Comparison of Peritoneal Cytology Results Before and After Resection in Gastric Cancer Patients.

OBJECTIVE: Peritoneal cytology is used to detect the peritoneal spread of gastric cancer and to assess survival rate. The aim of this study was to compare the risk factors, recurrence, and survival of gastric cancer patients with positive and negative peritoneal cytology before and after resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with gastric cancer who underwent elective surgery were retrospectively analysed. The study covered a period between September 2018 and September 2020. After applying the exclusion criteria, 57 patients were included in the study. For the purpose of this study, peritoneal cytology was taken from the same three intra-abdominal regions before and after resection from patients with operable gastric cancer. RESULTS: Of the 57 patients included in the study, 36 (63.2%) were male patients and 21 (36.8%) were female patients. Preoperative or postoperative malignant cytology was detected in 12 patients (21.1%). Tumour diameter was larger in patients with preoperatively detected malignant cytology than in the patients with postoperatively positive malignant cytology (66.67 mm vs. 44.44 mm) (p = 0.006). The recurrence rate was higher in patients with preoperative and postoperative positive cytology than in those with negative cytology (p = 0.019). The survival of patients with preoperative malignant cytology was worse than the survival of patients with preoperative benign cytology (p = 0.011). A significant correlation was found between lymphovascular invasion (+), perineural invasion (+), T4, Stage 3 disease, number of malignant lymph nodes, and preoperative cytology positivity (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: In our study, we found that the preoperative cytology positivity is associated with lymphovascular invasion positivity, perineural invasion positivity, T4 tumour, Stage 3 disease, and the number of malignant lymph nodes. Postoperative positive cytology was not associated with the same variables. Because of the significant associations in preoperative positivity, fluid samples should be obtained immediately after the abdomen is open and before the tumour is manipulated. If possible, fluid samples should be taken from different quadrants, but if the sample is to be taken from a single quadrant, it should be taken from the pelvis.

Long-Term Efficacy of Single-Incision Laparoscopic Intragastric Resection in Treating Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), the most common mesenchymal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract, are increasingly treated with minimally invasive surgeries. Developed techniques include laparoscopic, endoscopic, and hybrid methods for gastric GIST resection. Our study, focusing on single-incision laparoscopic intragastric resection for gastric GISTs, aims to evaluate its safety, efficacy, and long-term outcomes. In a retrospective study of GIST surgery involving 14 patients who underwent single-incision laparoscopic intragastric resections, we analyzed and compared their preoperative demographics, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores, tumor size, neoadjuvant treatment, operation duration, hospital stay, mitotic and Ki-67 indexes, and histological features with those of patients who underwent open and laparoscopic wedge resections, to assess the impact on both survival and disease-free survival. Average operation time was 93.07 minutes (range 81-120 minutes). Average blood loss: 67 ± 20 mL (range 40-110 mL). Postoperative hospital stay averaged 6.79 days (range 4-16 days). Strong correlations were observed between preoperative and pathological tumor sizes (P = .001, P < .001). Survival analysis indicated a significant association with ASA scores (P = .031), but not with mitotic index, Ki-67, or tumor size. Average survival was 80.57 months, with no recurrence or metastasis during follow-up. Based on our experience, the single-incision laparoscopic intragastric resection method emerges as a highly efficient, timesaving, and gentle oncological procedure, providing a safe and minimally invasive alternative resulting in shorter hospital stays and excellent long-term outcomes with minimal recurrence. For more definitive conclusions, larger, multicenter, and prospective studies are recommended.

The impact of the preoperative red blood cell distribution width on weight loss prediction after sleeve gastrectomy.

