Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices With Regard to Cosmetic Procedures Among the General Population in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background One of the most frequently carried out medical procedures is an aesthetic procedure. These procedures have become increasingly popular in our country due to various factors, such as body image dissatisfaction, the desire for perfection, and the expanding influence of social media. The aim of our study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices with regard to cosmetic procedures among the general population in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods This population-based cross-sectional study uses a self-report questionnaire distributed via social media platforms with randomized sampling between March and April 2023. The target population of this study is the general population in the western region of Saudi Arabia who are 18 years old and above from both genders. All participants who have congenital anomalies or mental disorders, are non-Arabic speakers, and refuse to participate in the study are excluded. Our data collected via an online self-administrated translated questionnaire survey was designed using a Google Forms questionnaire template. Results The study questionnaire was completed by 477 individuals in total. The mean age of the participants was 27.4±12.9 years, with ages ranging from 18 to over 60. A total of 190 individuals (39.8%) had prior knowledge of cosmetic procedures, and 338 (70.9%) were female. Of the non-surgical cosmetic treatments that people are most familiar with, 37.9% mentioned filler injections. Additionally, the most popular surgical cosmetic surgery was rhinoplasty (73.6%) and liposuction (22%). 85.7% of respondents said social media impacts people's decisions to undergo cosmetic treatments, while 86.8% of respondents said women do more cosmetic procedures than males. Of the participants, only 40 (8.4%) had previous cosmetic procedure done before. Rhinoplasty was the most common undergone surgical treatment (15.4%). In terms of non-surgical treatments, hair removal accounted for the majority (51.3%). Conclusion This study revealed that 39.4% of the study population, the majority of which are young individuals, females, and singles, have a good knowledge with regard to cosmetic procedures due to many factors such as culture diversity among generations, distribution of the social media, and interest differences. We conclude that the social media factor can significantly influence the practice of cosmetic procedures.

Breast Cancer Management Timelines in a Tertiary Care Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Makkah City, Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is a prevalent form of cancer and a leading cause of death among women worldwide. In Saudi Arabia, it accounted for 31.8% among females of all new cancer cases reported in 2018. Following the declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic, there was a complete redistribution of healthcare resources to face this crisis, which caused a significant delay in the management of various diseases, including BC. There is currently a lack of research in our region on the facility time interval in BC management. Therefore, this study aimed to fill this gap by determining the timelines of diagnosis, management, and factors influencing the delay. METHODS: This observational retrospective study included all female patients diagnosed with BC at or referred to King Abdullah Medical City (KAMC) in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2020 and August 2021. The data for this study were obtained from a centralized electronic chart review of all included patients at the KAMC center. RESULTS: A total of 76 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 50 ± 11 years. In terms of the disease management duration, 20 patients (26.3%) completed their management within 30 days, 28 patients (36.8%) had a management duration between 31 and 60 days, and the management duration of 28 patients (36.8%) exceeded 60 days. Patient deposition showed a significant association with delay (p = 0.033). A higher incidence of delays at the initiation of treatment was observed in patients who failed to attend appointments (p < 0.001). Among patients who skipped two or more appointments, 12 individuals (80%) experienced a delay of more than 60 days. Moreover, appointment cancellation was associated with delayed treatment initiation (p = 0.03). Patients' age and comorbidity showed no significant association (p = 0.49, p = 0.24, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight the significant impact of patient deposition and canceled or skipped appointments on delayed initiation of therapy for BC patients. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on other malignancies.

An Unusual Presentation of Candidal Onychomycosis: A Case Report.

Onychomycosis can present with various manifestations such as subungual hyperkeratosis, onycholysis, and nail plate destruction. Here we present a case of a 61-year-old African male with a known case of type 2 diabetes mellitus on insulin. He worked as a mechanic and presented with nail changes that started four months prior to presentation and worsened over time, mainly affecting the fingernails of bilateral hands. On examination, there was yellowish to greenish discoloration with very extensive hyperkeratosis of skin around the fingers and nails that caused avulsion of nails. Swab and culture showed Candida albicans +3. Nail and skin biopsy showed bacterial colony with fungal hypha. The patient showed marked improvement after receiving oral fluconazole 300 mg weekly for three months.

The Effectiveness of Anti-Interleukin-17A Treatment for Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris: A Systematic Review.

