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BACKGROUND: Despite their improved safety, majority of cardiac electrophysiology procedures, including catheter ablation (CA), are presently performed in hospital outpatient departments (HODs). OBJECTIVE: This large, multicenter study investigated the safety and outcomes associated with various cardiac electrophysiology procedures performed at 6 ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs), primarily during the COVID-19 pandemic under the CMS Hospitals Without Walls program. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes from consecutive electrophysiology procedures performed in ASCs with same-day discharge, including transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), cardioversion, cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation, electrophysiology studies (EPS), and CA for atrial fibrillation (AF), atrial flutter (AFL)/supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), ventricular premature complexes (VPCs), and AV node. RESULTS: Altogether, 4,037 procedures were performed, including 779 TEE/cardioversions (19.3%), 1,453 CIED implants (36.0%), 26 EPS (0.6%), and 1,779 CAs (44.1%) for AF (75.4%), AFL/SVT (18.8%), VPC (4.7%), and AV node (1.1%). Overall, 80.2% of CAs were for left-sided atrial arrhythmias (AF/atypical AFL) requiring transseptal catheterization. Left-sided VPC ablations (42.2%) were performed using a transseptal/retrograde approach. Adverse event rates were low, but comparable between CIED and CA (0.76% vs. 0.73%; P=0.93), as were the incidences of urgent/unplanned post-procedure hospitalization (0.48% vs. 0.45%; P=0.89), respectively. Moreover, the adverse event rates in ASCs versus HODs did not differ for CIED (0.76% vs. 0.65%; P=0.71) or CA (0.73% vs. 0.80%; P=0.79). CONCLUSION: The results from this large, multicenter study suggest that ASCs represent a safe and effective setting to conduct a variety of cardiac electrophysiology procedures including CA. These findings bear important implications for healthcare delivery and policy.
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AIMS: Short-term ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring is often used to assess premature atrial complex (PAC) and premature ventricular complex (PVC) frequency, but the diagnostic reliability is unknown. The objective of this study was to study the day-to-day variability of PAC and PVC frequency. METHODS AND RESULTS: We used 14-day full-disclosure mobile cardiac telemetry recordings without atrial fibrillation in 8245 US patients aged 17-103 years to calculate the diagnostic reliability of shorter ambulatory ECG recordings compared with 14-day averages. Over 14 days, 1853 patients had ≥500 PACs/day, 410 patients had ≥5000 PACs/day, and 197 patients had ≥10 000 PACs/day; 1640 patients had ≥500 PVCs/day, 354 patients had ≥5000 PVCs/day, and 175 patients had ≥10 000 PVCs/day. After 3 days, the estimated daily PAC frequency differed by ≥50% from the 14-day mean in 25% of patients; for PVCs, the corresponding duration was 7 days. Ten days of monitoring were needed to estimate PAC and PVC frequency within ±20% of the overall 14-day frequency in 80% of patients. For daily PAC and PVC frequencies ≥10 000, single-day estimation had a specificity of 99.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 99.1-99.5] at a sensitivity of 76.6 (95% CI 70.1-80.4%) for PACs and a 99.6% (95% CI 99.4-99.7%) specificity at 79.4 (95% CI 72.7-85.2) sensitivity for PVCs. After 7 days, the sensitivity increased to 88.8% (95% CI 83.6-92.9) for PACs and 86.9% (95% CI 80.9-91.5%) for PVCs. CONCLUSION: While there is substantial daily variability across most PAC and PVC levels, findings of ≥10 000 PACs or PVCs are highly specific and do not need to be confirmed with longer recordings.
