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1.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Bogotá) ; 70(4)Oct.-Dec. 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535177

RESUMO

Introduction: Several studies describing different neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19 were published during the first six months of the pandemic. Objective: To collect and synthesize the scientific evidence published within the first six months after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic on neurological manifestations in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, as well as their prevalence and variations in specific populations. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE using the following search strategy: types of study: any study describing neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients; publication period: March 11-August 31, 2020; publication language: English; search terms and search equation: (("COVID-19") AND "Neurologic Manifestations"). Results: The initial search yielded 388 records, of which 79 met the eligibility criteria and were included for full analysis. Most studies were case reports (50.63% individual case reports and 18.99% case series), while only 30.38% were analytical studies, with cross-sectional studies being the most common (n=25). The most frequently described neurological manifestation was smell and/or taste disorder (43.04%), followed by peripheral neuropathy (20.25%), seizures (8.86%), encephalitis (7.59%), and delirium (5.06%). Other manifestations reported to a lesser extent included headache, myositis, stroke, and transverse myelitis. Conclusion: Most neurological manifestations reported have a favorable progress, occur in young patients without any comorbidity, and are unrelated to the severity of the disease. Other manifestations such as delirium and epileptic seizures occur more frequently in people with a history of dementia or epilepsy, respectively. Finally, some manifestations such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and stroke may cause several sequelae.


Introducción. Durante los primeros seis meses de la pandemia por COVID-19 se publicaron varios estudios que describen diferentes manifestaciones neurológicas en pacientes con esta enfermedad. Objetivo. Recopilar y sintetizar evidencia científica publicada en los seis meses posteriores a la declaración de la pandemia por COVID-19 sobre manifestaciones neurológicas en pacientes infectados con SARS-CoV-2, así como sus variaciones y frecuencia en poblaciones específicas. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en PubMed/Medline mediante la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: tipos de estudio: cualquier estudio que describiera manifestaciones neurológicas en pacientes con COVID-19; periodo de publicación: marzo 11 a agosto 31, 2020; idioma de publicación: inglés; términos y ecuación de búsqueda: (("COVID-19") AND "Neurologic Manifestations"). Resultados. La búsqueda inicial arrojó 388 registros, de los cuales 79 cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. La mayoría de los estudios fueron reportes de caso (50.63% fueron reportes individuales de caso y 18.99%, series de casos), mientras que solo 30.38% fueron estudios analíticos, siendo los estudios transversales los más frecuentes (n=20). La manifestación neurológica descrita más frecuentemente fue la alteración de olfato y/o gusto (43.04%), seguida de neuropatía periférica (20.25%), convulsiones (8.86%), encefalitis (7.59%) y delirium (5.06%). Otras manifestaciones reportadas en menor proporción fueron cefalea, miositis, accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) y mielitis transversa. Conclusión. La mayoría de las manifestaciones neurológicas de la COVID-19 reportadas tienen una evolución favorable, ocurren en pacientes jóvenes sin comorbilidades y no tienen relación con la severidad de la enfermedad. Otras manifestaciones, como delirium y crisis epilépticas, se presentan con mayor frecuencia en población con antecedente de demencia o epilepsia, respectivamente. Por último, algunas manifestaciones como el síndrome de Guillain-Barré y los ACV pueden causar secuelas.

