Risk factors for laryngeal lesions in adult acute respiratory distress syndrome: A STROBE-compliant French case-control study.

INTRODUCTION: The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to an increased incidence of post-intubation laryngeal injuries in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The primary objective of this study was to identify risk factors for symptomatic laryngeal lesions in patients with Covid-19-related ARDS. The secondary objective was to analyze the progression of these laryngeal lesions. METHODS: A 21 month nested case-control study was conducted in 3 university hospital centers of the Hospices Civils de Lyon (France). Cases encompassed all patients intubated for Covid-19-related ARDS who presented symptomatic laryngeal pathology. The control group consisted of all patients enrolled during the same period for Covid-19-related ARDS without evidence of laryngeal lesions (no specific ENT intervention). Uni- and multi-variate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for the occurrence of laryngeal lesions. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients were included in the case group and 50 in the control group. The only significant risk factor for symptomatic laryngeal injury was the number of reintubations, with an odds ratio of 5.08 (95% CI, 1.40-22.12; P=0.013). No other predictive factors were identified among the variables analyzed: obesity, number of prone sessions, self-extubation, duration of intubation and number of days of curarization. CONCLUSION: The number of reintubations was the sole independent risk factor associated with the development of symptomatic laryngeal lesions in patients managed for Covid-19-related ARDS.

Perception of environmental issues in the head-and-neck surgery room: A preliminary study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the perception of environmental issues in head-and-neck surgery rooms and to compare the perception of priority environmental issues according to health professionals' age-group, initial training and role in the operating room. METHODS: A multicenter descriptive observational study was conducted in January 2023, contacting health professionals working in the operating rooms of 5 French centers. An anonymous online questionnaire explored the perception of environmental issues according to age, initial training and role in the operating room. RESULTS: Sixty-nine percent of the 387 persons contacted (267/387) completed the entire questionnaire. Ninety-six percent of respondents (256/267) said that they felt concerned about climate change issues and 85% (226/267) felt well-informed. Ninety-three percent (251/267) were willing to make environmental efforts in the operating room. Priorities were to improve waste recycling and reduce the amount of waste for 95% (251/267) and 97% (259/267) of respondents respectively. Those under 40 years of age tended to feel better informed about climate issues (76% [75/99] versus 60% [100/168]; P=0.010). CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the vast majority of health professionals working in head-and-neck surgery rooms in France felt concerned about climate issues and were ready to make an effort. Nevertheless, it seems important to carry out information campaigns dedicated to these environmental issues.

Perception of endoscopic endonasal surgery training by French otolaryngology residents: A STROBE analysis of expectations.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the perception of endoscopic endonasal surgery training by French otolaryngology residents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A multicenter retrospective observational study was conducted from March to April 2023. Otolaryngology residents from 7 French regions filled out a 27-item questionnaire on their training in endoscopic endonasal surgery. RESULTS: Out of 283 residents contacted, 126 (45%) filled out the questionnaire. Seventy-four (59%) had already partially or completely performed the surgeries specified in their diploma course. The level of mastery of the main steps of endonasal surgery and the level of autonomy were higher in the consolidation stage group than in the basic and advanced stages. Seventy residents (56%) felt they had gaps in their level of training. To improve training, 94 (75%) wished for more dissection sessions, surgical skills assessments each semester and simulation sessions. Eighty-nine (71%) felt they needed to find their own teaching aids and other methods to complete their training. One hundred and thirteen (90%) felt that the lack of funding available for congresses and training courses was detrimental. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the overall satisfaction of residents with their training in endoscopic endonasal surgery. They expressed a desire for more dissection, simulation and evaluation.

