (group B), and IIF-/ELISA+ (group C) sera. In this study, differential effects between IIF+ autoAb, recognizing cell-bound Fc gammaR, and those ELISA+, recognizing only cell-free Fc gammaR, were studied on polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). Neither group A nor B autoAb was cytotoxic, although both prolonged the survival of PMN by delaying spontaneous apoptosis. By the same extent, the PMN-binding antisera stimulated the appearance of a CD11b(dim) population, following a 12-h incubation. This event was associated with a lowered expression of beta2 integrin molecules, resulting in altered PMN function. Treatment with groups A and B autoAb reduced adhesiveness and respiratory burst. This impairment of the responses was more pronounced when the cells originated from donors NA1+ NA1+ rather than donors NA2+ NA2+. From our observations, the influences of anti-Fc gammaRIIIb autoAb on PMN survival, as well as function and subsequent dysregulation of the inflammatory response, have proven somewhat dependent on their target antigens, as determined by IIF coupled with ELISA and Fc gammaRIIIb polymorphism.

Mathematical methods in biological dosimetry: the 1996 Iranian accident.

PURPOSE: To report 18 months of cytogenetic follow-up for an Iranian worker accidentally overexposed to 192Ir, the mathematical extrapolation and comparison with clinical data. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Unstable chromosome aberrations were measured using conventional cytogenetic tests by French and Iranian biological dosimetry laboratories on five occasions after the exposure. The decrease in dicentrics over time was analysed mathematically. In addition, Dolphin and Qdr extrapolations were applied to the data to check the exposure estimates. FISH determination of translocation yields was performed twice by the French laboratory and the results compared with the Dolphin and Qdr corrected values. RESULTS: Dose estimates based on dicentrics decreased from 3.1 +/- 0.4 Gy at 5 days after the accident to 0.8 +/- 0.2 Gy at 529 days. This could be fitted by double-exponential regression with an inflexion point between rapid and slow decrease of dicentrics after about 40 days. Dose estimates of 3.4 +/- 0.4 Gy for the Qdr model and 3.6 +/- 0.5 Gy for the Dolphin model were calculated during the post-exposure period and were remarkably stable. FISH translocation data at 26 and 61 days appeared consistent with the Dolphin and Qdr estimates. CONCLUSION: Dose correction by the Qdr and Dolphin models and translocation scoring appeared consistent with the clinical data and provided better information about the radiation injury than did crude estimates from dicentric scoring alone. Estimation by the Dolphin model of the irradiated fraction of the body seemed unreliable: it correlated better with the fraction of originally irradiated lymphocytes.

CD45 autoantibodies mediate neutralization of activated T cells from lupus patients through anergy or apoptosis.

The objectives were to provide estimates of the prevalence of autoantibody (Ab) directed to CD45 in lupus patients, identify the target autoantigen(s), and determine the ability of such reactivity to mediate neutralization of T lymphocytes. Sera from 64 patients were studied using 2 assays: Western blot and an ELISA with CD45 eluted from 3 cell lines as antigen (U937, Jurkat and Daudi). The role of carbohydrate specificity was investigated using enzyme digestion of blotted glycans, competition with sugars, and inhibition with lectins. Apoptosis was studied through annexin V binding, and cell cycle analysis using the propidium iodide method. AutoAb to CD45 were detected in 16/64 sera (25%) by Western blot, and 21/32 sera (66%) found positive in the ELISA. CD45 purified from Daudi cells was identified in the ELISA, but not in the blot. AutoAb were of the IgM and the IgG isotypes, but not specific for a particular cell type or CD45 isoform: 2 dominant specificities were recognized, one against p180, and another against high MW isoforms. Neuraminidase-induced enhancement of reactivity, together with the inhibitory effect of N-acetyl galactosamine and Dolichos diflorus lectin suggest that the epitopes are carbohydrates. AutoAb which were specific for activated CD4+T cells triggered the annexin V binding, and, in 2 of 4 cases, lymphocytes underwent apoptosis. In conclusion, carbohydrate conformational epitopes may be important as target antigens, and some CD45 autoAb have the capacity to neutralize activated T cells through anergy or apoptosis.