AIM: We aimed to evaluate whether RDW has a predictive impact on weight loss after obesity surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a single-institution retrospective study. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the variables affecting the %EBMIL and %EWL values. Surgery of patients with %EMBIL > 50% and %EWL > 25% was considered successful. RESULTS: Hundred and ten patients were included in the study. The %EBMIL and %EWL values of patients with RDW>14.5% were lower. In the evaluation of successful surgeries, the probability of failure for those with RDW>14.5% is 10.93 times higher for %EBMIL and 21.55 times for %EWL. DISCUSSION: After the linear regression analysis, it was observed that the %EBMIL and %EWL were higher in the patients whose RDW values were 14.5 and below in the preoperative period. In these patients, it is an indication that more weight loss has occurred. Similar to our study, Wise et al. showed that weight loss was greater with a decrease in the RDW value 10. CONCLUSION: Preoperative RDW value can be used as a predictor of weight loss and surgical success. It can provide an idea about whether the patient will lose enough weight and the success of the surgery. KEY WORDS: Prediction, RDW, Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Tension-free inguinal hernia repair with transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in elderly high-risk patients.

BACKGROUND: Inguinal hernia repair is still being studied today because it is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the world and is used in people of all ages. Although many centers use spinal anesthetic to treat inguinal hernias, complications such as hypotension from peripheral vasodilation, delayed mobilization from paralysis, urine retention and post-spinal headache might occur. Regional blocks are a significant component of multimodal anaesthesia that promotes postoperative recovery. Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a regional anesthetic block technique that is effective on the parietal peritoneum, skin, and anterior abdominal wall. METHODS: This study aimed to show that TAP block administration may be done safely without the use of an extra anesthetic treatment, especially in older patients who may experience complications from general or spinal anesthesia. Without either general, spinal or epidural anesthetic, we conducted a tension-free - Lichtenstein - inguinal hernia repair operation with only TAP block application. This retrospective case-control study received ethics committee approval (decision number 21-5T/108). Between September and December 2019, patients who underwent elective Lichtenstein hernia repair in our clinic were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: We think that inguinal hernia repair can be safely performed with only TAP block and that TAP block application has fewer anaesthesia-related complications such as postspinal headache and urinary retention compared with spinal anaesthesia, and that it can be used as an alternative to spinal anaesthesia in patients who cannot tolerate general anaesthesia. CONCLUSION: Even hernia surgery can be very challenging in patients with advanced age and comorbidities. We wanted to show the feasibility of the TAP block method as an alternative to anaesthesia in such patients.

Nonoperative Management of Leaks After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy With Endoscopic Stents in a Tertiary Referral Center.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a frequently performed operation. Leaks are formidable complications; however, the optimal management of these leaks is controversial. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 15 patients referred to our tertiary center between 2012 and 2016 with leaks after LSG. RESULTS: In 12 patients with whom ongoing leaks were identified, stents were inserted with the intent of definitive therapy. In addition to attempts at source control, percutaneous drainage was carried out for intraabdominal collection in 9 patients and pleural effusion in 4 patients. The length of stay in the intensive care unit was significantly shorter in patients referred earlier or in those without any intervention. CONCLUSION: LSG leaks can be treated nonoperatively in well-organized centers under meticulously designed protocols, depending on the clinical condition of the patient.

Improving the quality of operation notes: Effect of using proforma, audit and education sessions.

BACKGROUND: Both from a medical and legal point of view, the quality of operative notes are important. In this study we hypothesized that the quality of operation notes could be improved by audit, education session and using a proforma. METHODS: A total of 150 operation notes were audited for compliance with the Royal College of Surgeons guidelines. Results were announced in-clinic training session and guidelines were discussed. An aide-memoire containing guideline parameters placed in the operating theaters. After eight months, operation reports were re-audited on an equal number of patients. An operative note proforma was developed and third audit was carried out. The results of each audit were compared. RESULTS: In the first audit, it was found that fourteen parameters were written with more than 90% accuracy. The first audit revealed seven poor areas in documentation: time of operation (0%), identification of emergency/elective procedure (0%), identification of any prosthesis or devices used (65.3%), details of closure technique (36.6%), name of anesthesiologist (0%), patient position (1.3%), and amount of bleeding (0%). In the second audit there was an incomplete, but significant improvement in these seven parameters (28%, 28.6%, 82%, 75.3%, 31.3%, 32%, and 34% respectively). Following introduction of the proforma; third audit cycle demonstrated a clear improvement in operation note documentation with at least 80% compliance in all parameters. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the accuracy of the operating room documents can be improved through audits, education of surgeon and using proformas. The use of proforma provides much better results.

