PruΔcdpk2 Protects Pigs against Acute Toxoplasmosis Depending on T-Lymphocyte Subsets and Natural Killer Cell Responses.

Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread protozoan parasite approximately infecting one-third of the world population and can cause serious public health problems. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of the attenuated vaccine Pru:Δcdpk2 against acute toxoplasmosis and explored the underlying immune mechanisms of the protection in pigs. The systemic T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell responses were analyzed, including kinetics, phenotype, and multifunctionality (interferon [IFN]-γ, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α), and the IFN-γ levels were analyzed in PBMCs. Our results showed that T. gondii-specific antibodies were induced by Pru:Δcdpk2. After challenging with RH, the antibodies were able to respond quickly in the immunized group, and the expression level was significantly higher than that in the unimmunized group. The expression level of IFN-γ significantly increased after vaccination, and the CD3+ γδ-, NK, and CD3+ γδ+ cell subsets also significantly increased. At the same time, functional analysis indicated that these cells were polarized toward a Th1 phenotype, showing the ability to secrete IFN-γ and TNF-α. The CD4+CD8α-T cell population exhibited a higher frequency of IFN-γ+ producing cells compared with the CD4-CD8α+ and CD4+CD8α+ cell populations during the early days of vaccination. Our results indicated that the attenuated vaccine could induce the expression of NK, γδ, and CD3αß cells in pigs, and IFN-γ and TNF-α secreted by these cells are important for resistance to T. gondii infection.

Dissolving-co-catalytic strategy for the preparation of flexible and wet-stable cellulose membrane towards biodegradable packaging.

In the realization of the goal of circular economy, cellulose as one of sustainable biomass resources, have attracted much attention because of their abundant sources, biodegradability and renewability. However, the mechanical and waterproof performance of cellulose-based materials are usually not satisfying, which limits their high-value utilization. In this study, cellulose membrane with high-performance from the aspects of mechanical properties, water-resistance ability, oxygen barrier capacity and biodegradability, was prepared from bleached hardwood pulp (HBKP) in a AlCl3/ZnCl2/H2O solution. The AlCl3/ZnCl2/H2O acted as both solvent and catalyst to dissolve cellulose and facilitate the chemical crosslinking of epichlorohydrin (EPI) with cellulose, thus improved the overall performance of the obtained cellulose membrane. The addition sequence, amount and crosslinking time of EPI during chemical crosslinking had important effects on the properties of the membranes. When 7 wt% EPI was crosslinked for 24 h, the tensile stress reached 133 MPa and the strain reached 17 %. Moreover, the membrane had excellent oxygen insulation down to (1.1 ± 0.31) × 10-4 cm3/m2·d·Pa, and good water-resistance ability, no obvious swelling behavior after 450 days of immersion in distilled water. Furthermore, the membrane could be degraded by microorganisms in about 20 days. This cellulose-based membrane offers a sustainable and biodegradable packaging material.

An abbreviated Chinese dyslexia screening behavior checklist for primary school students using a machine learning approach.

To increase early identification and intervention of dyslexia, a prescreening instrument is critical to identifying children at risk. The present work sought to shorten and validate the 30-item Mandarin Dyslexia Screening Behavior Checklist for Primary School Students (the full checklist; Fan et al., , 19, 521-527, 2021). Our participants were 15,522 Mandarin-Chinese-speaking students and their parents, sampled from classrooms in grades 2-6 across regions in mainland China. A machine learning approach (lasso regression) was applied to shorten the full checklist (Fan et al., , 19, 521-527, 2021), constructing grade-specific brief checklists first, followed by a compilation of the common brief checklist based on the similarity across grade-specific checklists. All checklists (the full, grade-specific brief, and common brief versions) were validated and compared with data in our sample and an external sample (N = 114; Fan et al., , 19, 521-527, 2021). The results indicated that the six-item common brief checklist showed consistently high reliability (αs > .82) and reasonable classification performance (about 60% prediction accuracy and 70% sensitivity), comparable to that of the full checklist and all grade-specific brief checklists across our current sample and the external sample from Fan et al., , 19, 521-527, (2021). Our analysis showed that 2.42 (out of 5) was the cutoff score that helped classify children's reading status (children who scored higher than 2.42 might be considered at risk for dyslexia). Our final product is a valid, accessible, common brief checklist for prescreening primary school children at risk for Chinese dyslexia, which can be used across grades and regions in mainland China.

