Science and the legal rights of nature.

We review the use of science by lawmakers and courts in implementing or rejecting legal rights for nature in Ecuador, India, the United States, and other jurisdictions where some type of rights of nature have been recognized in the legal system. We then use the "right to evolve" to exemplify how interdisciplinary work can (i) help courts effectively define what this right might entail; (ii) inform how it might be applied in different circumstances; and (iii) provide a template for how scientists and legal scholars can generate the interdisciplinary scholarship necessary to understand and implement the growing body of rights-of-nature laws, and environmental law more generally. We conclude by pointing to what further research is needed to understand and effectively implement the growing body of rights-of-nature laws.

Bioavailability of two dermal formulations of S(+)ibuprofen in rabbit.

Ibuprofen (CAS 15687-27-1) is widely used in painful situations and, usually, is administered in the racemic form. Since enantiomers may exert different pharmacodinamic and pharmacokinetic effects, the pharmaceutical industry has placed new emphasis on the preparation of new formulations of enantiomerically pure drugs that must be pharmacokinetically characterised prior to their administration in human beings. In this study, the absorption kinetics of two topical formulations of S(+)ibuprofen in rabbits was investigated. The S(+)ibuprofen levels in rabbit plasma were determined by a non-chiral HPLC method, whereas the absence of the R(-)ibuprofen enantiomer in plasma was confirmed by a chiral HPLC method. The results showed that S(+)ibuprofen was absorbed through the rabbit skin upon administration and the obtained levels varied with the formulation.

Manual de defensa civil para educadores ecuatorianos. Para la elaboración del plan de defensa civil ante desastres de planteles educativos / Manual of Civil Defense for Ecuadorian Educators. To Build the Civil Defense Plan Before Disasters in Educative Establishments

Acuerdo de institucionalización del Plan de Defensa Civil de Autoprotección ante Desastres.- Fenómenos naturales: sismos, erupciones volcßnicas, inundaciones, derrumbes y deslizamientos.- La Defensa Civil en el Ecuador.- Medidas de autoprotección.- Plan de defensa civil de autoprotección.- Elaboración del plan.- Anexos: Formato y modelo del Plan desarrollado