Table Correction: Effectiveness of eHealth Smoking Cessation Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/45111.].

Effectiveness of eHealth Smoking Cessation Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Rapid advancements in eHealth and mobile health (mHealth) technologies have driven researchers to design and evaluate numerous technology-based interventions to promote smoking cessation. The evolving nature of cessation interventions emphasizes a strong need for knowledge synthesis. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize recent evidence from randomized controlled trials regarding the effectiveness of eHealth-based smoking cessation interventions in promoting abstinence and assess nonabstinence outcome indicators, such as cigarette consumption and user satisfaction, via narrative synthesis. METHODS: We searched for studies published in English between 2017 and June 30, 2022, in 4 databases: PubMed (including MEDLINE), PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Two independent reviewers performed study screening, data extraction, and quality assessment based on the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) framework. We pooled comparable studies based on the population, follow-up time, intervention, and control characteristics. Two researchers performed an independent meta-analysis on smoking abstinence using the Sidik-Jonkman random-effects model and log risk ratio (RR) as the effect measurement. For studies not included in the meta-analysis, the outcomes were narratively synthesized. RESULTS: A total of 464 studies were identified through an initial database search after removing duplicates. Following screening and full-text assessments, we deemed 39 studies (n=37,341 participants) eligible for this review. Of these, 28 studies were shortlisted for meta-analysis. According to the meta-analysis, SMS or app text messaging can significantly increase both short-term (3 months) abstinence (log RR=0.50, 95% CI 0.25-0.75; I2=0.72%) and long-term (6 months) abstinence (log RR=0.77, 95% CI 0.49-1.04; I2=8.65%), relative to minimal cessation support. The frequency of texting did not significantly influence treatment outcomes. mHealth apps may significantly increase abstinence in the short term (log RR=0.76, 95% CI 0.09-1.42; I2=88.02%) but not in the long term (log RR=0.15, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.48; I2=80.06%), in contrast to less intensive cessation support. In addition, personalized or interactive interventions showed a moderate increase in cessation for both the short term (log RR=0.62, 95% CI 0.30-0.94; I2=66.50%) and long term (log RR=0.28, 95% CI 0.04-0.53; I2=73.42%). In contrast, studies without any personalized or interactive features had no significant impact. Finally, the treatment effect was similar between trials that used biochemically verified or self-reported abstinence. Among studies reporting outcomes besides abstinence (n=20), a total of 11 studies reported significantly improved nonabstinence outcomes in cigarette consumption (3/14, 21%) or user satisfaction (8/19, 42%). CONCLUSIONS: Our review of 39 randomized controlled trials found that recent eHealth interventions might promote smoking cessation, with mHealth being the dominant approach. Despite their success, the effectiveness of such interventions may diminish with time. The design of more personalized interventions could potentially benefit future studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42022347104; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=347104.

Retracted: Costunolide Inhibits the Growth of OAW42-A Multidrug-Resistant Human Ovarian Cancer Cells by Activating Apoptotic and Autophagic Pathways, Production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Cleaved Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-9.

On Authors request due to not being able to reproduce the experiment. Reference: Yichen Fang, Jie Li, Yinan Wu, Jing Gui, Yang Shen. Costunolide Inhibits the Growth of OAW42-A Multidrug-Resistant Human Ovarian Cancer Cells by Activating Apoptotic and Autophagic Pathways, Production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Cleaved Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-9. Med Sci Monit, 2019; 25: 3231-3237. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.914029.

LncRNA MNX1-AS1 promotes ovarian cancer process via targeting the miR-744-5p/SOX12 axis.

PURPOSE: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most common malignancy in women with high mortality. Increasing studies have revealed that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MNX1-AS1 has a promoting effect on various cancers. However, the mechanisms of MNX1-AS1 in OC are still unclear. Therefore, this study focused on exploring the mechanisms of MNX1-AS1 in OC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of SOX12 at the protein level was detected by western blot. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK8 assay and colony formation assay. Cell cycle and cell apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Wound-healing assay, transwell assay and western blot were used to detect the ability of cell migration and invasion. The target binding was confirmed through the luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: The expression of MNX1-AS1 was increased in OC tumor tissues and cells. Elevated MNX1-AS1 expression is associated with advanced stage and lower overall survival rate. Knockdown of MNX1-AS1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, blocked cell cycle, and promoted cell apoptosis in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells. MNX1-AS1 was competitively binding with miR-744-5p, and its downstream target gene was SOX12. miR-544-5p expression was decreased, while SOX12 expression was increased in OC tumor tissues and cells. Overexpression of miR-744-5p inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and promoted cell apoptosis in SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3 cells. CONCLUSION: MNX1-AS1 promoted the development of OC through miR-744-5p/SOX12 axis. This study revealed a novel mechanism of MNX1-AS1 in OC, which may provide a new treatment or scanning target for OC.