Genome-wide identification of the MED25 BINDING RING-H2 PROTEIN gene family in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) and the role of SiMBR2 in resistance to abiotic stress in Arabidopsis.

MAIN CONCLUSION: The SiMBR genes in foxtail millet were identified and studied. Heterologous expression of SiMBR2 in Arabidopsis can improve plant tolerance to drought stress by decreasing the level of reactive oxygen species. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), a C4 crop recognized for its exceptional resistance to drought stress, presents an opportunity to improve the genetic resilience of other crops by examining its unique stress response genes and understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance. In our previous study, we identified several genes linked to drought stress by transcriptome analysis, including SiMBR2 (Seita.7G226600), a member of the MED25 BINDING RING-H2 PROTEIN (MBR) gene family, which is related to protein ubiquitination. Here, we have identified ten SiMBR genes in foxtail millet and conducted analyses of their structural characteristics, chromosomal locations, cis-acting regulatory elements within their promoters, and predicted transcription patterns specific to various tissues or developmental stages using bioinformatic approaches. Further investigation of the stress response of SiMBR2 revealed that its transcription is induced by treatments with salicylic acid and gibberellic acid, as well as by salt and osmotic stresses, while exposure to high or low temperatures led to a decrease in its transcription levels. Heterologous expression of SiMBR2 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced the plant's tolerance to water deficit by reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species under drought stress. In summary, this study provides support for exploring the molecular mechanisms associated with drought resistance of SiMBR genes in foxtail millet and contributing to genetic improvement and molecular breeding in other crops.

A tough, reversible and highly sensitive humidity actuator based on cellulose nanofiber films by intercalation modulated plasticization.

Cellulose nanofiber was an ideal candidate for humidity actuators based on its wide availability, biocompatibility and excellent hydrophilicity. However, conventional cellulose nanofiber-based actuators faced challenges like poor water resistance, flexibility, and sensitivity. Herein, water-resistant, flexible, and highly sensitive cross-linked cellulose nanofibers (CCNF) single-layer humidity actuators with remarkable reversible humidity responsiveness were prepared by combining the green click chemistry modification and intercalation modulated plasticization (IMP). The incorporation of phenyl ring and the crosslinked network structure in CCNF films contributed to its improved water resistance and mechanical properties (with a stress increased from 85.9 ± 3.1 MPa to 141.2 ± 21.5 MPa). SEM analysis confirmed enhanced interlaminar sliding properties facilitated by IMP. This resulted in increased flexibility and toughness of CCNF films, with a strain of 11.5 % and toughness of 9.9 MJ/m3. These improvements efficiently enhanced humidity sensitivity for cellulose nanofiber, with a 4.8-fold increase in bending curvature and a response time of only 3.4 ± 0.1 s. Finally, the good humidity sensitivity of modified CNF can be easily imparted to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via simple self-assembly method, thus leading to a high-performance humidity-responsive actuator. The click chemistry modification and IMP offer a new avenue to fabricate tough, reversible and highly sensitive humidity actuator based on cellulose nanofiber.

Isolating Antipathogenic Fungal Coumarins from Coriaria nepalensis and Determining Their Primary Mechanism In Vitro.

Through bioassay-guided isolation, eight undescribed coumarins (1-8), along with six reported coumarins (9-14), were obtained from Coriaria nepalensis. The new structures were determined by using IR, UV, NMR, HRESIMS, and ECD calculations. The results of the biological activity assays showed that compound 9 exhibited broad spectrum antifungal activities against all tested fungi in vitro and a significant inhibitory effect on Phytophthora nicotianae with an EC50 value of 3.00 µg/mL. Notably, compound 9 demonstrated greater curative and protective effects against tobacco balack shank than those of osthol in vivo. Thus, 9 was structurally modified to obtain new promising antifungal agents, and the novel derivatives (17b, 17j, and 17k) exhibited better effects on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum than did lead compound 9. Preliminary mechanistic exploration illustrated that 9 could enhance cell membrane permeability, destroy the morphology and ultrastructure of cells, and reduce the exopolysaccharide content of P. nicotianae mycelia. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity results revealed that compound 9 exhibited relatively low cytotoxicity against HEK293 cell lines with an inhibition rate of 33.54% at 30 µg/mL. This research is promising for the discovery of new fungicides from natural coumarins with satisfactory ecological compatibility.