Retrospective evaluation of candidemic patients among general surgery department in a tertiary care university hospital.

OBJECTIVES: Candida species are among the most important causes of hospital acquired blood borne infections, and with high rates of mortality and morbidity, these infections are still a major problem today. History of gastrointestinal surgery, administration of total parenteral nutrition and/or wide spectrum antibiotics and immune suppression following organ transplantations are considered serious risk factors for these infections. This study aimed to evaluate the patients from our general surgery department with diagnosed candidemia; by means of strain, treatment and prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with positive blood cultures for Candida species who were treated in the wards and Ege University Faculty of Medicine general surgery department of surgical intensive care units of our between 2012 and 2017 were retrospectively analyzed by means of strain, treatment and prognosis. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study. Mean age was 58.96 years and 54% of the patients were female. There were nine patients with organ transplantation (four liver and five kidney transplantations), six with intestinal perforation and three with anastomotic leakage. Isolated strains were Candida albicans (36%; 18/50), Candida tropicalis (14%; 7/50), Candida glabrata (12%; 6/50), Candida parapsilosis (8%; 4/50), Candida kefyr (6%; 3/50), Candida krusei (4%; 2/50), Candida pulcherrima (2%; 1/50), Cryptococcus neoformans (2%, 1/50), Geotrichum capitatum (2%, 1/50), Candida spp. (unidentified, 14%; 7/50) with decreasing frequency. The highest antifungal sensitivity rates (> 90%) were measured for amphotericin B, voriconazole and echinocandins among all isolates. One-month mortality rate was 43.4% (20/46). Documented eradication was achieved among 24 of the 33 patients who had control blood culture samples (72.7%), and mean eradication time was 7.6 days. Echocardiography was performed in 14% (7/50) and ophthalmic examination in 8% (4/50). CONCLUSION: Although C. albicans appears to be the dominant strain in patients with candidemia, frequencies of other strains are increasing. Early diagnosis and treatment of patients with candidemia is of vital importance due to high mortality and morbidity rates.

The effect of antireflux surgery on laryngeal symptoms, findings and voice parameters.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of laparoscopic antireflux surgery (LARS) on the laryngeal symptoms, physical findings and voice parameters of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients with or without laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). Forty-one GERD patients predominantly with LPR symptoms (Group I) and twenty-six GERD patients without LPR symptoms (Group II) who had LARS were prospectively analysed before and 2 years after the surgery. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, 24-h ambulatory pH or MII-pH monitoring was performed in all cases. A reflux study group including specialists from five departments in a university hospital decided surgical indications. Patients were asked to fill out a validated LPR and voice quality questionnaire (Reflux Symptom Index and Voice Handicap Index-10). Laryngeal findings were evaluated and scored using a laryngoscopic grading scale [Reflux Finding Score (RFS)], by four blinded ENT specialists. GRBAS scale was done by a blinded otolaryngologist. Voice parameters were measured objectively via the Multi Dimensional Voice Programme (MDVP). The mean age was 45.8 ± 8.5 for Group I (24 men) and 48.9 ± 12.3 for Group II (16 men). The mean follow-up after LARS was 24.5 ± 1.3 months for Group I and 25.2 ± 1.1 months for Group II. The preoperative mean score of RSI was 22.8 ± 7.4 vs. 11.2 ± 6.6; RFS was 10.6 ± 2.3 vs. 5.7 ± 2.5 and VHI was 18.07 ± 4.4 vs. 10.86 ± 3.3 for Group I and II, respectively. The postoperative mean score of RSI was 12.9 ± 6.4 vs. 8.4 ± 4.5; RFS was 6.9 ± 2.0 vs. 4.5 ± 2.3 and VHI was 9.59 ± 4.4 vs. 7.95 ± 3.5 for Group I and II, respectively. Group I had significantly lower RSI and RFS scores following LARS compared to the preoperative scores. LARS successfully improved RFS, RSI and VHI in carefully selected patients with GERD, especially the signs and symptoms related to the larynx and voice. Although the indications for LARS are limited in patients with LPR symptoms, these results favor the decision-making period of LARS.

