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1.
Acta Psychiatr Scand ; 140(3): 217-226, 2019 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31250445

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Little is known about the relationship between antidepressant treatment outcomes and underlying neurobiological mechanisms in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). In this prospective study, we aimed to investigate how cortical thickness and subcortical volumes differed between remitter and non-remitter patients with MDD. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with MDD with a score of at least 17 on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and free of medication for at least 2 months and 41 healthy controls underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging. At the baseline, patients with MDD started on either selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, or vortioxetine. After 8-week antidepressant treatment, patients with MDD were scanned using the same MRI protocol. Structural images were analyzed using the FreeSurfer software package (version 6.0). RESULTS: Longitudinal analyses showed remitter patients with MDD had significantly greater right cerebral cortex thickening in six significant clusters, including superior temporal cortex, precuneus, rostral middle frontal cortex, pars opercularis (although the cluster extends into the insula), inferior parietal cortex, and supramarginal cortex than in non-remitter patients with MDD. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that distinct antidepressant treatment-related structural alterations in brain regions implicated in cognition, emotion regulation, and rumination might be associated with treatment outcome.


Assuntos
Antidepressivos/farmacologia , Córtex Cerebral/efeitos dos fármacos , Córtex Cerebral/patologia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/tratamento farmacológico , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/patologia , Adulto , Antidepressivos/administração & dosagem , Córtex Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Indução de Remissão , Resultado do Tratamento
2.
Bratisl Lek Listy ; 119(6): 373-378, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29947238

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Organophosphates including malathion can be ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin, but it may be a maximum of acute toxicity when administered by oral intake. Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) treatment is used as a new treatment method in cases of systemic toxicity caused by local anesthetics. This study was aimed to examine the potential treatment effect of intravenous lipid emulsion on rat liver tissue in the toxicity of malathion. METHODS: Twenty-one Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three equal groups. The groups were organized as Group I (control), Group II (malathion) and Group III (malathion + lipid emulsion treatment). Liver tissues were examined histologically, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine the bax, bcl-2, and caspase-3 expression levels. RESULTS: A decrease of PAS positive staining cells, and an increase of liver enzymes, formation of degenerative changes and apoptotic cell deaths occurred in the malathion group. Additionally, a decrease of apoptosis and hepatic parenchymal damage was observed in the malathion + lipid emulsion treatment group. CONCLUSION: The findings from our study suggested that lipid emulsion treatment had a protective efficacy on the malathion induced liver toxicity (Fig. 5, Ref. 30).


Assuntos
Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/patologia , Malation/toxicidade , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Caspase 3/análise , Emulsões Gordurosas Intravenosas/farmacologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/análise , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/análise
3.
Andrologia ; 48(2): 143-51, 2016 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25906970

RESUMO

We aimed to determine the protective effects of thymoquinone (TQ), against ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the testis tissue of rats. Twenty-seven male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three equal groups as follows: Group I, sham group; Group II, torsion group; and Group III, torsion + thymoquinone group. The ischaemia period was 2 h, and orchiectomy was performed after 30 min of detorsion. Testis tissue sections were analysed with the terminal transferase mediated dUTP-nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay to determine in situ apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Additionally, Caspase 3 and Bax proteins were analysed immunohistochemically. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity levels in the testis tissue were also measured. The superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde levels in the torsion group were significantly higher than those of the sham group (P < 0.05). Thymoquinone administration significantly reduced these levels. Torsion significantly increased active-Caspase 3 and Bax expression, which was decreased by thymoquinone. The apoptotic index of the torsion group was significantly higher than that of the control group. However, thymoquinone significantly reduced the apoptotic index (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that thymoquinone plays a protective role in oxidative stress induced ischaemia-reperfusion in the testis tissue of rats.


Assuntos
Benzoquinonas/farmacologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Torção do Cordão Espermático/metabolismo , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Caspase 3/efeitos dos fármacos , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Catalase/efeitos dos fármacos , Catalase/metabolismo , Fragmentação do DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa Peroxidase/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Marcação In Situ das Extremidades Cortadas , Masculino , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Orquiectomia , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Superóxido Dismutase/efeitos dos fármacos , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Testículo/metabolismo , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/metabolismo
4.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci ; 15(8): 900-5, 2011 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21845800

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The present study was performed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of various extracts of Verbascum (V.) pinetorum, a member of Scrophulariaceae family. While the antimicrobial activity of various extracts of V. pinetorum was determined with agar-well diffusion method, the antioxidant activity was examined with two complementary test systems, namely 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and beta-carotene/linoleic acid test systems. RESULTS: The hexane extract exhibits antimicrobial activity against few microorganisms. However, dichloromethane, direct methanol and methanol/chloroform extracts are effective on a broad range of microorganisms. Among the tested bacteria Haemophilus influenzae was found to be the most sensitive bacterium. The 50% (IC50) inhibition activity of the methanolic extract of V. pinetorum on the free radical DPPH was determined as 13.04 mg/ml. In the case of the linoleic acid system, oxidation of linoleic acid was inhibited by methanolic extract of V. pinetorum, which showed 89.39% inhibition that is quite close to the value of the synthetic antioxidant reagent butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), 92.46%. Iridoid glycosides, flavonoids and saponins were determined as the major natural compounds in the methanolic extracts. The total phenolic components of V. pinetorum were found as 42.45 mg/g gallic acid equivalent. CONCLUSION: The results provide evidence that the extracts of V. pinetorum contained iridoid glycosides, flavonoids, saponins and phenolic compounds which may be responsible for the substantial antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Verbascum/química , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Compostos de Bifenilo/química , Hexanos/química , Técnicas In Vitro , Ácido Linoleico/química , Metanol/química , Cloreto de Metileno/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana/métodos , Fenóis/química , Picratos/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , beta Caroteno/química
5.
Hum Exp Toxicol ; 28(1): 63-5, 2009 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19411562