Surgical and instrumental options for chronic rhinitis: A systematic review and PRISMA meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus on the role of surgery in the treatment of chronic rhinitis (CR). Should it be considered when nasal symptoms are not controlled by medical treatment? Various targets (turbinates and secretory nerves) and techniques (surgical, laser, cryotherapy, radiofrequency and phototherapy) have been reported, but benefit varies between reports. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate results of surgical and instrumental procedures in CR care. METHODS: Two systematic reviews of the US National Library of Medicine, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase databases were conducted in October 15, 2021 (registration numbers CRD42021284257 and CRD42021295227). A database watch was performed until submission of the manuscript. The review focuses on total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and quality of life (QoL) after treatment. All controlled studies reporting nasal surgery/instrumental procedures in adult patients with CR were included. RESULTS: The database search yielded a total of 5628 articles; after eligibility screening, 2091 patients were included from 21 studies. QoL results favored surgery/instrumental procedures over medical treatment (SMD -1.27; 95% CI [-2.38; -0.16]; I2=97%), as did TNSS (SMD -1.40; 95% CI [-2.30; -0.50]; I2=98%). The small number of studies and their heterogeneity did not allow meta-regression to be performed. CONCLUSION: This systematic review supports the use of surgical/instrumental procedures to improve nasal symptom score and QoL of adult patients with CR poorly controlled by medical treatment.

Inferior turbinate lateralization.

Inferior turbinate lateralization via an endonasal approach is a reliable low-risk procedure to correct inferior turbinate hypertrophy resistant to medical treatment. This well-established technique provides nasal comfort while conserving the mucosal membrane and physiology of the inferior turbinate, minimizing the postoperative complications (empty nose syndrome) besetting turbinoplasty involving mucosal or submucosal reduction.

A malignant peripheral nerve-sheath tumor: A CARE case report.

INTRODUCTION: Malignant peripheral nerve-sheath tumor (MPNST) is an extremely rare sarcoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Non-specific clinical and radiological presentation and challenging histological diagnosis make it little known by physicians. We describe a case of maxillary sinus MPNST, following CARE guidelines. CASE REPORT: A 62-year-old woman consulted for swelling of the right cheek and hard palate with several months' progression. CT and MRI revealed a tissue mass in the right maxillary sinus with osteolysis of the orbital and maxillary floors, hard palate and lateral and medial walls of the maxillary sinus. Biopsy confirmed diagnosis of low-grade MPNST. After total resection and 60Gy adjuvant radiotherapy, 2-year follow-up showed no signs of recurrence. CONCLUSION: MPNST in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is very rare. Because of a high risk of recurrence, wide resection should be implemented, possibly completed by radiotherapy if resection cannot be complete because of proximity to at-risk structures.

Transcaruncular anterior ethmoidal artery ligation.

Recurrence of epistaxis after ligation or embolization of the sphenopalatine artery may require ligation of the ipsilateral anterior ethmoidal artery, which cannot be embolized because of the risk to the ophthalmic artery. We describe a transconjunctival transcaruncular approach that allows reliable low-risk access to the anterior ethmoidal artery. This technique offers a minimally invasive approach to the surgical site, without unsightly scar.

Deterioration experienced by French otolaryngology residents in their training during the COVID-19 pandemic: A STROBE analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the first three waves of COVID-19 on the academic and surgical training of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery residents in France. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, retrospective study. A 55-item survey of academic education and surgical training was sent to ENT residents in five major French regions (Île-de-France, Rhône-Alpes Auvergne, Occitanie, Grand Est, Grand Ouest) from August to October 2021. RESULTS: Eighty-nine out of 135 residents (66%) responded. Two-thirds considered that surgical training was more affected than academic education, with reductions evaluated of 50-75%, 25-50% and 0-25% for the first three waves, respectively. Residents in Île-de-France, Rhône-Alpes Auvergne and Grand Est were the most affected by the first wave (75-100% reduction in surgical activity, in parallel to increased admissions). Otology, rhinology and functional exploration were the most affected, whereas pediatrics and oncology were spared. Seventy-one of the 89 residents (79.7%) felt that the first wave impacted their career, while this proportion decreased to 39.3% and 44.9% for the second and third waves, respectively. CONCLUSION: The first wave of COVID-19, compared to the following two waves, severely impacted the surgical training of French ENT residents, especially in regions severely impacted by the pandemic, while academic education was relatively safeguarded by the implementation of e-learning alternatives.