2.
Pediatr Neurol ; 101: 71-77, 2019 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31023601

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Biomarkers of brain injury with high predictive value in newborns in critical neurological status are increasingly required. Neuron-specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid has been shown to be highly predictive in newborns with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, but its utility has not been examined in sudden unexpected postnatal collapse. PURPOSE: We analyzed whether the levels of neuron-specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid can be a useful biomarker to estimate the severity of brain injury in neonates after a sudden unexpected postnatal collapse. METHODS: This is a prospective observational study of near-term infants who were consecutively admitted with sudden unexpected postnatal collapse in two neonatal intensive care units during a nine-year period. Variables were collected and analyzed regarding the perinatal period, clinical course, severity of encephalopathy, amplitude-integrated encephalography, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and outcome. Neuron-specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid samples were obtained in 18 infants with sudden unexpected postnatal collapse between 12 and 72 hours after the collapse and compared with those of 29 controls. RESULTS: The levels of neuron-specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid were higher in patients than in controls (P < 0.001). Levels of neuron-specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid in infants with sudden unexpected postnatal collapse were significantly higher in patients who presented severe encephalopathy, seizures, abnormal amplitude-integrated encephalography background, or brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis revealed a neuron-specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid cutoff value of maximum predictive accuracy of 61 ng/mL (area under the curve, 1.0; sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value, 100%) for identifying infants who died or had adverse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of neuron-specific enolase in cerebrospinal fluid obtained between 12 and 72 hours after a sudden unexpected postnatal collapse event seem to be a useful biomarker for identifying newborns with severe brain injury and for predicting outcome.


Assuntos
Lesões Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Fosfopiruvato Hidratase/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Biomarcadores/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Lesões Encefálicas/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos
3.
Ultrasound Med Biol ; 45(3): 885-890, 2019 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30642660

RESUMO

Magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard technique in establishing the diagnosis of neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS). The diagnostic value of cranial ultrasound scanning in this clinical context is controversial. We aimed to assess the current sensitivity of the cranial ultrasound scan (CUS) in detecting NAIS, as this issue has not been well described in the literature. Newborns with NAIS diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging between 2010 and 2016 were included. All CUSs were blindly analyzed retrospectively by a neonatologist expert in neuroimaging and compared with the findings of non-expert evaluators recorded on medical charts immediately after performing the evaluation. The overall sensitivity of CUS in detecting an imaging finding suggestive of NAIS was 87% (95% confidence interval (CI): 79%-95%) for an expert evaluator, but declined to 72% (61%-83%) when performed by a non-expert evaluator (p 0.002). Sensitivity was 83% and 61% in the first 24 h and 86% and 66% at 24-48 h for expert and non-expert evaluators, respectively (p < 0.05). CUS has higher sensitivity than previously reported in the detection of a NAIS, for both expert and non-expert evaluators. These findings may be explained by the advanced technology of new ultrasound equipment. Expertise in performing CUS is useful, particularly in the first 48 h after clinical debut.


Assuntos
Infarto da Artéria Cerebral Média/diagnóstico por imagem , Ecoencefalografia , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Artéria Cerebral Média/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos
4.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Bogotá) ; 66(3): 469-475, jul.-set. 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-976979

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction: Language development is a complex process that may be considered as an evolutionay trait in human beings; it is possible to undetstand said process by evaluating the contribution of sensory systems and the events that frame critical periods of development. Objective: To conduct a literature on how auditory, visual and proprioceptive information integration occurs in language development, as well as the role of social interaction in this process. Materals and methods: The MeSH terms "Language Development"; "Visual Perception"; "Hearing"; and "Proprioception" were used, limiting the main search to articles written in English, Spanish and Portuguese. The databases consulted were Medline and EMBASE. Results: Auditory information is the first sensory stimulus to consider because, during the first year of life, the infant recognizes and discriminates environmental signals that correspond to language, followed by a peak in its acquisition and, subsequently, by a stage of maximum linguistic discrimination. Visual information allows correlating language with images since it acts as the substrate for the designation and understanding of words, as well as for interpretation and imitation of the emotional component in gesticulation. Proprioceptive information provides feedback on motor performance patterns used in language production. Conclusion: This perspective offers new points of view for treating and managing deviations in language development.


