'A voice of children: I would like a hospital just for children' - Children's perspectives on hospitalization: A phenomenological study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore children's perception of hospital experience and interpretations of hospitalization. DESIGN AND METHODS: Phenomenological qualitative study design was used. The sample consisted of 18 participants (seven-18 years old) from a general paediatric ward in a university hospital recruited using criterion sampling, a purposive sampling method. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face and were audio recorded. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The participants talked about the symptoms, limitations and treatments of their diseases, as well as the team communication, lack of activity and physical conditions regarding the hospital. It was seen that the children reported each expression with positive or negative emotions. Finally, they did not neglect to mention their desires regarding the hospital and their daily life. Four main themes emerged "hospital, disease, mood, and desires". CONCLUSIONS: Health professionals should care about the needs of children during hospitalization and children should be allowed to express themselves. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Knowing and understanding the needs of hospitalized children can guide the planning and implementation of quality nursing care processes.

Hospital quality of life for children: development of a new measurement tool for hospitalised children.

Background: Hospitalisation affects children's quality of life (QoL) regardless of illness, treatment and care. Aims: The objective of this study was to create an instrument for evaluating QoL of hospitalised children aged 7 to 18 years. Methods: Initially, 46 items for the preliminary Hospital Quality of Life for Children Scale (HQL-children) were developed through a combination of literature reviews and individual interviews. The study was conducted with 230 participants from a general paediatric ward of a hospital. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine the construct, convergent and discriminant validities of the measure. Criterion validity was assessed by confirming split-half reliability, whereas reliability was established using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results: The HQL-child scale consists of 17 items and the total variance is 51.14%. The scale is categorised into five sub-dimensions: illness, fear, activity, hospital and perception. The scale demonstrated construct, convergent and divergent validity, discriminant and split-half reliability, with Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.75. Conclusions: The scale is a promising instrument to determine children's perception by capturing their experiences on hospitalisation. Assessing the QoL in hospitalised children is crucial for enhancing patient satisfaction and facilitating the development of health policies based on patient self-reporting in Turkey.

Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Epilepsy Module of the KINDL Quality of Life Scale.

Introduction: This study aims to present the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the KINDLE quality of life scale, epilepsy module. Method: The psychometric properties of the KINDL Epilepsy module were evaluated from the aspect of internal consistency, reliability, and construct validity on an inpatient sample of 159 Turkish children (mean age 10.84±2.77 years) who had epilepsy. Results: The KINDL Epilepsy module (36 items) showed acceptable αcoefficients ranging from 0.80 (social well-being) to 0.55 (treatment) for each domain. EFA suggested three sub-dimensions that we named as Physical, Mental and Social Well-being sub-dimensions. Root Mean Square Error of Approximation was found as 0.053, and Comparative Fit Index was 0.95. Good known groups results supported the construct validity of the instrument. Correlations between the income perception, family support and Duration of Epilepsy and the domains of its Epilepsy module were significantly high, indicating a satisfactory convergent validity. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the KINDL Epilepsy module showed module is a promising tool in this study. However, further research on the versions of the module in other languages is needed for its global use.

Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale- Self Report Form (WFIRSS- TR). / Weiss Islevsellikte Bozulma Ölçegi-Özbildirim Formu Türkçe Güvenilirligi ve Geçerliligi.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the validity and reliability of the WFIRS-S-TR, Turkish version of the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Self Report form. METHOD: The study comprised two groups of participants of 15-18 years of age, one consisting of 35 children diagnosed with attention deficit and hyperativity disorder (ADHD) based on the DSM-IV criteria and the other, 510 healthy volunteers attending high school. Apart from the WFIRS-S-TR, the Health Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (KIDSCREEN-10 Index) which is a general quality of life and functionality measurement instrument, was used to check the concurrent validity of the WFIRS-S-TR. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total scale was 0.939. The test-retest reliability assessed by repeated measurements two weeks apart gave a high correlation between the results (r=0.804, p<0.0001). Total mean score of the WFIRS-S-TR showed significant correlation with the KIDSCREEN-10 Index total mean score (r= -0.467, p<0.0001). Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out for the construct validity of the WFIRS-S-TR. The RMSEA and the CFI values were found to be 0.065 and 0.68, respectively. CONCLUSION: The WFIRS-S-TR can be used as a valid and reliable tool both in clinical practice and for research purposes.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale for children aged 11­17 years

Background/aim: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale - Child Form. Materials and methods: The study sample consisted of 32 patients treated in a child psychiatry unit and diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder and 98 healthy volunteers who were attending middle or high school during the study period. For the assessment, the Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) was also used along with the DSM-5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale - Child Form. Results: Regarding reliability analyses, the Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated as 0.932. The test-retest correlation coefficient was calculated as r = 0.707. As for construct validity, one factor that could explain 62.6% of the variance was obtained and this was consistent with the original construct of the scale. As for concurrent validity, the scale showed a high correlation with SCARED. Conclusion: It was concluded that Turkish version of the DSM-5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale - Child Form could be utilized as a valid and reliable tool both in clinical practice and for research purposes.

Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Severity Scale-Child Form.

INTRODUCTION: This study assessed the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Severity Scale-Child Form for use among the Turkish population. METHODS: The study group consisted of 30 patients that had been treated in a child psychiatry unit and diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder and 83 healthy volunteers that were attending middle or high school during the study period. For reliability analyses, the internal consistency coefficient and the test-retest correlation coefficient were measured. For validity analyses, the exploratory factor analysis and correlation analysis with the Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index for concurrent validity were measured. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha (the internal consistency coefficient) of the scale was 0.909, and the test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.663. One factor that could explain 58.5% of the variance was obtained and was congruent with the original construct of the scale. As for concurrent validity, the scale showed high correlation with the Child Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Severity Scale-Child Form can be used as a valid and reliable tool.