Preparation of strong, UV-blocking and sustainable glucose-cross-linked cellulose plastics via hydroxyl-yne click reaction.

The construction of functional cellulose plastics possessing strong UV-blocking, hydrophilicity, and biodegradability is challenging. Therefore, we provide a novel strategy to successfully prepare sustainable and hydrophilic glucose-cross-linked cellulose (GC) plastics showing effective UV-blocking and excellent mechanical properties via hydroxyl-yne click reaction at room temperature. The results demonstrated that hydroxyl-yne click chemistry enabled efficient crosslinking of cellulose with glucose using 4-dimethylamino pyridine (DMAP) as a catalyst. Moreover, the DMAP residue imparted good UV-shielding properties to GC films exhibiting nearly 100 % UVC (200-275 nm) and 100 % UVB (320-275 nm) shielding ratios. The introduction of glucose imparted superior hydrophilicity (water contact angle of 40.3-43.2°) and improved water adsorption. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the GC films increased with the increasing crosslinking density, and the highest tensile stress was 94 MPa. The water-induced breaking and hydrogen bond reforming strategy led to a stress of 127 MPa and a strain of 25.6 % for the final GC2 film, which were excellent compared to those of the most reported cellulose films. Additionally, GC films were biosafe, exhibited improved oxygen barrier, and good biodegradability. Hence, this study provides a promising and efficient approach for preparing high-performance cellulose plastics.

Mussel-inspired chitin nanofiber adherable hydrogel sensor with interpenetrating network and great fatigue resistance for motion and acoustics monitoring.

A method for grafting dopamine onto TEMPO-oxidized chitin nanofibers (TOChN) was developed, achieving a surface grafting rate of 54 % through the EDC/NHS reaction. This process resulted in the formation of dopamine-grafted TOChN (TOChN-DA). Subsequently, an adherent, highly sensitive, fatigue-resistant conductive PAM/TOChN-PDA/Fe3+ (PTPF) hydrogel was successfully synthesized based on the composition of polyacrylamide (PAM) and TOChN-DA, which exhibited good cell compatibility, a tensile strength of 89.42 kPa, and a high adhesion strength of 62.56 kPa with 1.2 wt% TOChN-DA. Notably, the PTPF hydrogel showed stable adherence to various surfaces, such as rubber, copper, and human skin. Specifically, the addition of FeCl3 contributed to a multifunctional design in the PTPF interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel, endowing it with conductivity, cohesion, and antioxidant properties, which facilitated sensitive motion and acoustics monitoring. Moreover, the PTPF hydrogel demonstrated exceptional fatigue resistance and sensing stability, maintaining performance at 50 % strain over 1000 cycles. These attributes render the PTPF hydrogel a promising candidate for advanced biosensors in medical and athletic applications.

Promoting microbial fermentation in lignocellulosic hydrolysates by removal of inhibitors using MTES and PEI-modified chitosan-chitin nanofiber hybrid aerogel.

To further enhance the removal efficiency for furanic and phenolic compounds in lignocellulosic hydrolysates, a new detoxification strategy was proposed, which retained fermentable sugars and promoted the growth and metabolism of subsequent bacteria. The best adsorbent (P/M-CCA) was prepared by hybrid chitosan-chitin nanofiber, graft modification with polyethylenimine, and silanization with methyl triethoxylsilane in order. Taken corn cob hydrolysate as object, the removal rates of HMF and furfural were 85.1 % and 99.0 %, respectively. The removal rates of six out of nine phenolic inhibitors were 100 %, and the other three were more than 65 %. Even better, the retention rates of glucose and xylose were both 100 %. In contrast to no growth in undetoxified hydrolysates, Bacillus coagulans grew normally in detoxified hydrolysates, and lactic acid reached 19.1 g/L after 12 h fermentation. P/M-CCA achieves both removal of multiple inhibitors and retain sugars, which would promote the valorization of highly toxic lignocellulosic hydrolysates.