Resumen Introducción. El desarrollo del lenguaje es un proceso complejo considerado como marcador evolutivo del ser humano y puede ser comprendido a partir de la contribución de los sistemas sensoriales y de los eventos que ocurren en periodos críticos del desarrollo. Objetivo. Realizar una revisión de cómo se da la integración de la información auditiva, visual y propioceptiva y cómo se refleja en el desarrollo del lenguaje, destacando el papel de la interacción social como contexto que favorece este proceso. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron los términos MeSH "Language Development"; "Visual Perception"; "Hearing"; y "Proprioception en las bases de datos MEDLINE y Embase, limitando la búsqueda principal a artículos escritos en inglés, español y portugués. Resultados. El punto de partida lo constituye la información auditiva, la cual, en el primer año de vida, permite la discriminación de los elementos del ambiente que corresponden al lenguaje; luego un pico en su adquisición y posteriormente una etapa de máxima discriminación lingüística. La información visual proporciona la correspondencia del lenguaje en imágenes, sustrato de nominación y comprensión de palabras, además de la interpretación e imitación del componente emocional en la gesticulación. La información propioceptiva ofrece la retroalimentación de los patrones de ejecución motora empleados en la producción del lenguaje. Conclusión. El estudio del desarrollo lenguaje desde la integración sensorial ofrece nuevas perspectivas para el abordaje e intervención de sus desviaciones.

5.
Rev. Fac. Med. (Bogotá) ; 65(2): 197-202, Apr.-June 2017. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-896705

RESUMO

Abstract Introduction: Sleep in adolescence is influenced by emotional states triggered by romantic relationships, which can be determinant in sleep quality perception. Objective: This study was designed to assess the association between sleep quality perception and romantic relationships, as well as its characteristics in late adolescent/young adult university students. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in 443 subjects. Sleep quality perception was quantified using a validated diary for young persons. Individual attachment style, romantic relationship status and its characteristics were determined using specific validated measures. Results: Sleep quality perception was determined using five multivariate models that included statistically significant characteristics of romantic relationships. Higher sleep quality perception was associated with the level of satisfaction of a subject with the relationship and liking for the partner (p=0.035). The prevalence of romantic relationships in students was 64% (95%CI: 59.4-68.9). The individuals that were not in a romantic relationship experienced significantly prolonged sleep latency (p<0.05). Conclusion: Higher sleep quality perception in university students is associated with being in a romantic relationship and the attachment style. These aspects can be identified and intervened, if support systems of educational institutions recognize their potential importance for health, wellbeing and academic performance.


Resumen Introducción. El sueño en adolescentes está influenciado de manera especial por los estados emocionales presentes en las relaciones románticas. Esto puede ser determinante en la percepción de calidad del sueño. Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación entre la percepción de la calidad del sueño y las características de las relaciones románticas en estudiantes universitarios adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de corte transversal realizado en 443 sujetos. La percepción de calidad del sueño, los estilos de apego, estar en una relación romántica y sus características se determinaron utilizando medidas validadas. Resultados. La percepción de calidad del sueño se determinó utilizando cinco modelos multivariados que incluyeron características estadísticamente significativas de las relaciones románticas. El nivel de satisfacción del individuo con su relación de pareja y la atracción hacia esta se asoció con su nivel de percepción de calidad del sueño (p=0.035). La prevalencia de las relaciones románticas fue del 64% (IC95%: 59.4-68.9). Los que no estaban en una relación experimentaron latencia del sueño significativamente más prolongada (p<0.05). Conclusión. Las relaciones sentimentales románticas y sus características se asocian con la calidad de sueño percibida por los individuos. Estos aspectos pueden ser identificados e intervenidos y ser útiles para los sistemas de apoyo de las instituciones educativas.