Costunolide Inhibits the Growth of OAW42-A Multidrug-Resistant Human Ovarian Cancer Cells by Activating Apoptotic and Autophagic Pathways, Production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Cleaved Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-9.

BACKGROUND Worldwide, ovarian cancer has a high mortality rate due to the difficulty in diagnosing early-stage disease and resistance to chemotherapy agents. Costunolide is a plant-derived sesquiterpene lactone with anti-oxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of costunolide on cell growth, apoptosis, autophagy, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9 on the multidrug-resistant ovarian cancer cell line, OAW42-A. MATERIAL AND METHODS The MTT assay determined the proliferation rate of OAW42-A multidrug-resistant ovarian cancer cells and the apoptosis rate was determined using propidium iodide (PI) staining. Autophagy was detected by measuring the expression of LC3 II. Fluorescence flow cytometry was used to measure the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the mitochondrial membrane potential. Protein expression of LC3 II, beclin 1, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9 were measured by Western blot. RESULTS Costunolide treatment inhibited the growth of OAW42-A cells with an IC50 of 25 µM, resulted in apoptotic cell death, increased the expression of Bax, and decreased the expression of Bcl-2. Confocal electron microscopy showed that costunolide induced autophagy in the OAW42-A cells. Western blot showed that costunolide treatment of OAW42-A cells increased the expression of the LC3 II, beclin 1, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9. Costunolide treatment significantly increased the levels of ROS and reduced the OAW42-A cell mitochondrial membrane potential. CONCLUSIONS Costunolide inhibited growth, apoptosis, ROS generation, and was associated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential of OAW42-A multidrug-resistant ovarian cancer cells.

Artificial Shape Perception Retina Network Based on Tunable Memristive Neurons.

Retina shows an extremely high signal processing efficiency because of its specific signal processing strategy which called computing in sensor. In retina, photoreceptor cells encode light signals into spikes and ganglion cells finish the shape perception process. In order to realize the neuromorphic vision sensor, the one-transistor-one-memristor (1T1M) structure which formed by one memristor and one MOSFET in serial is used to construct photoreceptor cell and ganglion cell. The voltage changes between two terminals of memristor and MOSFET can mimic the changes of membrane potential caused by spikes and illumination respectively. In this paper, the tunable memristive neurons with 1T1M structures are built. According to the concept of receptive field of ganglion cells (GCs) in the retina, the artificial shape perception retina network is constructed with these memristive neurons. The final results show that the artificial retina can extract shape information from the image and transfer it into spike frequency realizing the function of computing in sensor.

Circular RNA expression in extracellular vesicles isolated from serum of patients with endometrial cancer.

AIM: We aimed to explore the roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from serum of patients with endometrial cancer. MATERIALS & METHODS: EVs were isolated from serum samples of three patients with stage III adenocarcinoma aged 50-60 years and three matched healthy controls. RNA was extracted from the EVs and analyzed using RNA-seq technique. RESULTS: We got 209 upregulated circRNAs and 66 downregulated circRNAs. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis indicated that the differentially expressed circRNAs were enriched in five pathways. The expression level of hsa_circ_0109046 and hsa_circ_0002577 was confirmed using real-time quantitative PCR. CONCLUSION: We identified 275 differentially expressed circRNAs and the expression level of two circRNAs was confirmed using real-time quantitative PCR.

Flexible Polymer Device Based on Parylene-C with Memory and Temperature Sensing Functionalities.

Polychloro-para-xylylene (parylene-C) is a flexible and transparent polymer material which has excellent chemical stability and high biocompatibility. Here we demonstrate a polymer device based on single-component parylene-C with memory and temperature sensing functionalities. The device shows stable bipolar resistive switching behavior, remarkable storage window (>104), and low operation voltages, exhibiting great potential for flexible resistive random-access memory (RRAM) applications. The I-V curves and conductive atomic force microscopy (CAFM) results verify the metallic filamentary-type switching mechanism based on the formation and dissolution of a metal bridge related to the redox reaction of the active metal electrode. In addition, due to the metallic properties of the low-resistance state (LRS) in the polymer device, the resistance in the LRS exhibits a nearly linear relationship at the temperature regime between 25 °C and 100 °C. With a temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of 2.136 × 10-3/°C, the device is also promising for the flexible temperature sensor applications.