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Complexos Atriais Prematuros , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros , Humanos , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros/diagnóstico , Complexos Ventriculares Prematuros/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Feminino , Complexos Atriais Prematuros/diagnóstico , Complexos Atriais Prematuros/fisiopatologia , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial/métodos , Adulto , Masculino , Adolescente , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Fatores de Tempo , Telemetria , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Frequência CardíacaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Numerous states have introduced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training mandates for high school students and staff to prevent sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, the content and implementation of these mandates vary substantially. Furthermore, a comprehensive and objective assessment of these mandates and their impact is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a thorough evaluation of CPR training mandates across the United States. METHODS: We developed a novel scoring system based on proposed CPR standards, training and certification requirements, and legislative action to assess current mandates. This was used to rate the CPR mandates across all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Mandate scores were then compared to available real-world registry data as a surrogate for efficacy from 2018 to 2021. RESULTS: State CPR mandate scores ranged from 0 to 47, with a higher score indicating more robust mandates. The median and mean scores were 24 [IQR 19.5-27] and 21.52±8.61, respectively, with 35 being the highest score. Intra-observer variability was 0.986 (95% CI 0.944-1.028; p<0.001). The year of implementation did not influence the strength of the score (R2=-0.173; 95% CI -0.447-0.131, p=0.262), Correlation between SCD rate (R2=-0.76; 95% CI -0.492-0.367, p=0.742), bystander-initiated CPR (R2= -0.006; 95% CI -0.437-0.427, p=0.978), automatic external defibrillator use (R2= -0.125; 95% CI -0.528-0.324, p=0.590), or cardiovascular death rate (R2=-0.13; 95% CI -0.379-0.21, p=0.355) failed to reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Modest scoring consistency highlights the need for robust, standardized CPR requirements to potentially mitigate SCD. This study lays the groundwork for evidence-informed policy development in this area.
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BACKGROUND: The clinical impact of Periprocedural myocardial injury (PMI) in patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation with Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing (LBBAP) is unknown. METHODS: 130 patients undergoing LBBAP from January 2020 to June 2021 and completing 12 months follow up were enrolled to assess the impact of PMI on composite clinical outcome (CCO) defined as any of the following: all-cause death, hospitalization for heart failure (HHF), hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). High sensitivity Troponin T (HsTnT) was measured up to 24-h after intervention to identify the peak HsTnT values. PMI was defined as increased peak HsTnT values at least > 99th percentile of the upper reference limit (URL: 15 pg/ml) in patients with normal baseline values. RESULTS: PMI occurred in 72 of 130 patients (55%). ROC analysis yielded a post-procedural peak HsTnT cutoff of fourfold the URL for predicting the CCO (AUC: 0.692; p = 0.023; sensitivity 73% and specificity 71%). Of the enrolled patients, 20% (n = 26) had peak HsTnT > fourfold the URL. Patients with peak HsTnT > fourfold the URL exhibited a higher incidence of the CCO than patients with peak HsTnT ≤ fourfold the URL (31% vs. 10%; p = 0.005), driven by more frequent hospitalizations for ACS (15% vs. 3%; p = 0.010). Multiple (> 2) lead repositions attempts, the use of septography and stylet-driven leads were independent predictors of higher risk of PMI with peak HsTnT > fourfold the URL. CONCLUSIONS: PMI seems common among patients undergoing LBBAP and may be associated with an increased risk of clinical outcomes in case of more pronounced (peak HsTnT > fourfold the URL) myocardial damage occurring during the procedure.
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BACKGROUND: The significance of autonomic dysfunction in premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy (PVC-CM) remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: Utilizing a novel "dual stressor" provocative challenge combining exercise with premature ventricular contraction (PVCs), the authors characterized the functional and molecular mechanisms of cardiac autonomic (cardiac autonomic nervous system) remodeling in a PVC-CM animal model. METHODS: In 15 canines (8 experimental, 7 sham), we implanted pacemakers and neurotelemetry devices and subjected animals to 12 weeks of bigeminal PVCs to induce PVC-CM. Sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), vagal nerve activity (VNA), and heart rate were continuously recorded before, during, and after treadmill exercise challenge with and without PVCs, at baseline and after development of PVC-CM. Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to evaluate molecular markers of neural remodeling. RESULTS: Exercise triggered an increase in both SNA and VNA followed by late VNA withdrawal. With PVCs, the degree of exercise-induced SNA augmentation was magnified, whereas late VNA withdrawal became blunted. After PVC-CM development, SNA was increased at rest but failed to adequately augment during exercise, especially with PVCs, coupled with impaired VNA and heart rate recovery after exercise. In the remodeled cardiac autonomic nervous system, there was widespread sympathetic hyperinnervation and elevated transcardiac norepinephrine levels but unchanged parasympathetic innervation, indicating sympathetic overload. However, cardiac nerve growth factor was paradoxically downregulated, suggesting an antineurotrophic counteradaptive response to PVC-triggered sympathetic overload. CONCLUSIONS: Sympathetic overload, sympathetic dysfunction, and parasympathetic dysfunction in PVC-CM are unmasked by combined exercise and PVC challenge. Reduced cardiac neurotrophic factor might underlie the mechanisms of this dysfunction. Neuromodulation therapies to restore autonomic function could constitute a novel therapeutic approach for PVC-CM.