6.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 31(3): 246-252, jul.-sep. 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-776230

RESUMO

Introducción: las alteraciones en la función ejecutiva, especialmente en flexibilidad cognoscitiva, planeación,control inhibitorio y memoria de trabajo constituyen un elemento cardinal dentro las manifestaciones deltrastorno del espectro autista (TEA).Objetivo: el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el desempeño de las pruebas de función ejecutiva en unapoblación de pacientes con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA).Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional en niños de una institución de rehabilitación. Seevaluó el desempeño en las subpruebas de la evaluación neuropsicológica infantil, el puntaje de CARS (ChildhoodAutism Rating Scale) y otras variables, mediante un análisis de correlación de Spearman. El estudio fueaprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación y se obtuvo consentimiento de los padres.Resultados: se evaluaron ocho niños con edad promedio de 8,9 años (6,1-13,7) y puntaje CARS entre 32 y 46.Se encontró mejor desempeño en habilidades gráficas y menor fluidez gráfica y verbal y de flexibilidad cognitiva.La edad tuvo correlación directa con el puntaje en memoria de trabajo y con la capacidad de planeación.Un puntaje de CARS alto se correlacionó con bajo rendimiento en flexibilidad cognitiva, memoria de trabajoy fluidez gráfica no semántica.Conclusión: los niños con TEA son susceptibles de presentar alteraciones significativas en tareas relacionadascon las funciones ejecutivas, lo que puede explicar la tendencia a la perseveración, incapacidad de cambio decriterio y conductas estereotipadas. Esta disfunción se correlaciona con la severidad del autismo y varía segúnla edad. Aunque esta alteración no es un fenómeno que se presente exclusivamente en el TEA, constituye unelemento a tener en cuenta al momento de evaluar estos niños.


Introduction: executive function disturbances, especially in cognitive flexibility planning, inhibitory control and working memory constitute a cardinal element within the manifestations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Objective: the aim of this research was to evaluate the performance of executive function tests in children with ASD.Materials and methods: an observational study was conducted in children attending a rehabilitation institution. An analysis between the performance of the Childhood Neuropsychological assessment subtests, scores of CARS (Childhood Autism Rating Scale) and other variables was performed by a Spearman correlation test. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee and parental consent was obtained.Results: we evaluated eight children with a mean age of 8.9 years (min: 6.1, max: 13.7) and CARS score between 32 and 46. Better performance was found in graphical abilities, less in graphical and verbal fluency and in cognitive flexibility. Age was directly correlated with scores on working memory and planning. A high CARS score was correlated with poor performance on cognitive flexibility, working memory and non-semantic graphic fluency.Conclusion: children with ASD are prone to show disturbances in executive functions related tasks which may explain the inflexible adherence to routines, the persistence of stereotypical behaviors and the perseveration observed in ASD patients. This dysfunction correlates with the severity of autism and varies with age. Although this condition is not present exclusively in ASD, it is a factor to consider when evaluating children with autism.


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtorno Autístico
7.
Rev. cienc. salud (Bogotá) ; 12(3): 423-434, set.-dic. 2014. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-729538

RESUMO

Introducción: La heterotopía neuronal es un defecto de la migración en el cual estas células no completan su desplazamiento hacia la corteza. La forma más comúnmente reportada es la heterotopía nodular periventricular, caracterizada por conglomerados neuronales que se ubican adyacentes a las paredes de los ventrículos laterales. Hasta el 90% de los pacientes con esta condición presentan epilepsia en algún momento de la vida y una gran proporción de ellos serán refractarios al manejo farmacológico. Esto hace necesario un adecuado abordaje diagnóstico que busque establecer qué pacientes se beneficiarían de resección quirúrgica de la lesión, que en la mayoría de los casos ofrece una alta tasa de control de crisis. Desarrollo: Se presenta un recorrido desde la práctica por los aspectos con mayor relevancia en cuanto a la fisiopatología, manifestaciones clínicas, abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico de la heterotopía nodular periventricular, con el fin de explorar el rol de esta condición como causante de epilepsia refractaria. Conclusión: La epilepsia refractaria al tratamiento condiciona de manera significativa la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Una entidad frecuentemente asociada a esto es la heterotopía nodular periventricular, la cual debe ser correctamente abordada por el equipo médico tratante procurando un diagnóstico oportuno y definiendo qué pacientes se benefician del manejo quirúrgico. De esta manera, se impacta positivamente la calidad de vida de estos sujetos y de sus cuidadores.


