Long-term effect of sleeve gastrectomy surgery on Hormonal Profile, Semen Parameters and sexual functions of obese infertile men; a prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: The effect of bariatric surgery on impaired semen parameters, hormonal profile and sexual function remains controversial to some extent. THE CONTEXT AND PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To look at the long-term effects of sleeve gastrectomy on hormonal profiles, sperm parameters, and sexual function in infertile men with severe obesity. This prospective study included fifty-four obese patients with primary or secondary infertility who were scheduled for sleeve gastrectomy between February 2018 and March 2021. All participants were given a sperm analysis and a serum hormone profile before, 12, and 18 months after surgery. We used the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire to assess sexual function. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy and improvement in lipid profile (p < 0.05). No significant detectable effect of post-gastrectomy weight loss on patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or obstructive sleep apnea. As regards the hormonal profile, sex hormone binding globulin, total and free testosterone improved significantly after 12- and 18-months following sleeve gastrectomy. There was a significant increase in sperm count and total sperm number during the follow-up after sleeve gastrectomy (p < 0.05), however, there were no significant changes in other semen parameters. Concerning sexual function, sexual desire, erectile function, and satisfaction improved significantly at 12 and 18 months after surgery. CONCLUSION: Weight loss through sleeve gastrectomy surgery significantly improves testosterone deficiency, sexual performance, and Sperm count in obese infertile men.

RéSUMé: CONTEXTE: L'effet de la chirurgie bariatrique sur l'altération des paramètres du sperme, du profil hormonal et de la fonction sexuelle, reste controversé dans une certaine mesure. Le contexte et le but de l'étude : examiner les effets à long terme de la gastrectomie longitudinale sur les profils hormonaux, les paramètres du sperme et la fonction sexuelle chez les hommes infertiles souffrant d'obésité sévère. Cette étude prospective comprenait 54 patients obèses, atteints d'infertilité primaire ou secondaire, qui devaient subir une gastrectomie longitudinale entre février 2018 et mars 2021. Tous les participants ont eu une analyse de sperme et un profil hormonal sérique avant, puis 12 et 18 mois après la chirurgie. La fonction sexuelle a été évaluée au moyen du questionnaire de l'indice international de la fonction érectile. RéSULTATS: Une corrélation significative était présente entre la perte de poids après la gastrectomie longitudinale et l'amélioration du profil lipidique (p < 0,05). Aucun effet significatif détectable de la perte de poids post-gastrectomie n'a été retrouvé chez les patients atteints de diabète, d'hypertension ou d'apnée obstructive du sommeil. En ce qui concerne le profil hormonal, la globuline liant les hormones sexuelles, la testostérone totale et la testostérone libre se sont significativement améliorées à 12 et 18 mois après la gastrectomie longitudinale. Il y eut une augmentation significative de la numération de spermatozoïdes et du nombre total de spermatozoïdes au cours du suivi après la gastrectomie longitudinale (p < 0,05) ; sans, toutefois, de changements significatifs pour les autres paramètres du sperme. En ce qui a concerné la fonction sexuelle, le désir sexuel, la fonction érectile et la satisfaction se sont considérablement améliorés 12 et 18 mois après la chirurgie. CONCLUSION: La perte de poids due à la chirurgie par gastrectomie longitudinale améliore significativement le taux de testostérone, la performance sexuelle et le nombre de spermatozoïdes chez les hommes infertiles obèses.

A comparative kinetic study on ultra-deep hydrodesulfurization of pre-treated gas oil over nanosized MoS2, CoMo-sulfide, and commercial CoMo/Al2O3 catalysts.

Unsupported nanosized MoS(2) and CoMo-sulfide catalysts were synthesized, and their catalytic performances for the deep hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of treated gas oil were investigated as compared with that of a CoMo/Al(2)O(3) catalyst. The HDS reactions were carried out in a batch autoclave reactor at 340 °C and 3 MPa H(2). The CoMo-sulfide catalyst shows the highest activity and can reduce the sulfur content to less than 10 ppm. The decrease in total sulfur content as a function of reaction time was found to follow pseudo-second order kinetics (empirical form). The change in the concentration of some individual representative sulfur-containing species in gas oil as a function of time was found to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics. However, the change in combined concentration of these species in the gas oil during HDS with the reaction time was found to corroborate pseudo-second-order kinetics. A kinetic model approach was proposed from which an estimation of the intrinsic kinetic data can be achieved. The model fitted the obtained data reasonably well, suggesting its potential for better assessment of the catalytic activity in the HDS of real feedstock. The study reveals that ranking of catalyst activities using model refractory sulfur-containing compounds does not necessarily imply a typical rank in case of investigating the real feedstocks.

Hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene over NiMo and CoMo sulfide catalysts: kinetic modeling approach for estimating selectivity.

The hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) over two synthesized unsupported CoMo (CMS) and NiMo (NMS) sulfide catalysts was investigated in a batch reactor. The HDS reactions proceeded through two parallel-consecutive reaction pathways: direct desulfurization (DDS) and hydrogenation (HYD), in which two main intermediates-biphenyl or 3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl and partially hydrogenated DBT or 4,6-DMDBT-were involved. Kinetic models were developed to account for the partial contributions of these intermediates in the overall reaction network as well as for their selectivities. The models allow a precise estimation of the apparent rate constants of all steps in the reaction network. In the HDS reactions of 4,6-DMDBT, the HYD pathway was more pronounced than the DDS route over the NMS catalyst. Different selectivities in terms of yield fraction (percentage ratio of HYD/DDS) were observed for these two catalysts. The kinetic results according to these models show that the partially hydrogenated 4,6-DMDBT intermediate transformed mainly to 3,3'-dimethylcyclohexylbenzene. Besides, this intermediate is suggested to be partly transformed to 3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl. The rate of sulfur removal from the partially hydrogenated 4,6-DMDBT intermediates was an order of magnitude slower than that from the partially hydrogenated DBT. The NiMo sulfide catalyst was more active than the CoMo sulfide catalyst for the HDS of 4,6-DMDBT. The results are discussed in the context of proposed HDS reaction networks.

Textural characterizations and catalytic properties of quasispherical nanosized molybdenum disulfide.

Synthesis of sphere nanostructured MoS(2) is reported. Characterization of the synthesized MoS(2) was investigated by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the obtained MoS(2) is composed of layers that bend to form mostly spheres, with an average diameter of approximately 180 nm. The growth in crystallinity is mainly due to the increased number of the round-stacked layers of MoS(2). The catalytic activity and selectivity of the synthesized nanostructured MoS(2) for the dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization were investigated. The closed-circle MoS(2) layers exhibited a high selectivity for the direct sulfur removal.

Selective adsorption of refractory sulfur species on active carbons and carbon based CoMo catalyst.

Adsorption technique could be a reliable alternative in removing to a certain remarkable extent the sulfur species from the feedstock of petroleum oil. The performance of various carbons on adsorption of model sulfur compounds in a simulated feed solution and the sulfur containing compounds in the real gas oil was evaluated. The adsorption experiments have been carried out in a batch scale at ambient temperature and under the atmospheric pressure. In general, the most refractory sulfur compounds in the hydrotreatment reactions were selectively removed and adsorbed. It was found that the adsorbents affinities to dibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene were much more favored and pronounced than the aromatic matrices like fluorene, 1-methylnaphthalene and 9-methylanthracene. Among the sulfur species, 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene was the highest to be removed in terms of both selectivity and capacity over all the present adsorbents. The studied adsorbents showed significant capacities for the polyaromatic thiophenes. The electronic characteristics seem to play a certain role in such behavior. Regeneration of the used adsorbent was successfully attained either by washing it with toluene or by the release of the adsorbates through heat treatment. A suggested adsorptive removal process of sulfur compounds from petroleum distillate over carbon supported CoMo catalyst was discussed.

Approach to the prediction of some surface characteristics of carbon-supported CoMo- catalysts from the adsorption/desorption technique.

Carbon-supported CoMo- catalyst samples have been prepared through the impregnation (in solution) method using two different Co/Mo loads of 2/10 and 4/20 wt%. The catalytic activities of these catalysts for hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene at 2.9 MPa H(2) and 340 degrees C have been investigated and measured in a sampler microautoclave reactor. Adsorption of dibenzothiophene from decane solution over both carbon and catalysts was studied. The consecutive desorption of adsorbates was followed by the thermal gravimetric technique. Pore volumes and surface areas of carbon and catalysts based on dibenzothiophene desorption data have been estimated. Catalysts exhibit almost the same hydrodesulfurization activity. CoMo catalyst of 4/20 wt% load is speculated to have a tendency to form clusters larger than 2/10 catalyst ratio. Models for catalyst dispersion and agglomeration are suggested.