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BACKGROUND: Autonomic denervation is an ancillary phenomenon during thermal ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF), that may have synergistic effects on symptomatic improvement and long-term freedom from AF. Pulsed field ablation (PFA), a nonthermal ablation modality, was noninferior to thermal ablation in treating AF; however, PFA's relative myocardial selectivity may minimize autonomic effects. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) metrics as markers of autonomic function after ablation using PFA vs thermal ablation. METHODS: ADVENT (FARAPULSE ADVENT PIVOTAL Trial PFA System vs SOC Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation) was a randomized pivotal study comparing PFA (pentaspline catheter) with thermal ablation (radiofrequency [RF] or cryoballoon [CB]) for treating paroxysmal AF. Baseline HR was acquired from a pre-ablation 12-lead electrocardiogram, whereas follow-up HRs, as well as HRV (standard deviation of all normal to normal RR intervals, standard deviation of 5-minute average RR intervals) metrics, were derived from 72-hour Holter monitors at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: This study included 379 paroxysmal AF patients undergoing PFA (n = 194) or thermal ablation (n = 185; n = 102 RF, n = 83 CB) completing 6- and 12-month Holter monitoring. Compared with PFA, thermal patients had significantly greater increases in HR from baseline to 6 months (ΔHR; 10.1 vs 5.9 beats/min; P = 0.02) and 12 months (ΔHR; 8.8 vs 5.2 beats/min; P = 0.03). This increase in HR at 6 and 12 months was similar between CB and RF (P = 0.94 and 0.83, respectively). HRV, both standard deviation of all normal to normal RR intervals and standard deviation of 5-minute average RR intervals, were significantly lower at both 6 and 12 months after thermal ablation compared with PFA (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: PFA's effect on the autonomic nervous system was attenuated compared with thermal ablation. Whether this affects long-term freedom from AF or symptomatic bradycardia/pauses after AF ablation requires further study.
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Fibrilação Atrial , Ablação por Cateter , Frequência Cardíaca , Fibrilação Atrial/cirurgia , Fibrilação Atrial/fisiopatologia , Fibrilação Atrial/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Ablação por Cateter/métodos , Idoso , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Criocirurgia/métodos , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Arrhythmias frequently accompany heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. Tachycardias, atrial fibrillation, and premature ventricular contractions can induce a reversible form of dilated cardiomyopathy (CM) known as arrhythmia-induced CM (AiCM). The intriguing question is why certain individuals are more susceptible to AiCM, despite similar arrhythmia burdens. The primary challenge is determining the extent of arrhythmias' contribution to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. AiCM should be considered in patients with a mean heart rate of >100 beats/min, atrial fibrillation, or a PVC burden of >10%. Confirmation of AiCM occurs when CM reverses upon eliminating the responsible arrhythmia. Therapy choice depends on the specific arrhythmia, patient comorbidities, and preferences. After left ventricular function is restored, ongoing follow-up is essential if an abnormal myocardial substrate persists. Accurate diagnosis and treatment of AiCM have the potential to enhance patients' quality of life, improve clinical outcomes, and reduce hospital admissions and overall health care costs.
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Arritmias Cardíacas , Humanos , Arritmias Cardíacas/etiologia , Arritmias Cardíacas/terapia , Arritmias Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Cardiomiopatias/etiologia , Cardiomiopatias/terapia , Cardiomiopatias/fisiopatologia , Cardiomiopatias/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/terapia , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/fisiopatologia , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/etiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Conduction system pacing (CSP) by His bundle pacing or left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) is incorporated into Heart Rhythm Society guidelines for the management of bradycardia and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Despite increasing adoption with both lumenless leads and stylet-driven leads, concerns regarding the feasibility and safety of the extraction of CSP leads remain. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to report on the safety, feasibility, and clinical outcomes of the extraction of CSP leads. METHODS: Patients undergoing the extraction of CSP leads from 10 international centers were enrolled in this retrospective study. Data regarding indications, lead location, lead type, extraction tools, procedural success, complications, and reimplantation in the conduction system were collected. RESULTS: Overall, 341 patients (age 69 ± 15 years; female 34%; cardiomyopathy 46%; lead dwell time 22 ± 26 months) underwent the extraction of 224 His bundle pacing and 117 LBBAP leads (lumenless leads 321; stylet-driven leads 20). Complete procedural success was achieved in 338 (99%), while clinical success was 100% with retained distal fragments in 3 patients (1%). Among patients with a lead dwell time of >6 months (6-193 months; n = 226), manual extraction was successful in 198 (87%), mechanical tools in 22 (10%), and laser in 6 (3%). Femoral tools were necessary in 3 patients. Minor complications occurred in 7 patients (2.1%). CSP reimplantation was successful in 233 of 244 patients attempted (95%). CONCLUSION: The overall success rates of the extraction of CSP leads were very high (although the LBBAP lead dwell time was <3 years), with a low need for extraction tools and minimal complication. Reimplantation in the conduction system is feasible and safe.