Introduction: Neuronal heterotopia is a migration disorder in which these cells do not complete their movement toward the cerebral cortex. Periventricular nodular heterotopia is the most frequently reported form, characterized by neuronal conglomerates adjacent to the lateral ventricles walls.About 90 % of patients with this condition suffer epilepsy at some point in their lives and the major proportion of them will be resistant to pharmacologic treatment. This makes an appropriate diagnostic approach necessary in order to determine which patients would benefit from surgical resection of the lesion, which in most cases offers a high rate of crisis control. Development: This article presents a review of the most important topics approached from the practice of periventricular nodular heterotopia pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis and therapy. It is aimed at exploring the role of this condition as a cause of intractable epilepsy. Conclusion: Pharmacologic treatment for resistant epilepsy will have a severe impact on patient's quality of life. Periventricular nodular heterotopia is frequently associated to this condition, which must be successfully approached by the medical team attempting to an opportune diagnosis and defining which patients would benefit from surgical management. This positively impacts the quality of life of these patients and their caregivers.


Introdução: A heterotopia neuronal é um defeito da migração no qual estas células não completam seu deslocamento ao córtex. A forma mais comunmente reportada é a heterotopia nodular periventricular, caracterizada por conglomerados neuronais que se localizam adjacentes às paredes dos ventrículos laterais. Até o 90% dos pacientes com esta condição apresentam epilepsia em algum momento da vida e uma grande proporção deles, serão refratários ao manejo farmacológico. Isto faz necessária uma adequada abordagem diagnóstica, buscando estabelecer quais pacientes se beneficiariam de ressecção cirúrgica da lesão, que na maioria dos casos oferece uma alta taxa de controle de crises. Desenvolvimento: Se apresenta um recorrido desde a prática pelos aspectos com maior relevância em quanto à fisiopatologia, manifestações clínicas, abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica da heterotopia nodular periventricular. Com o fim de explorar o rol desta condição como causador de epilepsia refratária. Conclusão: A epilepsia refratária ao tratamento condiciona de maneira significativa à qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Uma entidade frequentemente associada a isto é a heterotopia nodular periventricular, a qual deve ser corretamente abordada pela equipe médica tratante procurando um diagnóstico oportuno e definindo quais pacientes se beneficiam de manejo cirúrgico. Desta forma impacta-se positivamente a qualidade de vida destes sujeitos e de seus cuidadores.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Heterotopia Nodular Periventricular , Qualidade de Vida , Cirurgia Geral , Malformações do Desenvolvimento Cortical do Grupo II , Epilepsia Resistente a Medicamentos , Neuropatologia
8.
Rev. cienc. salud (Bogotá) ; 10(2): 265-271, mayo-ago. 2012. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-663750

RESUMO

La desviación paroxística de la mirada hacia arriba es un síndrome infantil descrito por primera vez en 1988 y desde entonces solo se registran alrededor de cincuenta reportes en el mundo. Su etiología no es clara y, aunque su pronóstico es variable, la mayoría de los informes señalan que durante el crecimiento los episodios tienden a disminuir en frecuencia y duración hasta desaparecer. El caso que se reporta corresponde a un niño de 16 meses de edad, quien desde los 11 meses presenta episodios de supraversión sostenida de la mirada conjugada de duración variable con flexión cervical compensatoria y nistagmo vertical a la fijación ocular sin alteración del estado de conciencia. Los episodios son de predominio matinal y se exacerban por situaciones de estrés como el ayuno o el insomnio; sin embargo, ceden con la conciliación del sueño. Los exámenes neurológico y oftalmológico resultan normales y a su vez las neuroimágenes y electroencefalograma no tienen hallazgos relevantes.


