Photoelectrochemical properties of self-powered corundum-structured Ga2O3nanorod array/fluorine-doped SnO2photodetectors modulated by precursor concentrations.

Herein, corundum-structured Ga2O3(α-Ga2O3) nanorod array/fluorine-doped SnO2(FTO) structures have been fabricated by hydrothermal and thermal annealing processes with different precursor concentrations from 0.01 M to 0.06 M. The diameter and length of the nanorod arrays are much larger with increasing precursor concentrations due to more nucleation sites and precursor ions participating in the reaction procedures. The optical bandgap decreases from 4.75 eV to 4.47 eV because of the tensile stress relieving with increasing the precursor concentrations. Based on self-powered photoelectrochemical (PEC) photodetectors, the peak responsivity is improved from ~0.33 mA/W for 0.06 M to ~1.51 mA/W for 0.02 M. Schottky junctions can be formed in PEC cells. More photogenerated carriers can be produced in wider depletion region. From Mott-Schottky plots, the depletion regions become much wider with decreasing the precursor concentrations. Therefore, the enhance responsivity is owing to the wider depletion regions. Due to the reduced possibility of photogenerated holes captured by traps ascribed from fewer green and yellow luminescence defects, smaller charge transfer resistance, and shorter transportation route, the decay time becomes much faster through decreasing the precursor concentrations. Compared with the other self-powered α-Ga2O3-nanorod-array-based PEC photodetectors, it shows the fastest response time (decay time of 0.005 s/0.026 s) simply modulated by precursor concentrations for the first time without employing complex precursors, seed layers or special device designs. Compared with other high-responsivity monoclinic Ga2O3(α-Ga2O3) self-powered photodetectors, our devices also show comparable response speed with simple control and design. This work provides the realization of fast-speed self-powered Ga2O3based solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors by simple modulation processes and design, which is a significant guidance for their applications in warnings, imaging, computing, communication and logic circuit, in the future.

[Research progress in signaling pathways related to treatment of functional dyspepsia with traditional Chinese medicine].

Functional dyspepsia(FD) is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disease characterized by recurrent and long-lasting symptoms that significantly impact the quality of life of patients. Currently, western medicine treatment has not made breakthrough progress and mainly relies on symptomatic therapies such as gastrointestinal motility agents, acid suppressants, antidepressants/anxiolytics, and psychotherapy. However, these treatments have limitations in terms of insufficient effectiveness and safety. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) possesses unique advantages in the treatment of FD. Through literature search in China and abroad, it has been found that the mechanisms of TCM in treating FD is associated with various signaling pathways, and research on these signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms has gradually become a focus. The main signaling pathways include the SCF/c-Kit signaling pathway, 5-HT signaling pathway, CRF signaling pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, TRPV1 signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, and RhoA/ROCK2/MYPT1 signaling pathway. This series of signaling pathways can promote gastrointestinal motility, alleviate anxiety, accelerate gastric emptying, reduce visceral hypersensitivity, and improve duodenal micro-inflammation in the treatment of FD. This article reviewed the research on TCM's regulation of relevant signaling pathways in the treatment of FD, offering references and support for further targeted TCM research in the treatment of FD.

Hydrothermal Growth of an Al-Doped α-Ga2O3 Nanorod Array and Its Application in Self-Powered Solar-Blind UV Photodetection Based on a Photoelectrochemical Cell.

Herein, we successfully fabricated an Al-doped α-Ga2O3 nanorod array on FTO using the hydrothermal and post-annealing processes. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that an Al-doped α-Ga2O3 nanorod array on FTO has been realized via a much simpler and cheaper way than that based on metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, magnetron sputtering, molecular beam epitaxy, and pulsed laser deposition. And, a self-powered Al-doped α-Ga2O3 nanorod array/FTO photodetector was also realized as a photoanode at 0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell, showing a peak responsivity of 1.46 mA/W at 260 nm. The response speed of the Al-doped device was 0.421 s for rise time, and 0.139 s for decay time under solar-blind UV (260 nm) illumination. Compared with the undoped device, the responsivity of the Al-doped device was ~5.84 times larger, and the response speed was relatively faster. When increasing the biases from 0 V to 1 V, the responsivity, quantum efficiency, and detectivity of the Al-doped device were enhanced from 1.46 mA/W to 2.02 mA/W, from ~0.7% to ~0.96%, and from ~6 × 109 Jones to ~1 × 1010 Jones, respectively, due to the enlarged depletion region. Therefore, Al doping may provide a route to enhance the self-powered photodetection performance of α-Ga2O3 nanorod arrays.