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BACKGROUND: Although left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has been shown to be a feasible option for delivering physiological pacing, data are largely limited to single-center reports. The aim of this analysis was to systematically assess the safety and efficacy of LBBAP with the Model 3830 lead among primarily bradycardia patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched for full-text articles on LBBAP using the SelectSecure Model 3830 lumenless lead. Rates and means were estimated using random- and mixed-effects models. Of 3395 articles, 53 met inclusion criteria, representing 6061 patients undergoing an implant attempt. Average patient age was 68.1 years (95% CI: 66.6, 69.6) and 53.1% were male (95% CI: 50.5%, 55.7%). The average implant success rate among bradycardia-indicated patients was 92.7% (95% CI: 89.5%, 94.9%). The overall estimated procedural adverse event rate was 2.5% (95% CI: 1.1%, 5.4%). The estimated septal perforation rate at implant was 1.6% (95% CI: 1.0%, 2.6%) with no adverse clinical sequelae reported. Pacing thresholds were low at implant (0.67 V [95% CI: 0.64, 0.70]) and remained stable through 12 months (0.76 V [95% CI: 0.72, 0.80]). Among bradycardia-indicated patients, LVEF remained stable from baseline to post-implant (59.5% [95% CI: 57.9%, 61.1%] vs. 60.1% [95% CI: 58.5%, 61.7%]). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis including 6061 patients implanted with a Model 3830 lead for LBBAP found an average implant success rate of 92.7% and a procedural adverse event rate of 2.5% with stable electrical parameters and LVEF post-implant.
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Background: Limited real-world evidence exists for outcomes with contemporary guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) or GDMT with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)/cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D) therapy for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤35%. Objective: The present study aimed to assess survival associated with GDMT or GDMT with ICD/CRT-D therapy. Methods: This retrospective observational study included real-world de-identified data from January 1, 2016, to December 19, 2023, from 24 U.S. institutions per participating institutional agreements (egnite Database; egnite, Inc.). Patients with a diagnosis of HFrEF and an echocardiographic study documenting LVEF ≤35% were included for analysis. Results: Of 43,591 patients with eligible index event of LVEF ≤35%, prescription history through ≥1 year preindex, and no ICD/CRT-D therapy preindex, mean ± standard deviation age at index was 71.2 ± 13.2 years; 14,805 (34.0%) patients were female. At 24 months, an estimated 99.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 99.0%-99.2%), 89.9% (95% CI 89.7%-90.1%), 54.8% (95% CI 54.4%-55.2%), and 17.2% (95% CI 16.9%-17.5%), had ≥1, 2, 3, or all 4 GDMT classes prescribed, respectively; an estimated 15.7% (95% CI 15.3%-16.1%) had device placement. Of those without a device, by 24 months, an estimated 45.1% (95% CI 44.4%-45.7%) had a documented LVEF >35%. Counts of GDMT classes prescribed as well as ICD/CRT-D device therapy were associated with lower mortality risk in this population, even after adjustment for patient age, sex, and comorbidities. Conclusion: Both GDMT classes prescribed and device therapy were independently associated with lower mortality risk, even in the presence of more GDMT options for this more contemporary population.