Photocrosslinkable and hydroplasicable UV-shielding nanocellulose films facilitated by hydroxyl-yne click reaction.

Sustainably-sourced functional nanocellulose materials are vitally important for the green and sustainable development. Herein, we reported photocrosslinkable and hydroplasticable TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber phenyl propylene ketone ethers (TOCNPPK) films with excellent ultraviolet (UV) shielding, highly reversible processability, and extended mechanical properties, which were facilitated by green hydroxyl-yne click reaction. The introduction of conjugated aromatic ring and vinyl bonds (-C=C-) had been demonstrated the key for the improved overall performance of resultant TOCNPPK, which not only endowed the TOCNPPK with nearly 100 % UV shielding, but also enabled it to be formed into diverse 3D shapes (helix, ring and letters "N, F, U") via the facile hydrosetting method. The photocrosslinkable-enhanced mechanical performance of TOCNPPK films was also attributed to -C=C- which could crosslink via [2π + 2π] cycloaddition reactions under UV-irradiation. The ultimate stress of TOCNPPK films was as high as 210.0 ± 22.8 MPa and the Young's modulus was 11.5 ± 0.7 GPa, much superior to those of 128.6 ± 8.5 MPa and 9.2 ± 0.6 GPa for pristine TOCN films. Furthermore, the TOCNPPK had been demonstrated as efficient nanofillers for both hydrophilic polyvinyl alcohol and lipophilic polycaprolactone to develop advanced biodegradable composite films with the integration of good water-wetting resistance, excellent UV blocking, and photo-enhanced mechanical performance.

Facile preparation of re-dispersible/amphoteric nanochitin powder via choline chloride/propanedioic composite for stabilizing Pickering emulsions.

Choline chloride (ChCl)/propanedioic acid (PA) based hydrated composites are synthesized for producing nanochitins from crab shell in this work. The yield of nanochitin remains higher than 75 %, even if the water content reaches 80 %. ChCl is found necessary for the successful nano-fibrillation of chitin. However, PA contributes more to the yield improvement of nanochitin. ChCl mediated PA hydrolysis leads to the successful grafting of carboxyl groups in nanochitins, contributing to its amphoteric dispersed nature. After salt-induced separation and freeze-drying treatment, dried nanochitin powder can be prepared and found to disperse well either in acidic or alkaline suspension, exhibiting efficient drying/redispersion performance. The well amphoteric and drying/redispersion nature both benefit the facile preparation of nanochitin-based Pickering emulsions. For Pickering emulsion prepared under different pH, creaming only appears under acidic conditions (pH 3) for which the creaming index reaches 10.56 % after 30 days of storage. No obvious de-emulsification can be observed under pH 7 and 10. The efficient amphoteric and drying/redispersion nature together with the simplified preparation process of nanochitins are believed to facilitate the processing and practical applications of nanochitin.

Functional analyses of Toxoplasma gondii dihydroorotase reveal a promising anti-parasitic target.

Toxoplasma gondii relies heavily on the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway for fueling the high uridine-5'-monophosphate (UMP) demand during parasite growth. The third step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis is catalyzed by dihydroorotase (DHO), a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the reversible condensation of carbamoyl aspartate to dihydroorotate. Here, functional analyses of TgDHO reveal that tachyzoites lacking DHO are impaired in overall growth due to decreased levels of UMP, and the noticeably growth restriction could be partially rescued after supplementation with uracil or high concentrations of L-dihydroorotate in vitro. When pyrimidine salvage pathway is disrupted, both DHOH35A and DHOD284E mutant strains proliferated much slower than DHO-expressing parasites, suggesting an essential role of both TgDHO His35 and Asp284 residues in parasite growth. Additionally, DHO deletion causes the limitation of bradyzoite growth under the condition of uracil supplementation or uracil deprivation. During the infection in mice, the DHO-deficient parasites are avirulent, despite the generation of smaller tissue cysts. The results reveal that TgDHO contributes to parasite growth both in vitro and in vivo. The significantly differences between TgDHO and mammalian DHO reflect that DHO can be exploited to produce specific inhibitors targeting apicomplexan parasites. Moreover, potential DHO inhibitors exert beneficial effects on enzymatic activity of TgDHO and T. gondii growth in vitro. In conclusion, these data highlight the important role of TgDHO in parasite growth and reveal that it is a promising anti-parasitic target for future control of toxoplasmosis.