Validity and Reliability of the Turkish version of DSM-5 Social Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale- Child Form.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of Mental Disorders. (5th ed.) (DSM-5) Social Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale- Child Form. METHOD: The scale was prepared by carrying out the translation and back translation of the DSM-5 Social Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale - Child Form. The study group consisted of 31 patients that had been treated in a child psychiatry unit and diagnosed with social anxiety disorder and 99 healthy volunteers that were attending middle or high school during the study period. For the assessment, the Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) was also used along with the DSM-5 Social Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale - Child Form. RESULTS: Regarding reliability analyses, Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient was calculated as 0.941, while item-total score correlation coefficients were measured between 0.566 and 0.866. A test-retest correlation coefficient was calculated as r=0.711. As for construct validity, one factor that could explain 66.0 % of the variance was obtained. As for concurrent validity, the scale showed a high correlation with the SCARED. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Social Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale - Child Form could be utilized as a valid and reliable tool both in clinical practice and for research purposes.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Dissociative Symptoms Severity Scale-Child Form.

The goal of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) Dissociative Symptoms Severity Scale-Child Form. The scale was prepared by translating and then back-translating the DSM-5 Dissociative Symptoms Severity Scale. The study groups included one group of 30 patients diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder who were treated in a child and adolescent psychiatry unit and another group of 83 healthy volunteers from middle and high schools in the community. For assessment, the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (ADES) was used in addition to the DSM-5 Dissociative Symptoms Severity Scale. Regarding the reliability of the DSM-5 Dissociative Symptoms Severity Scale, Cronbach's alpha was .824 and item-total score correlation coefficients were between .464 and .648. The test-retest correlation coefficient was calculated to be r = .784. In terms of construct validity, one factor accounted for 45.2% of the variance. Furthermore, in terms of concurrent validity, the scale showed a high correlation with the ADES. In conclusion, the Turkish version of the DSM-5 Dissociative Symptoms Severity Scale-Child Form is a valid and reliable tool for both clinical practice and research.

Psychometric properties of the oncology module of the KINDL scale: first results.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Oncology module of the generic KINDL scale (having 24 items with 6 domains). METHODS: The psychometric properties of the KINDL Oncology module were evaluated from the aspect of internal consistency, reliability, and construct validity on an inpatient sample of 103 Turkish children (mean age 10.0 ± 4.01 years) who had various oncological disorders. RESULTS: The KINDL Oncology module (24 items) showed acceptable α coefficients ranging from .57 (physical well-being) to .87 (treatment) for each domain. In confirmatory factor analysis of the original 4-domain structure, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation was found as .086, and Comparative Fit Index was .87. Good known groups results supported the construct validity of the instrument. Correlations between the domains of the mother KINDL and the domains of its oncology module were significantly high, indicating a satisfactory convergent validity. CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the KINDL Oncology module showed good reliability and questionable validity in this study. However, further research on other language versions of the module is needed for its global use.

Evaluation of sleep quality and anxiety-depression parameters in asthmatic children and their mothers.

BACKGROUND: Having a child with a chronic disease may cause anxiety and depression and impair the sleep quality in the mothers. The aim of this study was to evaluate sleep quality in asthmatic children and their mothers as well as the status of anxiety-depression in the mothers. METHODS: Study group consisted of 75 asthmatic children aged between 7 and 16 years (mean+/-SD 8.4+/-2.9) and the control group consisted of 46 healthy children aged between 7 and 15 years (mean+/-SD 9.1+/-3.6). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was administered to both the children and their mothers while Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was administered only to the mothers. RESULTS: Total PSQI score of the mothers in the asthmatic group was significantly correlated with asthma severity of the children (r=0.49, p=0.00). There was a significant correlation between asthma symptom score and sleep disturbing factors subscore in children with asthma (r=0.34, p=0.01). Moreover, anxiety and depression subscores of the mothers in the asthma group were significantly higher (p=0.02). CONCLUSION: Asthma may be associated with altered sleep quality in children and their mothers. Similarly, mothers of children with asthma may have disorder of anxiety and depression. Therefore, children with and their mothers need to be assessed for the requirement of support regarding sleep quality and anxiety-depression status.

The association of self-esteem, depression and body satisfaction with obesity among Turkish adolescents.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and to examine the effects of actual weight status, perceived weight status and body satisfaction on self-esteem and depression in a high school population in Turkey. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 2101 tenth-grade Turkish adolescents aged 15-18 was conducted. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using weight and height measures. The overweight and obesity were based on the age- and gender-specific BMI cut-off points of the International Obesity Task Force values. Self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and depression was measured using Children's Depression Inventory. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine relationships among the variables. RESULTS: Based on BMI cut-off points, 9.0% of the students were overweight and 1.1% were obese. Logistic regression analysis indicated that (1) being male and being from a higher socio-economical level were important in the prediction of overweight based on BMI; (2) being female and being from a higher socio-economical level were important in the prediction of perceived overweight; (3) being female was important in the prediction of body dissatisfaction; (4) body dissatisfaction was related to low self-esteem and depression, perceived overweight was related only to low self-esteem but actual overweight was not related to low self-esteem and depression in adolescents. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that school-based adolescents in urban Turkey have a lower risk of overweight and obesity than adolescents in developed countries. The findings of this study suggest that psychological well-being of adolescents is more related to body satisfaction than actual and perceived weight status is.