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BACKGROUND: The utility of atrioventricular (AV) optimization (AVO) algorithms remains in question. A substudy of the SMART-AV trial found that patients with prolonged interventricular delays ≥70 ms were more likely to benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with AVO. The SMART-CRT trial evaluated AVO on the basis of these results, but the study was underpowered. OBJECTIVE: To increase statistical power, data from SMART-AV patients meeting the inclusion criterion of interventricular delay ≥70 ms were pooled with data from SMART-CRT to reassess AVO. METHODS: SMART-CRT and SMART-AV were prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trials. Patients in both studies were randomized to be programmed with an AVO algorithm (SmartDelay) or fixed AV delay (120 ms). Paired echocardiograms obtained at baseline and 6 months were compared, with CRT response defined as ≥15% reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume. RESULTS: A total of 451 complete patient data sets were pooled and analyzed. The baseline demographics between studies did not differ statistically in terms of age, sex, left ventricular ejection fraction, or left ventricular end-systolic volume. The AVO group had a greater proportion of CRT responders (SmartDelay, 73.9%; fixed, 63.1%; P = .014) and greater changes in measures of reverse remodeling. SmartDelay patients with a recommended sensed AV delay outside the nominal range (100-120 ms) had 2.3 greater odds of CRT response than fixed AV delay patients. CONCLUSION: Greater CRT response and measures of reverse remodeling were observed in patients with SmartDelay enabled vs a fixed AV delay. This study supports the use of SmartDelay in patients with a CRT indication and interventricular delay ≥70 ms. GOV REGISTRATION: NCT00677014 and NCT03089281.
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BACKGROUND: Left bundle branch pacing (LBBP) and left ventricular septal pacing (LVSP) are referred to as left bundle branch area pacing. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether long-term clinical outcomes differ in patients undergoing LBBP, LVSP, and biventricular pacing (BiVP) for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). METHODS: Consecutive patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF <50%) undergoing CRT were prospectively enrolled if they underwent successful LBBP, LVSP, or BiVP. The primary composite end point was all-cause mortality or heart failure hospitalization. Secondary end points included all-cause mortality, heart failure hospitalization, and echocardiographic measures of reverse remodeling. RESULTS: A total of 259 patients (68 LBBP, 38 LVSP, and 153 BiVP) were observed for a mean duration of 28.8 ± 15.8 months. LBBP was associated with a significantly reduced risk of the primary end point by 78% compared with both BiVP (7.4% vs 41.2%; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.22 [0.08-0.57]; P = .002) and LVSP (7.4% vs 47.4%; aHR, 0.22 [0.08-0.63]; P = .004]. The adjusted risk of all-cause mortality was significantly higher in LVSP than in BiVP (31.6% vs 7.2%; aHR, 3.19 [1.38-7.39]; P = .007) but comparable between LBBP and BiVP (2.9% vs 7.2%; aHR, 0.33 [0.07-1.52], P = .155). Propensity score adjustment also obtained similar results. LBBP showed a higher rate of echocardiographic response (ΔLVEF ≥10%: 60.0% vs 36.2% vs 16.1%; P < .001) than BiVP or LVSP. CONCLUSION: LBBP yielded long-term clinical outcomes superior to those of BiVP and LVSP. The role of LVSP for CRT needs to be reevaluated because of its high mortality risk.
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Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca/métodos , Idoso , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/mortalidade , Resultado do Tratamento , Ecocardiografia , Fascículo Atrioventricular/fisiopatologia , Volume Sistólico/fisiologia , Septo Interventricular/fisiopatologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Seguimentos , Função Ventricular Esquerda/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Bloqueio de Ramo/terapia , Bloqueio de Ramo/fisiopatologia , Fatores de Tempo , Remodelação Ventricular/fisiologiaAssuntos
Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Volume Sistólico , Humanos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Volume Sistólico/fisiologia , Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca/métodos , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiopatologia , Estimulação Cardíaca Artificial/métodosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Cryoablation therapy for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) to treat paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is well established. A novel 28 mm cryoballoon system designed to operate under low pressure to safely reach a lower nadir temperature and maintain constant balloon size during cooling has not been prospectively studied in a large patient population for safety and efficacy. The FROZEN AF (NCT04133168) trial was an international multicenter, open-label, prospective, single-arm study on the safety and performance of a novel cryoballoon system for treatment of PAF. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study enrolled patients at 44 sites in 10 countries across North America, Europe, and Asia. Subjects were indicated for PVI treatment of PAF and had failed or were intolerant of one or more antiarrhythmic drugs. Procedural outcomes were defined based on the 2017 HRS consensus statement. Follow-up was performed at 7 days, 3, 6, and 12 months. Data are reported as mean ± SD or median (IQR). PVI was performed with a 28 mm cryoballoon in 325 drug refractory PAF patients. Complete PVI was achieved in 95.7% of patients. In cryoablation lesions longer than 60 s, 60.1% of PV isolations required only a single cryoballoon application. Procedure related complications included: phrenic nerve palsy [temporary 4 (1.2%), persistent 0 (0.0%)], cardiac tamponade/perforation 2 (0.6%), and air embolism 1 (0.3%). Freedom from documented atrial arrhythmia recurrence at 12 months was 79.9% (AF 82.7%, AFL 96.5%, AT 98.1%), antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) were continued or re-initiated in 26.8% of patients after the 3-month blanking period. Additionally, an extension arm enrolled 50 pts for treatment with 28/31 mm variable size cryoballoon. A single temporary PNP occurred in this group, which resolved before discharge. Freedom from documented recurrence at 12 months in these pts was 82.0%. CONCLUSIONS: This novel cryoballoon may facilitate PVI to treat PAF, providing more options to address the variety of anatomies present in patients with PAF. This cryoballoon system proved to be safe and effective for treatment of patients with drug refractory or drug intolerant PAF.