Four new pregnane C21 steroids isolated from the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum.

Four new steroids cynansteroid G-I (1-3) and cynansteroid K (4), a new natural product 5,6-deacidizingcaudatin (5), and a known compound glycocaudatin (6), were isolated from the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum. The structures of new compounds were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including NMR, HRESI-MS, ECD, UV, and IR spectral data. The cytotoxic activities of all the isolates against two human tumour cell lines (COLO-205 and BGC-823) were screened, unfortunately, which were weaker than positive control.

A Rapid Aza-Bicycle Synthesis from Dendralenes and Imines.

The diene-transmissive 2-fold Diels-Alder sequence between carbon-based dienophiles and [3]dendralenes is becoming an established method for polycarbocycle synthesis. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that imines are competent participants in intermolecular formal [4 + 2] cycloadditions with dendralenes. After a second Diels-Alder process with a carbadienophile, hexahydro- and octahydro-isoquinoline structures are formed. The formal aza-Diels-Alder reaction, which requires Lewis acid promotion, proceeds in high regio- and stereoselectivity under optimized conditions. ωB97XD/Def2-TZVP//M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) calculations reveal a stepwise ionic mechanism for the formal aza-dienophile cycloadditions and also explain an unexpected Z → E olefin isomerization of a non-reacting C═C bond in the first formal cycloaddition.

Energy financing, energy projects retrofit and energy poverty: a scenario-analysis approach for energy project cost estimation and energy price determination.

The research aims to determine the nexus of energy projects retrofit and poverty under two scenarios: energy project cost estimation and energy price determination. Households in rural areas of northern China are now required to switch from coal to cleaner heating options, including natural gas and electricity, as part of a government-led clean heating initiative. This initiative significantly increased the heating expense for participating homes, even when substantial subsidies were applied. We surveyed a large number of northern Chinese households to learn more about the rise in energy insecurity that has been attributed to government action. Our research shows that switching to electricity and gas from coal considerably worsens energy poverty in several ways, whereas switching to clean coal improves the situation. According to an econometric study, changes in energy poverty reveal heterogeneity in several ways. There is little change in Beijing, while the considerably less developed province of Hebei to the north sees a 75% rise. Energy poverty is more common in families with poorer incomes, lower levels of education, and smaller sizes. People who lack resources to insulate their homes will feel the effects more acutely. These results support the idea that low-income families would suffer disproportionately under a "one policy for all" mandate. For policymakers working on energy transition strategies for a low-carbon economy, it highlights the need to consider the distributional impact.

Development of a novel method for diagnosis of fasciolosis based on cathepsin L7 in ruminants.

Fasciolosis is a widely distributed zoonosis reported over 81 countries around the world. Good and early diagnostic method is critical in controlling this disease and prevention of injury to the liver and bile ducts. In this study, we identified a novel member (cathepsin L7) of cathepsin family from Fasciola spp.. Firstly, the biological character of CL7 was analyzed according to the information of cathepsin L family, and then rCL7 was expressed and purified, a new iELISA based on CL7 was developed. The results exhibited CL7 iELISA had 100% sensitivity 100% specificity in sheep (cut-off 1.329) and 100% sensitivity 93.75% specificity in cattle (cut-off 0.756). Moreover, anti-Fasciola CL7 antibodies could be detected in early Fasciola gigantica infected buffaloes, as early as 3 week-post-infection (WPI). In conclusion, it is suggested that CL7 with low cost, early detection, good specificity and sensitivity could be used as a candidate antigen for detection of ruminant fasciolosis.

Tough and strong sustainable thermoplastic elastomers nanocomposite with self-assembly of SI-ATRP modified cellulose nanofibers.

