RESUMO
The trail aimed to explore the effect of dietary supplementation of curcumin loaded olive oil nanoemulsion (CUR-OLNE) on growth performance, feed utilization, blood biochemical, redox status, and immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp, considering the economic efficiency of supplementation. A total of 280 healthy shrimps (3.42 ± 0.02 g) were randomly distributed into five equal groups and were fed diets containing 0 (CUR-OLNE0), 5(CUR-OLNE5), 10(CUR-OLNE10), 15(CUR-OLNE15) and 20 (CUR-OLNE20) mg CUR-OLNE/kg diet, respectively for 16 weeks. Among CUR-OLNE treated groups, CUR-OLNE20 showed the highest growth performance and feed utilization traits, including final body weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio. Notably, the photomicrographs provided further compelling evidence regarding the potential effect of CUR-OLNE supplementation on muscle structure and integrity. Compared to the control, the levels of blood protein significantly induced in CUR-OLNE15 and CUR-OLNE20 treated groups (p < 0.05). All CUR-OLNE -supplemented groups possessed lower activities of liver enzymes as well as the levels of urea and creatinine compared to the control (p < 0.05). The addition of 20 mg CUR-OLNE/kg diet decreased the concentrations of cortisol, glucose and triglycerides. The dietary treatment significantly improved the secretion of digestive enzymes, including amylase, lipase, and protease. The lowest levels of Malondialdehyde and the highest levels of total antioxidant capacity, super oxide dismutase, catalase, lysozyme and immunoglobulin M were detected in both of CUR-OLNE15, and CUR-OLNE20 treated groups compared to the control (p < 0.05). There were considerable significant effects of dietary supplementation of CUR-OLNE on economic efficiency. In conclusion, the application of nanocarriers for the delivery of dietary immune stimulants such as CUR-OLNE to Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp is a promising strategy for improving shrimp nutrition. The addition of 20 mg CUR-OLNE/kg to the diets of can be recommended as an affective intervention to improve growth performance, feed utilization, and health status of shrimp. Implementing this intervention can maximize the economic efficiency of shrimp farming while promoting sustainable practices in the industry.
RESUMO
A 14-week feeding study was conducted to assess the effects of feed supplementation with prebiotics ß-glucan (BG group) and/or probiotics Bacillus coagulans (BC group) on O. niloticus growth performance, body analysis, intestinal structure, immunological response, and antioxidant status. The fish were equally divided into six groups, as follows: the fish group fed an un-supplemented diet served as a control group; the other fish groups were fed supplemented diets with 0.1 g ß-glucan kg-1; 1 g Bacillus coagulans kg-1; 2 g B. coagulans kg-1; 0.1 g ß-glucan combined with 1 g B. coagulans kg-1; 0.1 g ß-glucan combined with 2 g B. coagulans kg-1. The findings revealed that supplementing B. coagulans and the ß-glucan mixture improved growth performance and feed efficiency parameters (RGR and SGR) more than the other groups. The fish flesh analysis revealed increased crude protein and dry matter content and lower lipid and ash levels in the BG and BC supplemented groups than in the Control group. On the other hand, ß-glucan and B. coagulans supplementation significantly boosted antioxidant activity and immunological responses in serum as determined by CAT, MDA, lysozyme, and phagocytic activity. Dietary ß-glucan and B. coagulans supplementation remarkedly enhanced anterior intestine villus histomorphometry characteristics. Furthermore, B. coagulans, alone or in combination with ß-glucan, could reduce HSP70 and IL-1ß gene expression while increasing IL-8 and GH gene expression. According to the findings, B. coagulans and/or BG increased growth performance by increasing gut health and morphology. Furthermore, ß-glucan and B. coagulans supplementation enhanced Tilapia's body composition, immunological responses, and antioxidant status.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Fish farming is one of the most productive economies in the world. One of the essential goals in fish production is to minimize processing costs while maintaining and increasing the vital functions, weight and immunity of fish. OBJECTIVE: We conducted this study to explore nanoselenium (Nano-Se) particles in various feeding schemes. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Nano-Se particles incorporated in the basal diet at (0.5 mg/kg diet), and the fish was divided into six groups after adaptation as the follows: The first group was feed daily with a diet containing Nano-Se (0.5 mg/kg diet); the second group was exposed to a feeding programme in which it has day feeding followed by day of starvation with a diet containing Nano-Se (0.5 mg/kg diet); the third group was day feeding followed by 2 days of starvation; the fourth group served as a negative control group in which this group was continuous feeding with a basal diet without Nano-Se; the fifth group was day feeding with the basal diet followed by a day of starvation; and the sixth group was day feeding with basal diet followed by 2 days of starvation. RESULT: Our result revealed that Group 2 showed significant improvement in haematological parameters, red blood cells and haemoglobin with a substantial increase in total protein (p < 0.05) as well as lysosomal and phagocytic activity with considerable upregulation of growth hormone and insulin growth factor 1 in addition to markedly increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, this study offers the first-time dietary regime with Nano-Se supplementation that saves the feeding cost and increases fish welfare and growth.
Assuntos
Ciclídeos , Selênio , Ração Animal/análise , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ciclídeos/metabolismo , Suplementos Nutricionais/análise , Lagoas , Selênio/metabolismo , Selênio/farmacologiaRESUMO
The current study investigated the role of selenium (Se) nanoparticles on the growth performance, hemato-biochemical indices, antioxidative, and immune-related genes of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Therefore, fish with initial weight of 20.53 ± 0.10 g/fish were fed diets with 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg Se nanoparticles/kg diet for 90 days. The final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate of fish fed dietary nano-Se varying levels were significantly higher than the control with the highest performances and lowest FCR in the group of fish fed nano-Se at 0.5 mg/kg. The values of Hb, PCV, RBCs, and WBCs were significantly higher in fish fed varying levels of Se nanoparticles than fish fed the basal diets. The values of total serum protein and globulin were significantly higher in fish fed varying levels of Se nanoparticles than fish fed the basal diets. Additionally, globulin had higher value in the group of fish fed 0.25 and 0.5 mg nano-Se/kg than fish fed 1 mg nano-Se/kg (P < 0.05). No significant alterations were observed on albumin, ALT, and AST variables (P > 0.05). Phagocytic index, phagocytic, lysozyme activities were significantly higher in fish fed varying levels of Se nanoparticles than fish fed the basal diets in a dose dependent manner (P < 0.05). Further, SOD activity had higher value in the group of fish fed 0.25 and 0.5 mg nano-Se/kg than fish fed 1 mg nano-Se/kg, whereas CAT was increased in the group of fish fed dietary 0.5 mg nano-Se/kg diet (P < 0.05). The level of MDA was significantly lowered by dietary nano-Se where the group of fish fed 0.25 mg/kg had the lowest level followed by those fed 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. The expression of GH, IGF-1, IL-8, and IL-1ß genes had the highest mRNA levels in the group of fish fed 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg followed by those fed 1 mg/kg, whereas HSP70 was downregulated. Based on the overall results, Se nanoparticles are recommended at the rate of 0.5-1 mg/kg diet to maintain the optimal growth performance, hemato-biochemical indices, antioxidative status, and immune-related genes in European seabass.