Anti-interleukin-17A (anti-IL-17A) therapy has been increasingly employed as a treatment option for pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP). In this study, we reviewed all available studies on this topic in the literature to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anti-IL-17A. Our main objective was to assess the current evidence on the efficacy and safety of anti-IL-17A therapy in the management of PRP. We searched for relevant articles on PubMed, MEDLINE, Ovid, Embase, and the Web of Science electronic databases from inception until 2022. Our inclusion criteria were as follows: randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-randomized trials, or prospective observational studies that include PRP patients treated with biological treatments; studies that report clinical outcomes; and studies that compare the treatment modalities, including anti-IL-17, in the English language. A total of 19 articles involving 77 cases were reviewed after applying the inclusion criteria and removing duplicates. We found that type 1 PRP was the most common condition irrespective of gender, and the trunk was the most affected area. The study showed that IL-17 inhibitors had a significant impact on the patients. However, higher-level studies are required to further evaluate the therapeutic and safety effects of the treatment.

Diffuse Capillary Malformation With Overgrowth (DCMO): A Case Report and Literature Review.

Diffuse capillary malformation with overgrowth (DCMO) is a rare condition that is characterized by capillary malformation and soft tissue hypertrophy. Here we report the case of a one-year-old male child with no past medical history who presented with skin lesions persistent since birth and associated with no symptoms. There were widespread non-scaly reticulated erythematous patches all over his body, including the abdominal wall. The circumference of the right calf and mid-thigh was 13 cm and 20 cm respectively whereas the circumference of the left calf and mid-thigh was 11 cm and 18 cm respectively. The length of both lower extremities was similar. There was also syndactyly of the right second and third toes. Differential diagnoses include cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita (CMTC), DCMO, and macrocephaly-capillary malformation (M-CM) syndrome. Based on clinical features, the patient was diagnosed with DCMO. He was put under follow-up by pediatric orthopedics for periodic monitoring of growth asymmetry.

Segmental Pigmentation Disorder: A Case Report of Hypopigmented Patch.

A segmental pigmentation disorder (SPD) is a form of pigmentary mosaicism. SPD is a hypo- or hyperpigmented patch that has a segmental pattern. A 16-year-old male with an insignificant past medical history presented with symptomless, slowly progressive skin lesions since early childhood. Skin examination revealed well-demarcated, non-scaling, hypopigmented patches on the right upper extremity. A similar spot was located on his right shoulder. Wood's lamp examination showed no enhancement. Differential diagnoses included segmental pigmentation disorder and segmental vitiligo (SV). A skin biopsy was obtained, which revealed normal findings. Based on the above clinicopathological findings, a diagnosis of segmental pigmentation disorder was made. The patient did not receive any treatment but was reassured that he did not have vitiligo.

Knowledge and Attitude Regarding the Use of Sun Protection to Prevent Adverse Laser Events Among the General Population in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Prolonged sun exposure has been linked with the development of numerous medical and dermatological complications, such as skin cancer. Photoprotection can help reduce ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced skin damage and skin cancer. This study aims to assess the knowledge about and attitude toward the use of sun protection to prevent laser adverse events among the general population in Saudi Arabia. Methodology This is a cross-sectional, analytical, community-based study carried out among the general population (sunscreen users) in Saudi Arabia. A total of 600 participants were enrolled in the study. Data were collected using a validated online self-administered questionnaire using Google Forms. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results A total of 600 sunscreen users were enrolled in this study, with an overall poor knowledge rate of 471 (78.5%) regarding the use of sun protection methods. Their ages ranged from 18 years to >55 years. The majority of them were females (537, 89.5%), had Saudi Nationality (533, 88.8%), and had skin type III (313, 52.2%). Almost all the participants (491, 81.9%) had undergone laser treatment before; the most reported reason was hair removal (522, 87%). In addition, 267 (44.5%) participants used sunscreens five to six times a week, with 440 (73.3%) also using sunglasses. Notably, only 91 (15.2%) of the study participants were aware that sunscreen covers UVA and UVB, and 34 (5.7%) knew that PA+++ is used in sunscreen. A total of 149 (24.8%) reported that sunscreen should be applied 20 to 30 minutes before sun exposure, while 153 (25.5%) stated that it should be reapplied every two hours. Moreover, 484 (80.7%) participants reported using topical steroid application after laser treatment. The results also showed that young participants (P = 0.001), single participants (P = 0.001), post-graduate participants (P = 0.010), students rather than the unemployed group (P = 0.002), and those who used sunscreens five to six times per week compared to those who never used sunscreens (P = 0.001) demonstrated an overall good knowledge about sunscreens and laser treatment. Conclusions The study showed poor knowledge among the participants regarding the use of sun protection to prevent adverse laser events. Therefore, an increase in awareness among the general public about the protection through campaigns is highly recommended.