Acute smell and taste loss in outpatients: all infected with SARS-CoV-2?

During SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, our region (Alsace, East of France) became a Covid-19 cluster quite early in Europe. Loss of smell and taste was quickly flagged by the Ears-Nose and Throat scientific community as a potential warning signs of SARS-CoV-2 infection (1). Many patients and medical/paramedical workers with mild to moderate form of SARS-CoV-2 infection complained about their loss of sense of smell and taste to our ENT department. The aim of our study was to compare the characteristics of loss of smell and taste between patients with a clinical diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection to patients with a RT-PCR diagnosis.

Iatrogenic meningoencephalocele after traumatic perforation of the cribriform plate during nasal intubation of a preterm infant.

Traumatic iatrogenic meningoencephaloceles infants are rare and there is no consensus on management in the literature. This article presents a case of a meningoencephalocele diagnosed 15 months after a traumatic perforation of the cribriform plate due to a difficult intubation of a preterm infant that was treated by an endoscopic endonasal surgery. A close collaboration between pediatricians and ENT surgeons appears essential for early diagnosis and management. Endoscopic endonasal approach for meningoencephalocele management has several advantages and is a safe procedure when performed by an experienced surgeon.

The Grisel's syndrome: A non-traumatic subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint.

INTRODUCTION: Grisel's syndrome consists in rotational subluxation of C1-C2 following ENT infection or surgery. There is no consensus on management. We present 2 cases requiring surgical treatment in our center. CASE REPORTS: Two 10-year-old patients presented torticollis with cervical pain resistant to medical treatment, with onset a few months after tonsillectomy. In both cases, radiological assessment, comprising CT scan and MRI, showed Fielding-Hawkins type-3 C1-C2 rotational subluxation, without ligament lesion. After failure of conservative treatment, posterior reaming, realignment, C1-C2 arthrodesis using lateral masses and pars interarticularis screws and bone graft achieved good fusion and immediate spinal stability in all planes of the atlantoaxial complex. DISCUSSION: Grisel's syndrome consists in non-traumatic subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint with intact atlantoaxial ligaments. Initial pharyngeal inflammation spreads to the prevertebral fascia via direct connections between the periodontoidal venous plexus and pharyngovertebral veins, inducing fasciitis that leads to abnormal relaxation of the atlantoaxial ligaments and reactional muscle contraction with ankylosis. This phenomenon, appearing gradually and insidiously over a period of a few weeks, creates a frozen joint with ankylosis. Medical treatment with NSAIDs, muscle relaxants, and immobilization is usually sufficient; cervical traction may be needed. Surgical treatment by C1-C2 arthrodesis is indicated in case of failure of medical management or onset of neurologic signs. CONCLUSION: Close collaboration between pediatricians, ENT surgeons and neurosurgeons is essential for early diagnosis and management, which is the main prognostic factor for successful medical treatment, avoiding surgery.

Hypopharyngeal reconstruction using a circular stapler.

Distal anastomosis by tubed free flap is one of the main technical difficulties encountered during hypopharyngeal reconstruction. Although high flap survival probability can be achieved by experienced surgical teams, two complications are commonly observed at the flap-oesophagus junction: fistula and stenosis. Use of a circular stapler reduced the frequency of these complications by ensuring a perfectly circular and resistant suture line. Salivary stent placement is therefore unnecessary, allowing earlier resumption of feeding. The stapling procedure is simple, but a few technical skills are required, as the stapler is not specifically designed for this purpose. We describe the indications, surgical procedure and global results based on our series. We consider the forearm flap to be the gold standard for this reconstruction, but thicker flaps, such as pectoralis major flap, can also be used, but with poorer results in terms of healing and swallowing performance.