KDM5A silencing transcriptionally suppresses the FXYD3-PI3K/AKT axis to inhibit angiogenesis in hepatocellular cancer via miR-433 up-regulation.

Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) has been reported to belong to one of the highly vascularized solid tumours accompanied with angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). KDM5A, an attractive drug target, plays a critical role in diverse physiological processes. Thus, this study aims to investigate its role in angiogenesis and underlying mechanisms in HCC. ChIP-qPCR was utilized to validate enrichment of H3K4me3 and KDM5A on the promotor region of miR-433, while dual luciferase assay was carried out to confirm the targeting relationship between miR-433 and FXYD3. Scratch assay, transwell assay, Edu assay, pseudo-tube formation assay and mice with xenografted tumours were conducted to investigate the physiological function of KDM5A-miR-433-FXYD3-PI3K-AKT axis in the progression of HCC after loss- and gain-function assays. KDM5A p-p85 and p-AKT were highly expressed but miR-433 was down-regulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. Depletion of KDM5A led to reduced migrative, invasive and proliferative capacities in HCC cells, including growth and a lowered HUVEC angiogenic capacity in vitro. Furthermore, KDM5A suppressed the expression of miR-433 by demethylating H3K4me3 on its promoterregion. miR-433 negatively targeted FXYD3. Depleting miR-433 or re-expressing FXYD3 restores the reduced migrative, invasive and proliferative capacities, and lowers the HUVEC angiogenic capacity caused by silencing KDM5A. Therefore, KDM5A silencing significantly suppresses HCC tumorigenesis in vivo, accompanied with down-regulated miR-433 and up-regulated FXYD3-PI3K-AKT axis in tumour tissues. Lastly, KDM5A activates the FXYD3-PI3K-AKT axis to enhance angiogenesis in HCC by suppressing miR-433.

miR-194 inhibits liver cancer stem cell expansion by regulating RAC1 pathway.

Liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to tumorigenesis, progression, drug resistance and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying mechanism for the propagation of liver CSCs remains unclear. Herein, we observed low expression of miR-194 in chemoresistant HCC cells. A remarkable decrease of miR-194 was detected in EpCAM or CD133-positive liver CSCs and CSC-enriched hepatoma spheres. Interference miR-194 facilitated liver CSCs expansion by enhancing the self-renewal of liver CSCs. While up-regulating miR-194 inhibited liver CSCs expansion by suppressing the self-renewal of liver CSCs. Furthermore, hepatoma cells with miR-194 overexpression performed more sensitivity to sorafenib treatment. Mechanistically, functional studies found that Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) was a direct target of miR-194. Overexpression of miR-194 inhibited the expression of RAC1 in liver CSCs. Special RAC1 siRNA diminished the discrepancy in liver CSC proportion and the self-renewal capacity between miR-194 overexpression hepatoma cells and control cells, which further confirmed that RAC1 was required in miR-194-inhibited liver CSCs expansion. More importantly, downregulated expression of miR-194 was a predictor of poor prognosis of HCC patients.

Mechanism of Excellent Photoelectric Characteristics in Mixed-Phase ZnMgO Ultraviolet Photodetectors with Single Cutoff Wavelength.

