RESUMO
Norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in the world. These outbreaks are frequently associated with bivalve shellfish consumption, particularly because these products are often eaten raw or only slightly cooked. In Morocco, regulations concerning the acceptable levels of enteric bacteria indicator organisms in these products have been put in place. However, these regulations do not take into account the risk of viral contamination, and many gastroenteritis outbreaks have been linked to the ingestion of bivalve shellfish from areas that comply with the current food safety criteria. The aim of this study was to investigate NoV presence in shellfish samples (n = 104) collected at four sites owcff Oualidia lagoon (Moroccan Atlantic coast) from November 2015 to February 2017. Samples were analysed using real-time RT-PCR in accordance with the ISO 15216-2 method. NoVs of the genogroup II were detected in 7% of samples that were all collected during the winter months. Moreover, 71% of NoV-positive samples were harvested at sites upstream of the lagoon. These results highlight the need of regularly monitoring viral contamination in bivalve shellfish to limit the risk of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks.
Assuntos
Bivalves/virologia , Norovirus/isolamento & purificação , Água do Mar/virologia , Frutos do Mar/virologia , Animais , Bivalves/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Gastroenterite/virologia , Humanos , Marrocos , Norovirus/classificação , Norovirus/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Estações do AnoRESUMO
The dichloromethane/methanol extract from the red alga Hypnea musciformis exhibited PPE elastase inhibition. A diketosteroid, the 20-hydroxy-5alpha-cholest-22-ene-3,6-dione was responsible for this activity. Two new steroids were isolated, 2 was assigned as the 6alpha-hydroxy-cholest-4-ene-3-one and 3 as the 6alpha-hydroxy-cholest-4,22-diene-3-one. The structures were assigned mainly on the basis of 1H and 13C NMR experiments.
Assuntos
Cetosteroides/química , Cetosteroides/isolamento & purificação , Rodófitas/química , Cromatografia em Gel , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Cetosteroides/farmacologia , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Elastase Pancreática/antagonistas & inibidores , Análise EspectralRESUMO
The organic extract of the red alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius, collected along the Atlantic coast of Morocco, was tested for biological activities and exhibited antibiotic and antimalarial activities. Two new bromoditerpenes have been isolated from S. coronopifolius, sphaerolabdadiene-3,14-diol (1) and bromosphaerone (2), along with the known compounds 12S-hydroxybromosphaerodiol (3) and sphaerococcenol A (4). Bromosphaerone and 12S-hydroxybromosphaerodiol showed antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium species Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.104 and 0.146 microM, respectively. Sphaerococcenol A (4) was responsible for the antimalarial activity of the extract, against the chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falsciparum FCB1 strains with an IC(50) of 1 microM. Their structures have been assigned using 1 and 2 D NMR and HRMS.