RESUMO

Arsenic is a classical poison that has been historically used since ancient times for homicidal purposes. More recently, episodes of deliberate or unintentional arsenic self-poisoning have been increasingly reported. We describe here a case of a 77-year old male patient with a history of major depression, who attempted suicide by ingestion of 4 g of arsenic trioxide. The man, a dentist by profession, used arsenic preparations for pulp devitalization. The patient was admitted to our hospital 5 h after arsenic ingestion with nausea and vomiting. Plain radiograph of the abdomen showed radio-opaque material in the stomach and small intestine. Nasogastric lavage, activated charcoal, and chelators were used to remove arsenic. On day 3, endoscopy disclosed the presence of gastritis and superficial ulcers. The patient developed significant anemia (Hb: 8.7 g/dL on day 7) without significant signs of hemolysis. He gradually recovered from anemia within 5 months. The patient did not suffer any adverse outcome in spite of having ingesting 4 g of arsenic, approximately 20 times the lethal dose.


Assuntos
Intoxicação por Arsênico/patologia , Óxidos/intoxicação , Tentativa de Suicídio , Doença Aguda , Idoso , Intoxicação por Arsênico/terapia , Trióxido de Arsênio , Arsenicais , Carvão Vegetal/uso terapêutico , Quelantes/uso terapêutico , Terapia por Quelação , Dimercaprol/uso terapêutico , Lavagem Gástrica/métodos , Humanos , Intubação Gastrointestinal/métodos , Masculino , Resultado do Tratamento
7.
Apoptosis ; 6(6): 431-9, 2001 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11595832

RESUMO

Staphylococcus aureus plays an important role in sepsis, pneumonia and wound infections. Here, we demonstrate that infection with several S. aureus strains results in apoptosis of human endothelial cells. S. aureus induced an activation of cellular caspases, the acid sphingomyelinase, a release of cytochrome c and a stimulation of Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). The significance of these findings is indicated by a prevention of S. aureus triggered apoptosis of human cells deficient for ASM or upon genetic or pharmacological inhibition of JNK or caspases, respectively.


Assuntos
Apoptose , Endotélio/citologia , Proteínas Quinases JNK Ativadas por Mitógeno , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolismo , Caspases/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Células Cultivadas , Grupo dos Citocromos c/metabolismo , Fragmentação do DNA , Endotélio/microbiologia , Endotélio Vascular/citologia , Endotélio Vascular/microbiologia , Ativação Enzimática , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , MAP Quinase Quinase 4 , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Esfingomielina Fosfodiesterase/deficiência , Esfingomielina Fosfodiesterase/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Transfecção , Veias Umbilicais/citologia , Veias Umbilicais/microbiologia
8.
Infect Immun ; 69(1): 281-7, 2001 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11119516

RESUMO

Pseudomonas aeruginosa plays a major role in respiratory tract infections or sepsis in patients with cystic fibrosis or upon suppression of the immune system. Several P. aeruginosa strains have been shown to be internalized by human epithelial cells; however, the molecular mechanisms of the invasion process are poorly characterized. Here, we show that the internalization of P. aeruginosa into human epithelial cells results in and requires activation of the Src-like tyrosine kinases p59Fyn and p60Src and the consequent tyrosine phosphorylation of several eukaryotic proteins. The significance of Src-like tyrosine kinase activation is shown by an almost complete blockade of P. aeruginosa internalization, but not adhesion, upon inhibition of Src-like tyrosine kinases. Likewise, inhibition of P. aeruginosa binding to CFTR, which has been shown to block P. aeruginosa internalization, prevents Src and Fyn activation, supporting a pivotal role of Src-like tyrosine kinases for invasion by P. aeruginosa.


Assuntos
Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas pp60(c-src)/fisiologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/fisiologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/patogenicidade , Células Cultivadas , Regulador de Condutância Transmembrana em Fibrose Cística/fisiologia , Células Epiteliais/microbiologia , Humanos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fyn
10.
Am J Gastroenterol ; 91(4): 780-2, 1996 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8677949

RESUMO

A 26-yr-old man was admitted with malaise and melena. During the physical examination, six hemangiomas were spotted on the skin, and laboratory evaluations proved the existence of severe iron deficiency anemia (Hb 2.9 g/dl). Upper endoscopy and small bowel follow-through revealed no pathology. Colonoscopy documented the presence of a blue-red cavernous hemangioma, 1 cm in diameter, at the splenic flexura. The skin and colonic lesions were typical; thus, blue-rubber-bleb-nevus syndrome was diagnosed. The patient was given blood transfusions followed by oral iron supplementation. He refused further evaluation or surgery and is still fine after a follow-up period of 6 months. Here, we present a discussion of this case, together with a detailed review of the literature.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo , Hemangioma Cavernoso , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas , Nevo Azul , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Adulto , Anemia Ferropriva/etiologia , Anemia Ferropriva/terapia , Transfusão de Sangue , Neoplasias do Colo/complicações , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiologia , Hemangioma Cavernoso/complicações , Humanos , Ferro/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Neoplasias Primárias Múltiplas/complicações , Nevo Azul/complicações , Neoplasias Cutâneas/complicações , Síndrome
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