Recruiting Persons With Dementia: A Systematic Review of Facilitators, Barriers, and Strategies.

Study recruitment of persons with dementia is challenging. We aimed to assess facilitators, barriers, and strategies to identify and approach persons with dementia for recruitment to dementia care studies. We systematically searched MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and other sources (ORRCA [Online Resource for Research in Clinical triAls]; pertinent evidence syntheses; citation searching) and narratively summarised the results (PROSPERO CRD42022342600). Facilitators and barriers consisted of "characteristics of participants, researchers, clinical contact persons", "study characteristics", and "communication with participants". The highest number of participants were recruited by study information in electronic and print formats, as well as by networking and collaboration. Advertisements proved to be the most expensive way of recruitment. There is limited evidence on the impact of recruitment strategies to identify persons with dementia for recruitment to dementia care studies. Our analysis of facilitators and barriers may inform research teams in designing strategies to identify persons with dementia for recruitment purposes.

Widespread latent hyperactivity of nociceptors outlasts enhanced avoidance behavior following incision injury.

Nociceptors with somata in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) exhibit an unusual readiness to switch from an electrically silent state to a hyperactive state of tonic, nonaccommodating, low-frequency, irregular discharge of action potentials (APs). Ongoing activity (OA) during this state is present in vivo in rats months after spinal cord injury (SCI), and has been causally linked to SCI pain. OA induced by various neuropathic conditions in rats, mice, and humans is retained in nociceptor somata after dissociation and culturing, providing a powerful tool for investigating its mechanisms and functions. An important question is whether similar nociceptor OA is induced by painful conditions other than neuropathy. The present study shows that probable nociceptors dissociated from DRGs of rats subjected to postsurgical pain (induced by plantar incision) exhibit OA. The OA was most apparent when the soma was artificially depolarized to a level within the normal range of membrane potentials where large, transient depolarizing spontaneous fluctuations (DSFs) can approach AP threshold. This latent hyperactivity persisted for at least 3 weeks, whereas behavioral indicators of affective pain - hindpaw guarding and increased avoidance of a noxious substrate in an operant conflict test - persisted for 1 week or less. An unexpected discovery was latent OA in neurons from thoracic DRGs that innervate dermatomes distant from the injured tissue. The most consistent electrophysiological alteration associated with OA was enhancement of DSFs. Potential in vivo functions of widespread, low-frequency nociceptor OA consistent with these and other findings are to amplify hyperalgesic priming and to drive anxiety-related hypervigilance.

Snip conjunctivoplasty associated with methylene blue staining for treatment of postoperative conjunctival chemosis.

Conjunctival chemosis usually undergoes spontaneous resolution; sometimes, it requires treatment. We present the case of a 43 years-old female patient who developed bilateral conjunctival chemosis following upper and lower blepharoplasty. Two months after the operation, patient underwent bilateral snip conjunctivoplasty with methylene blue demarcation of the chemotic conjunctiva.

Efecto de la lactosa en la evaluación del valor nutritivo de la caseina / Effect of lactose on the evaluation of the nutritive value of casein

La evaluación biológica de la calidad proteínica de productos lácteos como leches normales y modidicadas en polvo en los cuales interviene la lactosa, presenta dificultades. es sabido que por su efecto osmótico, cuando este azêúcar se encuentra en concentrciones considerables, produce srios trastornos intestinales en las ratas, lo qu dificulta ladeterminación de la calidad nutricional de la proteína de la dieta. En el trabajo objeto de esta comunicación, se trató de determinar cómo la lactosa incide sobre el valor nutritivo de la caseína,por el método de la Uazación Protenica Neta(UPN) y el método de la Relación Proteínica Neta Relativa(RPNR). En dichas experiencias se utizaron ratas de 30 y 21 días de edad, respectivamente. Las dietas empleadas contenían caseína al 10% y al 8% para la determinación de la UPN y de la RPNR, respectivamente, y cantidades crecientes de lactosa comprendidas entre 20% y 50%. En ambos métodos, esas dietas fueron suministradas a los animales durante 10 días. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que, a pesar de los trastornos intestinales observados con mayor frecuencia y duración a medida que aumentaba la concentra de lactosa, el valor nutricional de la caseína no alcanzó una diferencia significativa, aún con concentraciones de 40% de lactosa en ninguno de los dos métodos(P>0.05).