Thyroid diseases in children and adults with celiac disease: A cross-sectional study.

Background: There are few reports evaluating different factors, including the severity of duodenal histopathological findings and serological levels of celiac disease (CD), in increasing the probability of thyroid diseases (TD) in adults and children with CD, so, we designed this research. Methods: CD was defined as Marsh type 2 or higher in duodenal histopathology and serological levels of anti-transglutaminase antibodies (anti-tTG) equal to or greater than 18 IU/ml. To assess the likelihood of TD in CD patients, logistic regression analysis was employed. Results: 538 patients were included in this study. Of these, 354 (65.8%) were females and 184 (34.2%) were males. 370 (68.8%) patients were children. Overall, 57 (10.6%) patients had TD, of which 49 (9.1%) had hypothyroidism and 8 (1.5%) had hyperthyroidism. Adults had a significantly higher probability of developing TD than children (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.1-3.4; P = 0.03). The odds of developing TD were also significantly higher in patients with family marriage in parents (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.1-4.7; P = 0.03). Other variables such as gastrointestinal symptoms, anti-tTG levels, and severity of Marsh classification did not exhibit a substantial rise in the likelihood of TD development. Conclusion: The study findings indicated that the likelihood of developing TD in CD patients can be linked to advancing age and having family marriage in parents, while there was no significant association observed with anti-tTG levels, severity of histological damage, and gastrointestinal symptoms.

The Effects of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Double-Blinded Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prominent etiological factor for liver cirrhosis worldwide. It is frequently associated with obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who have NAFLD. In a two-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, seventy-six patients diagnosed with both T2DM and NAFLD were randomly assigned to receive either ginger powder capsules (1000 mg, twice daily) or placebo capsules (administered in the same manner) for a period of three months. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure readings, biochemical profiles, and imaging parameters were assessed before and after the intervention. Safety measures were also evaluated. In both the ginger and placebo groups, there was a significant reduction in mean body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, as well as liver transaminase levels. Moreover, significant improvements in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were observed in the ginger group (p = 0.02 and < 0.0001, respectively). Within the ginger group, there was a decrease in serum insulin levels and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.002 and 0.004, respectively). Furthermore, the ginger group exhibited an improvement in serum HDL-cholesterol level (p = 0.01). However, there were no significant changes in the assessed inflammatory markers or the indices obtained from fibroscan imaging, including steatosis percent and controlled attenuation parameter. This study demonstrates that ginger supplementation can significantly improve mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures. However, it does not have a significant impact on inflammatory markers or fibroscan imaging indices. Nonetheless, the three-month use of ginger improves serum insulin level, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and HDL-cholesterol level compared to baseline values. Further investigations with longer durations and larger sample sizes are recommended.

The effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss. (Shirazi thyme) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss. (Shirazi thyme) (ZM) supplementation on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and related insulin resistance (IR). DESIGN: In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 85 patients with NAFLD were administered either 700 mg ZM powder or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks. All patients were advised to follow the recommendations for diet modification. RESULTS: ZM supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in serum insulin level (-2.72 ± 0.80 vs -0.67 ± 0.90, P=0.030), insulin resistance (-0.80 ± 0.22 vs 0.06 ± 0.22, P=0.023), systolic (-3.44 ± 1.05 vs 1.03 ± 0.98, P= 0.002) and diastolic (-2.33 ± 0.77 vs 0.26 ± 0.63, P= 0.009) blood pressure in patients with NAFLD in comparison with the placebo group. There was no significant difference between two groups regarding serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), grade of fatty liver in ultrasonography, lipid profiles, and other outcomes. CONCLUSION: ZM supplementation with daily dose of 1400 mg for 12 weeks improved insulin resistance in patients with NAFLD. Further studies with longer duration and larger sample size are recommended.