Mixed-phase ZnMgO (m-ZMO) thin films with a single absorption edge tuning from ∼3.9 to ∼4.8 eV were realized on a-face sapphire (a-Al2O3) by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The small lattice mismatch of both ZnO and MgO with a-Al2O3 should be responsible for the single and controllable absorption edge. Metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetectors were fabricated based on these m-ZMO films, and the devices have the single cutoff wavelength, which can be tuned from 335 to 275 nm. These devices possess low dark current (78 pA for m-Z0.67M0.33O, 11 pA for m-Z0.59M0.41O, and 4 pA for m-Z0.39M0.61O at 40 V) and high responsivity (434 A/W for m-Z0.67M0.33O, 89.8 A/W for m-Z0.59M0.41O, and 3.7 A/W for m-Z0.39M0.61O at 40 V). Further response study reveals that the 90-10% decay time of m-Z0.67M0.33O, m-Z0.59M0.41O, and m-Z0.39M0.61O is around 37, 30, and 0.7 ms, respectively. Large amounts of heterojunction interfaces between wurtzite ZMO and cubic rock-salt ZMO could be responsible for the low dark current and high responsivity of our mixed-phase devices. The excellent comprehensive performance of m-ZMO UV photodetectors on a-Al2O3 suggests that m-ZMO UV photodetectors should have great applied potential.

[Influence of non-ionic surfactants on sludge dewaterability].

The water content of dewatered sludge cake decreases to about 80% by current sludge dewatering technologies, which hardly satisfies the stricter standards of sludge disposal. In order to evaluate the effects of non-ionic surfactants on sludge dewaterability, two kinds of non-ionic surfactants (OPEO and APG) were studied by using two evaluation indexes, i. e. , specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and dewatering efficiency. Moreover, morphologies of conditioned sewage sludge and raw sludge were comparatively investigated. Results showed that non-ionic surfactants can decrease the particle size of sewage sludge floc and generate more homogenous and regular shape, and then improve the dewatering efficiency. APG has better effect on sewage sludge dewatering than OPEO. SRF of conditioned sludge with APG dosage of 0.05% DS decreased to 42% of SRF of raw sludge, and its dewatering efficiency was as high as 93%. Plate-frame pressure filter experiment demonstrated that, the water content of dewatered cake conditioned with APG dosage of 0.05% DS was lower by about 10% than that of dewatered cake without APG, and its dewatering efficiency reached 97%. Therefore, this research provides some reference for the application of APG in sludge dewatering.

Changes of the sphincter of Oddi motility in dog after cholecystectomy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of cholecystectomy on the motility of the sphincter of Oddi (SO). METHODS: Pressures of common bile duct (CBD), SO motility and its response to bolus injections of cholecystokinin (CCK, 20 ng/kg and 100 ng/kg) were detected respectively by manometry in eight Beagle dogs before and after cholecystectomy. RESULTS: After cholecystectomy the CBD pressure increased 2.18 ± 1.86 mmHg, while the cyclical motion pattern of SO still existed but with a shortened cycle duration. The basal pressure (BP), phasic contraction amplitude (PCA), phasic contraction frequency (PCF) and its mode of propagation did not change significantly. Under the stimulation of CCK after cholecystectomy, although the motion patterns of SO were similar to those before cholecystectomy, the greatest inhibitory efficacy of BP and PCA all decreased with the prolonged excitement duration and the increased percentage of retrograde contraction. CONCLUSIONS: Shortly after a cholecystectomy in Beagle dogs, the CBD pressure increased, SO motilities did not change significantly during the interdigestive phase except with a shortened cycle duration. Its relaxation responded to CCK was weakened with a confused contraction pattern.

[Synthesis and characterization of silver-intermediates in the development process of photothermographic material].

Photothermographic material (PTG) is one of the frontier subjects in the field of photographic science during the last decade. In the present paper, the silver-intermediate in development process of PTG material-disilver phthalate (Ag2PA) was prepared by the liquid deposition method, and Ag2PHZ2PA x H2O complex was synthesized successfully by liquid dispersion means using Ag2PA and phthalazine (PHZ) as the reactants. The composition of Ag2PA and Ag2PHZ2PA x H2O was determined by ICP-AES and elemental analysis, and the two silver-intermediates were characterized with XRD, FTIR, TG and DSC. As a result, the silver-intermediates in the development process of PTG material, Ag2PA and Ag2PHZ2PA x H2O, were qualitatively analyzed respectively.