The paroxysmal upgaze deviation is a syndrome that described in infants for first time in 1988; there are just about 50 case reports worldwide ever since. Its etiology is unclear and though it prognosis is variable; most case reports indicate that during growth the episodes tend to decrease in frequency and duration until they disappear. It describes a 16-months old male child who since 11-months old presented many episodes of variable conjugate upward deviation of the eyes, compensatory neck flexion and down-beat saccades in attempted downgaze. These events are predominantly diurnal, and are exacerbated by stressful situations such as fasting or insomnia, however and improve with sleep. They have normal neurologic and ophthalmologic examination, and neuroimaging and EEG findings are not relevant.


O desvio paroxístico do olhar para cima é um síndrome infantil foi descrito por primeira vez no ano 1988 e desde então só se registram cerca de cinquenta reportes no mundo. Sua etiologia não é clara e, mesmo que seu prognóstico é variável, a maioria dos informes assinalam que durante o crescimento, os episódios tendem a diminuir em frequência e duração até desaparecer. O caso que é reportado corresponde a uma criança de 16 meses de idade, que desde os 11 meses, apresenta episódios de supraversão sustentada do olhar conjugado de duração variável com flexão cervical compensatória e nistagmo vertical à fixação ocular sem alteração do estado de consciência. Os episódios são de predomínio matinal e se exacerbam por situações de estresse como o jejum ou a insônia; no entanto, cedem com a conciliação do sono. Os exames neurológico e oftalmológico resultam normais e a sua vez as neuroimagens e electroencefalograma não têm resultados relevantes.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Lactente , Fixação Ocular , Movimentos Sacádicos , Eletroencefalografia , Neuroimagem , Lactente , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono
9.
Rev. cienc. salud (Bogotá) ; 4(2): 109-115, dic. 2006.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-635858

RESUMO

La hemoglobina es una proteína sanguínea que puede transportar oxígeno, un gas insoluble en medio acuoso, llevándolo a las diferentes partes del organismo en donde es requerido para su buen funcionamiento, así como productos metabólicos como el CO2 y el hidrógeno, para su excreción. Estos procesos se ven condicionados por factores como el pH, la concentración de BPG, las presiones parciales de O2 y CO2, la cooperatividad de la unión entre la hemoglobina y esos compuestos y los cambios conformacionales que la hemoglobina debe sufrir para captar y soltar eficientemente estas moléculas en el sitio del organismo donde son requeridos. Cambios abruptos en la presión atmosférica ligados a la altura, y la exposición a altas concentraciones de otros gases afines a la hemoglobina como el monóxido de carbono, presente en vehículos o recintos cerrados, pueden comprometer el funcionamiento normal del organismo precisamente porque causan efectos sobre esa función transportadora de la hemoglobina. En este escrito, se explicarán fenómenos de la vida diaria relacionados con el transporte de gases por la hemoglobina, como una demostración de que los conocimientos bioquímicos comienzan a ser útiles desde ahora para entender situaciones cotidianas y a dejarnos la expectativa de su valor para entender muchos de los problemas de salud que tendremos en nuestras manos.


The hemoglobin is a blood protein which can transport oxygen, a gas insoluble in water, to different organs where it is required for the proper function; this protein also transports the metabolic products, CO2 and H+ for their excretion. This process depends on pH, the BPG concentration, pO2 and pCO2. The cooperative binding between hemoglobin and those compounds and the conformational changes necessary for oxygen and CO2 uptake and release in the specific place where they are required. Abrupt changes of atmospheric pressure associated with height and the exposure to other gases such as CO present in vehicles and closed rooms could compromise the normal functioning of the organism because their presence affects the transport function of the hemoglobin. In this paper, we will explain everyday phenomena related to the transport of gases through hemoglobin as a demonstration that a knowledge of biochemistry begins to be useful from now on to understand everyday situations and give us an expectation of their value to comprehend many health problems that would be faced in the future.


Assuntos
Humanos , Transferência de Oxigênio , Hemoglobinas , Dióxido de Carbono
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