The ingenious design of sustainable thermoplastic elastomers (STPEs) is of great significance for the goal of the sustainable development. However, the preparation of STPEs with good mechanical performance is still complicated and challenging. Herein, to achieve a simple preparation of STPEs with strong mechanical properties, two biobased monomers (tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate (THFMA) and lauryl methacrylate (LMA)) were copolymerized into poly (THFMA-co-LMA) (PTL) and grafted onto TEMPO oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN) via one-pot surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI ATRP). The grafting modified TOCN could be self-assembled into nano-enhanced phases in STPEs, which are conducive to the double enhancement of the strength and toughness of the STPEs, and the size of nano-enhanced phases is mainly affected by TOCN fiber length and molecular weight of grafting chains. Especially, with the addition of 7 wt% TOCN, tensile strength, tensile strain, toughness, and glass transition temperature (Tg) of TOCN based STPEs (TOCN@PTL) exhibited 140 %, 36 %, 215 %, and 6.8 °C increase respectively, which confirmed the leading level in the field of bio-based elastomers. In general, this work constitutes a proof for the chemical modification and self-assembly behavior of TOCN by one-pot SI ATRP, and provides an alternative strategy for the preparation of high-performance STPEs.

ROP16 of Toxoplasma gondii Inhibits Innate Immunity by Triggering cGAS-STING Pathway Inactivity through the Polyubiquitination of STING.

cGAS-STING signaling is a major pathway in inducing type Ⅰ IFN, which plays a crucial role in the defense against T. gondii infection. In contrast, T. gondii develops multiple strategies to counteract the host defense, causing serious diseases in a wide range of hosts. Here, we demonstrate that T. gondii rhoptry protein 16 (ROP16) dampens type I interferon signaling via the inhibition of the cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase) pathway through the polyubiquitination of STING. Mechanistically, ROP16 interacts with STING through the SignalP domain and inhibits the K63-linked ubiquitination of STING in an NLS (nuclear localization signal)-domain-dependent manner. Consequently, knocking out the ROP16 in PRU tachyzoites promotes the STING-mediated production of type I IFNs and limits the replication of T. gondii. Together, these findings describe a distinct pathway where T. gondii exploits the ubiquitination of STING to evade host anti-parasite immunity, revealing new insights into the interaction between the host and parasites.

One-pot and one-step preparation of "living" cellulose nanofiber hydrogel with active double-bond via chemical vapor deposition.

Due to the existence of water, it is still a challenge to conduct chemical modification on cellulose nanofiber (CNF) hydrogels with active double bonds. A simple one-pot and one-step method for constructing "living" CNF hydrogel with double bond was created at room temperature. The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of methacryloyl chloride (MACl) was used to introduce physical-trapped, chemical-anchored and functional double bonds into TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCN) hydrogels. TOCN hydrogel could be fabricated within just 0.5 h, the minimum dosage of MACl could be reduced to 3.22 mg/g (MACl/TOCN hydrogel). Furthermore, the CVD methods showed high efficiency for mass production and recyclability. Moreover, the chemical "living" reactivity of the introduced double bonds were verified by the freezing and UV crosslinking, radical polymerization and thiol-ene click reaction. Compared with pure TOCN hydrogel, the obtained functionalized TOCN hydrogel exhibited remarkable improvements in mechanical properties, with enhancements of 12.34 times and 2.04 times, as well as an increase in hydrophobicity by 2.14 times and a fluorescence performance improvement of 2.93 times.

Super-Macroporous Lightweight Materials Templated from Bicontinuous Intra-Phase Jammed Emulsion Gels Based on Nanochitin.

Non-equilibrium multiphase systems are formed by mixing two immiscible nanoparticle dispersions, leading to bicontinuous emulsions that template cryogels with interconnected, tortuous channels. Herein, a renewable, rod-like biocolloid (chitin nanocrystals, ChNC) is used to kinetically arrest bicontinuous morphologies. Specifically, it is found that ChNC stabilizes intra-phase jammed bicontinuous systems at an ultra-low particle concentration (as low as 0.6 wt.%), leading to tailorable morphologies. The synergistic effects of ChNC high aspect ratio, intrinsic stiffness, and interparticle interactions produce hydrogelation and, upon drying, lead to open channels bearing dual characteristic sizes, suitably integrated into robust bicontinuous ultra-lightweight solids. Overall, it demonstrates the successful formation of ChNC-jammed bicontinuous emulsions and a facile emulsion templating route to synthesize chitin cryogels that form unique super-macroporous networks.