Characterization of gut microbiome composition in Iranian patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is intimately associated with development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Nevertheless, the gut microbial community during the course of NAFLD and NASH is yet to be comprehensively profiled. This study evaluated alterations in fecal microbiota composition in Iranian patients with NAFLD and NASH compared with healthy individuals. This cross-sectional study enrolled 15 NAFLD, 15 NASH patients, and 20 healthy controls, and their clinical parameters were examined. The taxonomic composition of the fecal microbiota was determined by sequencing the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA genes of stool samples. Compared to the healthy controls, NAFLD and NASH patients presented reduced bacterial diversity and richness. We noticed a reduction in the relative abundance of Bacteroidota and a promotion in the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in NAFLD and NASH patients. L-histidine degradation I pathway, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthesis I pathway, and superpathway of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate biosynthesis and salvage were more abundant in NAFLD patients than in healthy individuals. This study examined fecal microbiota dysbiosis in NAFLD and NASH patients and presented consistent results to European countries. These condition- and ethnicity-specific data could provide different diagnostic signatures and therapeutic targets.

Obesity, a challenge in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases.

Obesity, a morbid condition snowballing in the world, may cause many health issues in healthy and ill people. Many disorders are known to be influenced by obesity, mainly in a catastrophic way, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Many studies sought to determine the effects that obesity prompts IBD. Some of them indicate that obesity is associated with poor outcomes. There is no consistency regarding the correlation between obesity and IBDs due to the equivocal nature of obesity and the shortage of extensive and reliable investigations. However, to a worldwide consensus, obesity has a unique disease burden and can cause poor prognosis when it accompanies other ailments. Here, we have reviewed some of the alterations and impacts that obesity may impose on the pathogenesis and clinical management of IBD. Conclusively, inflammatory processes of IBD are reinforced by obesity. Furthermore, as a two-way road, obesity can be caused by IBD. However, autoimmunity in IBD is not found to have a consistent relationship with obesity. Although, medical and surgical treatments of IBD are affected by obesity in terms of their efficacy and outcomes. The most important aspect of obesity that can influence the course of disease management is associated with significant disabilities that obesity may cause rather than a metabolic or molecular rationale.