Prognostic factors in peptic ulcer perforations: a retrospective 14-year study.

Regarding the complications of peptic ulcer, a perforation remains the most important fatal complication. The aim of our retrospective study was to determine relations between postoperative morbidity and comorbid disease or perioperative risk factors in perforated peptic ulcer. In total, 239 patients who underwent emergency surgery for perforated peptic ulcer in Ege University General Surgery Department, between June 1999 and May 2013 were included in this study. The clinical data concerning the patient characteristics, operative methods, and complications were collected retrospectively. One hundred seventy-five of the 239 patients were male (73.2%) and 64 were female (26.8%). Mean American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score was 1 in the patients without morbidity, but mean ASA score was 3 in the morbidity and mortality groups. Primary suture and omentoplasty was the selected procedure in 228 of the patients. Eleven patients underwent resection. In total, 105 patients (43.9%) had comorbidities. Thirty-seven patients (67.3%) in the morbidity group had comorbid diseases. Thirteen (92.9%) patients in the mortality group had comorbid diseases. Perforation as a complication of peptic ulcer disease still remains among the frequent indications of urgent abdominal surgery. Among the analyzed parameters, age, ASA score, and having comorbid disease were found to have an effect on both mortality and morbidity. The controversial subject in the present study is regarding the duration of symptoms. The duration of symptoms had no effect on mortality nor morbidity in our study.

Life-threatening abdominal injury during a soccer game: a rare clinical case.

Soccer (football) is a popular sport worldwide and can result in severe abdominal injuries. Nevertheless, the necessity of surgical intervention for abdominal organ injuries has been reported rarely. We report a case who was injured during a soccer game who underwent abdominal surgery. Distal subtotal pancreatectomy, splenectomy, cholecystectomy, and choledochotomy + T-tube drainage were performed. He was discharged on the postoperative seventh day without any complication.

ω-3 Fatty acids have no impact on serum lactate levels after major gastric cancer surgery.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative and intraoperative nutrition support in patients undergoing major surgery results in decreased incidence of morbidity and mortality. Studies investigating the role of ω-3 fatty acids in these patients are increasing. Some are focused on perfusion at the cellular level. This study was undertaken to address the effect of postoperative administration of ω-3 fatty acids on cellular hypoperfusion associated with major gastric surgery. METHODS: Twenty-six patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery were randomly assigned to receive parenteral nutrition (PN) supplemented with a combination of ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids (Omegaven, 0.2 g/kg/d; Lipovenoes 10%, 0.6 g/kg/d) or with ω-6 fatty acid (Lipovenoes 10%, 0.8 g/kg/d) for 5 days. Blood samples were taken preoperatively, postoperative day 1, and on the last day of PN therapy (day 5). RESULTS: Patients receiving ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids showed neither lower serum lactate levels nor lower rates of complications compared with patients receiving ω-6 only. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in other biochemical parameters, complications, or length of hospital stay or mortality. CONCLUSION: PN with ω-3 fatty acid supplementation does not have a significant impact on cellular hypoperfusion and lactate clearance after major gastric surgery.

Abdominal cocoon syndrome as a rare cause of mechanical bowel obstruction: report of two cases.

An abdominal cocoon is an extremely rare condition, and has been reported mainly in young adolescent women as a cause of small bowel obstruction. In these patients, the small bowel is encased in a fibrous sac called an abdominal cocoon. We hereby present two cases who were diagnosed only by laparotomy and their correlation with the literature. They both received early intervention, thus preventing the need for bowel resection. The pathology of both membranes showed inflammation.