Modulation of nonlinear resistive switching behavior of a TaOx-based resistive device through interface engineering.

A resistive switching device with inherent nonlinear characteristics through a delicately engineered interfacial layer is an ideal component to be integrated into passive crossbar arrays for the suppression of sneaking current, especially in ultra-dense 3D integration. In this paper, we demonstrated a TaOx-based bipolar resistive switching device with a nearly symmetrical bi-directional nonlinear feature through interface engineering. This was accomplished by introducing an ultra-thin interfacial layer (SiO2-x) with unique features, including a large band gap and a certain level of negative heat of oxide formation between the top electrode (TiN) and resistive layer (TaOx). The devices exhibit excellent nonlinear property under both positive and negative bias. Modulation of the inherent nonlinearity as well as the resistive switching mechanism are comprehensively studied by scrutinizing the results of the experimental control groups and the extensive characterizations including detailed compositional analysis, which suggests that the underlying mechanism of the nonlinear behavior is associatively governed by the serially connected metallic conductive filament and Flower-Nordheim tunneling barrier formed by the SiO2-x interface layer. The proposed device in this work has great potential to be implemented in future massive storage memory applications of high-density selector-free crossbar structure.

Nonassociative learning implementation by a single memristor-based multi-terminal synaptic device.

Animals' survival is dependent on their abilities to adapt to the changing environment by adjusting their behaviours, which is related to the ubiquitous learning behaviour, nonassociative learning. Thus mimicking the indispensable learning behaviour in organisms based on electronic devices is vital to better achieve artificial neural networks and neuromorphic computing. Here a three terminal device consisting of an oxide-based memristor and a NMOS transistor is proposed. The memristor with gradual conductance tuning inherently functions as the synapse between sensor neurons and motor neurons and presents adjustable synaptic plasticity, while the NMOS transistor attached to the memristor is utilized to mimic the modulatory effect of the neuromodulator released by inter neurons. Such a memristor-based multi-terminal device allows the practical implementation of significant nonassociative learning based on a single electronic device. In this study, the experience-induced modification behaviour, both habituation and sensitization, was successfully achieved. The dependence of the nonassociative behavioural response on the strength and interval of presented stimuli was also discussed. The implementation of nonassociative learning offers feasible and experimental advantages for further study on neuromorphic systems based on electronic devices.

Encapsulation layer design and scalability in encapsulated vertical 3D RRAM.

Here we propose a novel encapsulated vertical 3D RRAM structure with each resistive switching cell encapsulated by dielectric layers, contributing to both the reliability improvement of individual cells and thermal disturbance reduction of adjacent cells due to the effective suppression of unwanted oxygen vacancy diffusion. In contrast to the traditional vertical 3D RRAM, encapsulated bar-electrodes are adopted in the proposed structure substituting the previous plane-electrodes, thus encapsulated resistive switching cells can be naturally formed by simply oxidizing the tip of the metal bar-electrodes. In this work, TaO x -based 3D RRAM devices with SiO2 and Si3N4 as encapsulation layers are demonstrated, both showing significant advantages over traditional unencapsulated vertical 3D RRAM. Furthermore, it was found thermal conductivity and oxygen blocking ability are two key parameters of the encapsulation layer design influencing the scalability of vertical 3D RRAM. Experimental and simulation data show that oxygen blocking ability is more critical for encapsulation layers in the relatively large scale, while thermal conductivity becomes dominant as the stacking layers scale to the sub-10 nm regime. Finally, based on the notable impacts of the encapsulation layer on 3D RRAM scaling, an encapsulation material with both excellent oxygen blocking ability and high thermal conductivity such as AlN is suggested to be highly desirable to maximize the advantages of the proposed encapsulated structure. The findings in this work could pave the way for reliable ultrahigh-density storage applications in the big data era.

Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane-Containing Thiol-ene Fibers with Tunable Thermal and Mechanical Properties.

Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) are versatile inorganic-organic hybrid building blocks that have potential applications as reinforcement nanofillers, thermal stabilizers, and catalyst supports for metal nanoparticles. However, fabrication of fibrous materials with high POSS content has been a challenge because of the aggregation and solubility limits of POSS units. In this paper, we describe a robust and environmentally friendly fabrication approach of inorganic-organic hybrid POSS fibers by integrating UV initiated thiol-ene polymerization and centrifugal fiber spinning. The use of monomeric liquids in this approach not only reduces the consumption of heat energy and solvent, but it also promotes homogeneous mixing of organic and inorganic components that allows integration of large amount of POSS (up to 80 wt %) into the polymer network. The POSS containing thiol-ene fibers exhibited enhanced thermomechanical properties compared to purely organic analogs as revealed by substantial increases in residual weight and a factor of 4 increase in modulus after thermal treatment at 1000 °C. This simple fabrication approach combined with the tunability in fiber properties afforded by tailoring monomer composition make POSS containing thiol-ene fibers attractive candidates for catalyst supports and filtration media, particularly in high-temperature and harsh environments.

Novel Vertical 3D Structure of TaOx-based RRAM with Self-localized Switching Region by Sidewall Electrode Oxidation.

A novel vertical 3D RRAM structure with greatly improved reliability behavior is proposed and experimentally demonstrated through basically compatible process featuring self-localized switching region by sidewall electrode oxidation. Compared with the conventional structure, due to the effective confinement of the switching region, the newly-proposed structure shows about two orders higher endurance (>10(8) without verification operation) and better retention (>180h@150 °C), as well as high uniformity. Corresponding model is put forward, on the base of which thorough theoretical analysis and calculations are conducted as well, demonstrating that, resulting from the physically-isolated switching from neighboring cells, the proposed structure exhibits dramatically improved reliability due to effective suppression of thermal effects and oxygen vacancies diffusion interference, indicating that this novel structure is very promising for future high density 3D RRAM application.

Solventless High Throughput Manufacturing of Poly(butylene terephthalate) Nanofibers.

Nanofibers possess high surface area to volume ratios and are particularly attractive for a variety of applications including tissue regeneration, drug delivery, fiber-reinforced composites, filtration, and protective clothing. Though the production of nanofibers from common thermoplastic polymers is relatively well-demonstrated, processing constraints have limited high throughput manufacturing of nanofibers from high performance polymers. This has in turn limited broad technological exploitation of polymer nanofibers in areas such as hot chemical filtration or high-performance lightweight composites for aerospace and defense applications. We report here that nanofibers can be produced in a solventless high throughput process from polymers such as poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) using a newly developed technology termed "Forcespinning" that employs centrifugal force to attenuate fibers. Our investigations also show that these nanofibers have a high crystallinity and enhanced molecular orientation which is important for realizing desirable physical and chemical properties of many high-performance polymer fibers.

5,6,3',4'-Tetrahydroxy-7-methoxyflavone as a novel potential proteasome inhibitor.

Proteasome inhibition is one of the new pharmaceutical approaches to study antitumor activity. Although the active components are not yet identified for either treating or preventing cancer, the low toxicity plant Anisomeles ovata R. Br. has been used in traditional herbal medicine for more than 1000 years. In this study, the methanol extract from Anisomeles ovata showed potent inhibition of proteasome activity. Twenty compounds, two macrocycylic diterpenoids, six aromatics, seven flavonoids, and five phenylethanoids were isolated from Fang Feng Cao the dried aerial parts of A. ovata. Their structures have been established on the basis of spectral evidence. Using a proteolysis assay for inhibition of 26S proteasome from pig red blood cells, we found that 5,6,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-7-methoxyflavone inhibited 90.5 %, 85.4 % and 73.1 % the chymotrypsin-like, caspase-like and trypsin-like activities of 26S proteasome with IC (50) values of 14.0, 5.4 and 24.1 microM, respectively, when Suc-LLVY-AMC, Z-LLE-AMC and Ac-RLR-AMC were used as substrates. 5,6,3',4'-Tetrahydroxy-7-methoxyflavone had a higher inhibitory at 15 minutes. A combination of 5,6,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-7-methoxyflavone and 5,6,4'-trihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavone increased the inhibition ability on 26S enzymatic activity. This combination appears to be a potentially attractive chemotherapy approach. We have found that 5,6,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-7-methoxyflavone has the highest inhibitory effects on 26S proteasome activities when compared to the other 11 flavonoids. These results suggest that both the 6-hydroxy and 7-methoxy positions of the flavone may play an important role in targeting 26S proteasome activity.