RESUMO
The target article tackles an important and complicated issue of the underlying links between curiosity and creativity. Although thought-provoking, the target article overlooks contemporary theories and research on these constructs. Consequently, the proposed model is inconsistent with prior research in the developmental and educational fields and would benefit from better specification and clarity around key constructs and processes.
Assuntos
Criatividade , Comportamento Exploratório , Humanos , Comportamento Exploratório/fisiologiaRESUMO
Curiosity is widely acknowledged as a crucial aspect of children's development and as an important part of the learning process, with prior research showing associations between curiosity and achievement. Despite this evidence, there is little research on the development of curiosity or on promoting curiosity in school settings, and measures of curiosity promotion in the classroom are absent from the published literature. This article introduces the Curiosity in Classrooms (CiC) Framework coding protocol, a tool for observing and coding instructional practices that support the promotion of curiosity. We describe the development of the framework and observation instrument and the results of a feasibility study using the protocol, which gives a descriptive overview of curiosity-promoting instruction in 35 elementary-level math lessons. Our discussion includes lessons learned from this work and suggestions for future research using the developed observation tool.
RESUMO
Spectral Doppler and plethysmographic waveforms vary significantly in the presence of circulatory assist devices. Understanding the effect these devices have on the waveforms and flow characteristics is necessary for the appropriate interpretation of duplex ultrasound and other noninvasive vascular studies. We review the different arterial waveforms that can be seen with circulatory assist devices.
Assuntos
Oxigenação por Membrana Extracorpórea , Coração Auxiliar , Artérias/diagnóstico por imagem , HumanosRESUMO
Creativity is typically measured using divergent thinking tasks where participants are asked to generate multiple responses following a prompt. However, being able to generate responses captures only a partial picture of creativity. Convergent thinking, in which a single solution is chosen, is an equally important part of creativity that is often left out of divergent thinking assessments. Moreover, as the field of creativity evolves, exploration is starting to be recognized as an understudied component of how children generate and apply creative solutions. The current study moved beyond typical divergent thinking tasks and examined a measure of creativity that also captured 4- to 6-year-old children's convergent thinking and exploration behaviors. A total of 130 children participated in a creative problem-solving task where they were asked to remove a ball from a jar using everyday objects. Children's actions were coded as divergent thinking, convergent thinking, or exploration behaviors. Results demonstrated that divergent and convergent thinking performance was not associated with success on the task, indicating that simply generating and selecting more responses is not always enough to achieve a creative outcome. Children's exploration behaviors were positively associated with success on the task. Exploration behaviors were more likely to lead to success if they were purposeful and iterative. These findings provide some of the first evidence that children's exploration is a vital component of creativity.
Assuntos
Criatividade , Pensamento , Logro , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Comportamento Exploratório , Humanos , Resolução de ProblemasAssuntos
Hemodinâmica , Ultrassonografia , Varizes/diagnóstico por imagem , Veias/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência Venosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Válvulas Venosas/fisiopatologia , Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Humanos , Posicionamento do Paciente , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Varizes/fisiopatologia , Varizes/terapia , Veias/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Venosa/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Venosa/terapiaRESUMO
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major preventable disease that affects hospitalized inpatients. Risk stratification and prophylactic measures have good evidence supporting their use, but multiple reasons exist that prevent full adoption, compliance, and efficacy that may underlie the persistence of VTE over the past several decades. This policy statement provides a focused review of VTE, risk scoring systems, prophylaxis, and tracking methods. From this summary, 5 major areas of policy guidance are presented that the American Heart Association believes will lead to better implementation, tracking, and prevention of VTE events. They include performing VTE risk assessment and reporting the level of VTE risk in all hospitalized patients, integrating preventable VTE as a benchmark for hospital comparison and pay-for-performance programs, supporting appropriations to improve public awareness of VTE, tracking VTE nationwide with the use of standardized definitions, and developing a centralized data steward for data tracking on VTE risk assessment, prophylaxis, and rates.
Assuntos
Hospitalização , Pacientes Internados , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/prevenção & controle , Congressos como Assunto , Gerenciamento Clínico , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Custos de Cuidados de Saúde , Humanos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Pré-Medicação , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Tromboembolia Venosa/diagnóstico , Tromboembolia Venosa/terapiaAssuntos
Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Fibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Embolia Pulmonar/prevenção & controle , Tromboembolia Venosa/prevenção & controle , Trombose Venosa/prevenção & controle , Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Obstrução do Cateter/etiologia , Fibrinolíticos/efeitos adversos , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Humanos , Neoplasias/sangue , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Embolia Pulmonar/sangue , Embolia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Embolia Pulmonar/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Tromboembolia Venosa/sangue , Tromboembolia Venosa/diagnóstico , Tromboembolia Venosa/etiologia , Trombose Venosa/sangue , Trombose Venosa/diagnóstico , Trombose Venosa/etiologiaAssuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Exercício Físico , Estilo de Vida Saudável , Comportamento de Redução do Risco , Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia , Nível de Saúde , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Fatores de Proteção , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Comportamento Sedentário , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Doença Relacionada a Viagens , Tromboembolia Venosa , Viagem Aérea , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Automóveis , Humanos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Tromboembolia Venosa/diagnóstico , Tromboembolia Venosa/epidemiologia , Tromboembolia Venosa/prevenção & controleAssuntos
Obstrução do Cateter/etiologia , Cateterismo Venoso Central/efeitos adversos , Cateterismo Periférico/efeitos adversos , Cateteres de Demora/efeitos adversos , Cateteres Venosos Centrais/efeitos adversos , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/etiologia , Trombose Venosa/etiologia , Cateterismo Venoso Central/instrumentação , Cateterismo Periférico/instrumentação , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/diagnóstico , Trombose Venosa Profunda de Membros Superiores/terapia , Trombose Venosa/diagnóstico , Trombose Venosa/terapiaAssuntos
Anticoagulantes/efeitos adversos , Plaquetas/efeitos dos fármacos , Heparina/efeitos adversos , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática/induzido quimicamente , Anticoagulantes/imunologia , Plaquetas/imunologia , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Heparina/imunologia , Humanos , Fator Plaquetário 4/sangue , Fator Plaquetário 4/imunologia , Prognóstico , Embolia Pulmonar/sangue , Embolia Pulmonar/induzido quimicamente , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática/sangue , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática/diagnóstico , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática/imunologia , Fatores de Risco , Trombose Venosa/sangue , Trombose Venosa/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
OPINION STATEMENT: Lower extremity edema is extremely common among patients seen across multiple specialties. The differential diagnosis is broad and ranges from simple dependent edema to more complex conditions such as chronic venous disease and lymphedema. Several key features from the history and physical exam can assist with the diagnosis. Imaging is rarely necessary at the initial visit unless venous thromboembolism is suspected. Treatment is specific to the etiology of the edema, but compression stockings, elevation, exercise, and weight loss remain the cornerstone in most cases.