Coexistence of gastric cancer and gastrointestinal stromal tumor: report of two cases.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors and adenocancers are distinct neoplasms originating from different cell layers. Though adenocancers constitute the most common type of gastric tumors, synchronous development of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor is extremely rare. Case 1: A 63-year-old male patient underwent a radical total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and Rouxen-Y reconstruction. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination of the specimen disclosed an advanced stage, intestinal type adenocancer intermixing with a distinct lesion of gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The early postoperative course was uneventful; however, recurrence was seen and he survived only 13 months. Case 2: A 60-year-old male patient underwent a distal subtotal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy, and reconstruction was provided with Billroth 2 procedure. Intraoperatively, a 0.5 cm vegetating lesion was detected on the gastric body and resected. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination disclosed an intestinal type adenocancer, and the incidental lesion was reported as gastrointestinal stromal tumor. His postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient is free of disease after one year. The conditions under which the synchronous tumors develop away from each other or collide are vague. Currently, the stage of the adenocancer and the size and mitotic manner of the gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the leading prognostic factors.

Single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy: is it more than a challenge?

BACKGROUND: Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is a promising technique with regard to reducing postoperative pain, decreasing complications, and improving cosmesis. METHODS: Between September 2008 and April 2009, 20 patients underwent cholecystectomy via SILS. The umblicus was the access point of entry to the abdomen for all the patients. RESULTS: Of the 20 cholecystectomies, 19 were performed with SILS. Failure of trocar insertion was the reason for conversion with the first patient. No complications or mortalities were associated with the technique. The mean operating time was 94 min. CONCLUSION: The use of SILS for cholecystectomy is safe and feasible with reasonable operation times.

Gastric remnant cancer: an old problem with novel concerns.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The patients with cancers in the remnant stomachs after previous partial resections for benign diseases constitute a peculiar subset of the patients with gastric cancer. They are generally at advanced stages on admissions due to disregarding the symptoms related to cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty six patients with cancer arising from the remnant stomach were analyzed. Clinicopathologic features such as age, gender, time interval between the initial operation and diagnosis of gastric remnant cancer, preoperative symptoms, surgical management, and tumor characteristics like size, location, histopathology, depth of invasion, lymph node involvement, presence of distant metastasis, and stages were documented. RESULTS: None of the cancers were diagnosed by routine surveillance and all the patients were symptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Twenty five patients were qualified for surgery. The resectability rate was 61% (n = 16). The ability to perform a curative resection and tumor location at the anastomotic site were determined as the factors significantly influencing survival (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Curative resection has to be the goal of surgical management in patients with gastric remnant cancer. Concerning clinician should be sceptical about a newly developing cancer in order to detect it in an early stage and enhance resectability.

Surgeon's view on the limitations of left-handedness during endoscopic surgery.

BACKGROUND: The influence of endoscopic surgery on left-handedness is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of left-handedness during endoscopic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey distributed during the 15th Congress of the Turkish Society of Surgery, held in 2006, was conducted to 194 participants. The survey was focused on hand preference and endoscopic surgery. Besides demographic data and use of endoscopy, lateral predominance, questions related to surgical performance (open and endoscopic), training support during residency, and operating room experiences during endoscopic surgery were assessed. RESULTS: The laterality preference in performing surgery was left in 9.3% (n = 18). Almost 50% of the left-handed surgeons believed that endoscopic surgery needs to be modified for the left-handed endoscopic surgeon, although 66% reported they had no difficulty while using endoscopic instruments and did not need any modification during surgical endoscopy. Over 86% of all surgeons reported that laterality had no importance for them if they were a patient undergoing endoscopic surgery, while 14% of surgeons refused to be operated on by a left-handed surgeon. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic surgery has impact on laterality-related comfort, and technical modifications are warranted for left-handed surgeons. Further research is needed to address questions related to hand dominance in surgical endoscopic skill performance that allows more comprehensive conclusions.

Hamartoma - a rare benign tumor of the spleen: a report of four cases.

Splenic hamartoma is an uncommon benign tumor. We retrospectively analyzed all patients who underwent splenectomy between May 2000 and June 2006 and four cases of splenic hamartoma were encountered. Three patients presented with mild abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasonography was the first diagnostic step, which revealed a splenic mass. Doppler ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance were among the other diagnostic methods. An elective splenectomy was performed for all of the cases. Splenic hamartoma must be considered in the differential diagnosis of splenic masses unrelated to any other malignancy. Elective splenectomy is indicated due to hematological disorders or symptoms of pain and appreciation of the mass.