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Fibrilação Atrial , Ablação por Cateter , Criocirurgia , Traumatismos Cardíacos , Veias Pulmonares , Humanos , Antiarrítmicos/uso terapêutico , Fibrilação Atrial/diagnóstico , Fibrilação Atrial/cirurgia , Fibrilação Atrial/epidemiologia , Ablação por Cateter/efeitos adversos , Ablação por Cateter/métodos , Criocirurgia/efeitos adversos , Criocirurgia/métodos , Traumatismos Cardíacos/etiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Veias Pulmonares/cirurgia , Recidiva , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The DF-4 defibrillator standard has been rapidly adopted due to its convenience at implantation. There are however trade-offs compared to the traditional DF-1 standard that are underappreciated. This viewpoint outlines the advantages and limitations of current defibrillator lead standards that should be kept in mind, as they impact the options that are available to deal with issues that may arise.
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Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca , Desfibriladores Implantáveis , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Humanos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) using biventricular pacing (BVP) has been associated with greater clinical improvement in women than men. Recently, left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has been shown to be an alternative form of CRT. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate sex-specific outcomes for death and heart failure events in a large, international, multicenter, cohort of patients undergoing CRT with BVP or LBBAP. METHODS: In this international study of 1,778 patients (575 female and 1203 male), sex-specific survival analysis was performed to compare the effect of LBBAP-CRT relative to BVP-CRT on the combined endpoint of death or heart failure hospitalization (HFH), and secondary endpoints of HFH only, and death alone. RESULTS: Female patients were more likely to have nonischemic cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block (LBBB) and less likely to have hypertension, diabetes, or coronary artery disease than were male patients. Overall, female patients had a better result with LBBAP compared with BVP than did male patients, with a significant 36% reduction in death or HFH (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.97; P = 0.03) and a significant 60% reduction in HFH alone (HR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.69, P < 0.01). Women had a greater reduction in death or HFH among those with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (HR: 0.45 95% CI: 0.26 to 0.79; P < 0.01) and LBBB (HR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.87; P < 0.01). Sex-specific echocardiographic outcomes were better in women than in men. CONCLUSIONS: Women obtained significantly greater reductions in the combined endpoint of death or HFH (primarily driven by reduction in HFH) with LBBAP compared with BVP among patients requiring CRT than did men.
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Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca , Cardiomiopatias , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Terapia de Ressincronização Cardíaca/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Bloqueio de Ramo , Cardiomiopatias/terapiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: In stereotactic arrhythmia radioablation (STAR), the target is defined using multiple imaging studies and a multidisciplinary team consisting of electrophysiologist, cardiologist, cardiac radiologist, and radiation oncologist collaborate to identify the target and delineate it on the imaging studies of interest. This report describes the workflow employed in our radiotherapy department to transfer the target identified based on electrophysiology and cardiology imaging to the treatment planning image set. METHODS: The radiotherapy team was presented with an initial target in cardiac axes orientation, contoured on a wideband late gadolinium-enhanced (WB-LGE) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) study, which was subsequently transferred to the computed tomography (CT) scan used for treatment planning-i.e., the average intensity projection (AIP) image set derived from a 4D CT-via an axial CMR image set, using rigid image registration focused on the target area. The cardiac and the respiratory motion of the target were resolved using ciné-CMR and 4D CT imaging studies, respectively. RESULTS: The workflow was carried out for 6 patients and resulted in an internal target defined in standard anatomical orientation that encompassed the cardiac and the respiratory motion of the initial target. CONCLUSION: An image registration-based workflow was implemented to render the STAR target on the planning image set in a consistent manner, using commercial software traditionally available for radiation therapy.