Association between Physical Inactivity and Metabolic Syndrome in South-West Nigeria.

BACKGROUND: We assessed the prevalence of physical inactivity and its association with metabolic syndrome in a rural community and an urban community in South-west Nigeria. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study among healthy volunteers 18 years and above was conducted in urban (Ikeja) and rural (Ilara-Akaka) communities in Lagos and Ogun State, respectively, using a multi-stage sampling technique. Selfreported physical activity [measured in metabolic equivalent (MET)] was assessed using the World Health Organization Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was assessed using the definition recommended by the Joint Interim Statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force. Regression analysis of factors associated with physical inactivity was done using IBM Statistics version 26. RESULTS: A total of 437 participants were recruited with a median age of 45 years (IQR 38,56). The prevalence of physical inactivity was 24.9%. There was a significant negative correlation between metabolic syndrome components and total MET except for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Being a female (AOR 1.9 95% CI 1.0 - 3.5, p=0.040), living in an urban community (AOR 1.81 95% CI 1.1 - 2.9, p=0.014), and having metabolic syndrome (AOR 3.98 95% CI 2.2 - 6.7, p <0.001) were associated with physical inactivity. Having raised fasting plasma glucose, elevated blood pressure, increased waist circumference, and reduced HDL cholesterol were associated with physical inactivity. CONCLUSION: There was an association between metabolic syndrome and its components with physical inactivity. In order to mitigate the effects of metabolic syndrome, public health actions that will promote physical activity, especially in urban communities, are urgently needed.

CONTEXTE: Nous avons évalué la prévalence de l'inactivité physique et son association avec le syndrome métabolique dans une communauté rurale et une communauté urbaine du sud-ouest du Nigeria. MÉTHODES: Une étude descriptive transversale a été menée auprès de volontaires sains âgés de 18 ans et plus dans des communautés urbaines (Ikeja) et rurales (Ilara-Akaka) des États de Lagos et d'Ogun, respectivement, à l'aide d'une technique d'échantillonnage à plusieurs degrés. L'activité physique autodéclarée [mesurée en équivalent métabolique (MET)] a été évaluée à l'aide du questionnaire global sur l'activité physique de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé. Le syndrome métabolique a été évalué à l'aide de la définition recommandée par le Joint Interim Statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force. L'analyse de régression des facteurs associés à l'inactivité physique a été effectuée à l'aide de IBM Statistics version 26. RÉSULTATS: Un total de 437 participants ont été recrutés avec un âge médian de 45 ans (IQR 38,56). La prévalence de l'inactivité physique était de 24,9 %. Il y avait une corrélation négative significative entre les composants du syndrome métabolique et le MET total, à l'exception du cholestérol à lipoprotéines de haute densité (HDL). Le fait d'être une femme (AOR 1,9 IC 95 % 1,0 - 3,5, p=0,040), de vivre dans une communauté urbaine (AOR 1,81 IC 95 % 1,1 - 2,9, p=0,014) et d'avoir un syndrome métabolique (AOR 3,98 IC 95 % 2,2 - 6,7, p<0,001) était associé à l'inactivité physique. Une glycémie à jeun élevée, une pression artérielle élevée, un tour de taille accru et un taux de cholestérol HDL réduit étaient associés à l'inactivité physique. CONCLUSION: Il existe une association entre le syndrome métabolique et ses composantes et la sédentarité. Afin d'atténuer les effets du syndrome métabolique, il est urgent de mettre en place des actions de santé publique visant à promouvoir l'activité physique, en particulier dans les communautés urbaines. Mots clés: Inactivité physique, syndrome métabolique, Nigeria.

Serological evidence of HIV, Hepatitis B, C, and E viruses among liver disease patients attending tertiary hospitals in Osun State, Nigeria.

Hepatitis infection in HIV positive individuals with liver diseases causes high mortality worldwide. HIV worsens the pathological effect of hepatitis viruses and potentiates reactivation of latent hepatitis infections due to reduced immunity. This research therefore aimed to study the occurrence of HIV and hepatitis viruses among liver diseases patients (LVDP) attending tertiary hospitals in Osun State, southwestern Nigeria. A total of 121 LVDP blood samples collected were tested for HIV and Hepatitis B, C, and E using and enzyme linked Immunossorbent assay (ELISA). Data were analyzed using packages within SPSS and P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Prevalence of 32.2%, 0.8%, 10.7%, and 18.2% for HBsAg, Anti-HCV, HEV-IgM, and HIV were found respectively. Marital status showed a significant association with HEV-IgM infection (χ2 = 9.869, P = .020). The prevalence of HBsAg, HEV, and HIV among LVDP in Osun State is alarming and health education among the patients and general populace is hereby advocated. High HEV-IgM seroprevalence implies that HEV routine screening should be incorporated into blood screening. Since HEV is associated with unhygienic practice, people should be enlightened on how to improve their living conditions.

High seroprevalence of viral hepatitis among animal handlers in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.

Viral hepatitis is a deadly disease which can manifest as acute, chronic, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Information about hepatitis is scarce among animal handlers. Due to Federal Government of Nigeria diversification programmes, many people are now involved in animal farming which can make them susceptible to viral hepatitis. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of Hepatitis B, C, and E viruses among animal handlers in Abeokuta, southwestern Nigerian. A total of 156 subjects were recruited for the study. Sociodemographic and risks factors data were fetched from subjects using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Blood samples were collected via venepuncture and tested for HCV, HBV, and HEV using ELISA technique. Results were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0 and P value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. The prevalence of HCV, HBV, and HEV were 46 (29.5%), 20 (12.8%), and 4 (2.6%) respectively while 6 (3.8%), 1 (0.6%), and 1 (0.6%) had co-infection of HBV-HCV, HBV-HEV, and HCV- HEV respectively. This study concludes that there is high prevalence of hepatitis C and B viruses among animal handlers in Abeokuta, Ogun state which is of significant public health problem, warranting further attention and research.

High Viral Hepatitis Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital Ibadan (AMTHI) Oyo State, Nigeria.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) are highly endemic in several African countries including Nigeria with adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes resulting in fatality. This study aimed to determine the viral hepatitis in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic, AMTHI. Informed consent questionnaire was administered before blood collection via venipuncture. a total of 904 pregnant women plasma samples were tested for HBV, HCV, and HEV using ELISA kit. Data was analyzed using packages within SPSS software and P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Out of 904 samples analyzed, the overall prevalence of hepatitis infections among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in AMTHI was 66(7.3%). High prevalence of the hepatitis infections was found among young women within the age group 21-30 which might be associated with active sex, intravenous drug use, sharing of sharp objects and alcoholism. Blood group O Positive had the highest prevalence of hepatitis. There was statistical significance between blood group and HBsAg infection (P < .05). Genotype AA women had highest prevalence of hepatitis. This study showed significant association between HBsAg, HCV, and HEV positive status with blood group O positive and Genotype AA pregnant women.