Effects of nanodispersed iron on the morphofunctional parameters of the blood system.

The effects of nanodispersed iron forms on the morphology and function of the blood system were studied. Maghemite and lepidocrocite caused a leukocytic shift towards segmented neutrophil forms, reduction of lymphocyte rigidity, and stimulated their compactization. In addition, the counts of small hyperchromatic erythrocytes with high rigidity increased in the blood flow. The results indicated that a single dose of nanodispersed iron-containing drugs improved the blood respiratory function and its microrheology.

[The reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton of nuclear erythrocytes and leukocytes in fish, frogs and birds during cell migration].

Changes in the spatial organization of actin filaments of nuclear erythrocytes and leukocytes during their migration in fish, frogs and birds have been studied by the method of confocal laser scanning microscopy. It has been shown that, during movement of cells, the reorganization of cytoskeleton microfilaments in erythrocytes is similar to that in leukocytes. During migration, red blood cells of amphibious and birds form pseudopodia filled with bunches in parallel laid actin filaments. Erythrocytes in fish do not form pseudopodia. Similar to leukocytes change in the structure of the actin cytoskeleton in nuclear erythrocytes determines the ability of red blood cells to reactions of migration and phagocytosis.

[Comparative evaluation of morphofunctional organization of vertebrate nuclear blood cells].

Morphometrical parameters, osmoregulatory possibilities, and the membrane reserve value of nuclear hemocytes (leukocytes and erythrocytes) were studied in the main classes of vertebrates by using method of hypoosmotic loads. It has been established that in the fish--mammals line in erythrocytes the absolute reserve of the plasmalemma decreases and the relative area of the cell surface increases. Evolution of leukocytes is accompanied by an increase of the membrane reserve and of the surface area due to a decrease of volume and to a rise of folding of the plasmalemma.

The use of nanomechanic sensor for studies of morphofunctional properties of lymphocytes from healthy donors and patients with chronic lymphoblastic leukemia.

Tapping mode-atomic force microscopy and force spectroscopy were used for studies of the topography of the cell surface and elastic properties of lymphocytes from healthy donors and patients with chronic lymphoblastic leukemia. It was demonstrated that the decrease in lymphocytes stiffness in patients with chronic lymphoblastic leukemia by 51.4% (p<0.05) was accompanied by spatial modification of the cell surface, in particular, increase in the number of globular protrusions and depressions by 247 and 122%, respectively (p<0.05), in comparison with normal lymphocytes.

[Comparative estimation of morphofunction characteristics alive and fixed erythrocytes].

The method of power spectroscopy carries out the quantitative analysis of elastic properties of alive cells. It has been established that the highest indicators of elasticity nuclear (amphibious) and denuclearized (mammals) alive erythrocytes are registered in epi- and perinuclear space. When fixing with methanol and drying of cells the greatest values of the elastic modulus are displaced to the periphery of the cells. The revealed inversion of elasticity properties of erythrocytes must be considered when assessing the morphofunction characteristics of the fixed cells.

Nanotechnological approach to evaluation of mechanical properties of cell surfaces during stimulation and blockade of adrenoceptors.

We used a new nanotechnological approach for evaluation of functional activity of adrenoceptors during treatment of cell surfaces with various drugs. Local elasticity maps by nanoindentation points were constructed, which show the targets for drugs on transporter cells under natural conditions. The applied approach allowed identification of structural transformations in the membrane leading to changes in its elasticity, which can be used in cell physiology studies for controlling the processes of cell signaling.

Evaluation of morphometric parameters of native blood cells by atomic force microscopy.

We propose and tested a method for studies of native blood cells by atomic-force microscopy in a humid chamber preserving viability, size, and shape of biological objects. The method has some advantages over scanning in a liquid cell: it allows studying non-fixed blood samples in the form of suspension of live cells and excludes mechanical and chemical influences on the cells.

Relationship between osteoinductive characteristics of biocomposite material and physicochemical characteristics of coating.

The osteoinductive characteristics of hydroxylapatite-based coating with different physicochemical characteristics were studied. The formation of the bone tissue on the studied types of the implant coating differed by the pattern and rate of formation of structural elements of the bone. Clear-cut phase-wise osteogenesis was seen on combined calcium phosphate coating: intense formation of the fibrous interstitial substance (due to cellular structure of hydroxylapatite) and slow maturing of cell elements. Bilayer composite coating provided (during the same period) the formation of more mature connective tissue. This phenomenon can be explained by better bioavailability of the coating material. The properties of combined calcium phosphate coating can be evaluated as mainly osteoconductive, while those of bilayer composite coating as osteoinductive.

[Use of atomic force microscopy for estimation of the morphometric indices of blood cells].

The possibility of using the atomic-force microscopy for the evaluation of the geometrical characteristics of blood cells has been shown. It has been found by comparing the hemocyte morphometric indices obtained at different modes of scanning that noncontact and semicontact methods are adequate for the estimation of the size and geometry of biological objects. The scanning of cells in the semicontact mode leads to the irreversible deformation of samples.

[Comparative study of the "membrane reserve" of blood cells of reptiles and mammals].

Based on the method of hypoosmotic loads, the value of membrane reserve and its use by blood cells of reptiles and mammals have been studied. It has been shown that lymphocytes of the both animal species have the highest reserve of plasmalemma, while frog heterophils - the lowest one. A significantly lower part of the membrane reserve participates in formation of phagosomes by mammalian neutrophils as compared with amphibian erythrocytes.

[Spontaneous migration of blood neutrophils in mixed leukocyte population and its changes under the effect of auto-plasma substances in various functional states]. / Spontannaia migratsiia neitrofilov krovi v smeshannoi populiatsii leikotsitov i ee izmeneniia pod vliianiem veshchest autoplasmy pri razlichnykh funktsional'nykh sostoianiiakh organizma.

Modified method for studies of leukocyte migration under agarose allows evaluating the spontaneous locomotion activity of cells and its changes under the effects of humoral factors accumulating in the blood in various pathological and extreme states. Trials of the method confirmed the possibility of its use for evaluation of locomotion changes depending on cell functions and mediated by plasma factors in various conditions.

Halo formation as a characteristic of leukocyte functional activity.

Halo formation and phagocytic activity of leukocytes at different extreme states are regulated at the cellular level. Direct relationship between functional activity and halo formation is observed only during sublethal states in inflammatory diseases.

[Functional activity and mechanical properties of blood leukocytes during heating in rats]. / Funktsional'naia aktivnost' i mekhanicheskie svoistva leikotsitov krovi krys pri vneshnei teplovoi nagruzke.

Different phasic changes induced by exogenous hyperthermia in leukocytes correlated with the latter adhesion and resistance properties as well as osmotic factors. The changes seem to be related to unspecific reactions. Phagocytes' and migratory activity increased along with the time of heating exposure. Activation of protective reactions seems to be caused by humoral factors the amount of which increases in the blood along with the heating temperature.

[Comprehensive study of the geometry, surface area, membrane reserve potential, and osmoregulation of blood leukocytes]. / Metod kompleksnogo issledovaniia geometrii, ploshchadi poverkhnosti, reservnykh vozmozhnostei membrany i osmoreguliatsii leikotsitov krovi.

Comprehensive method for examining the morphology and function of leukocytes is based on the comparison of the size and count of cells before and after incubation of different duration in media with low osmolarity. The method helps assess the leukocyte geometry, the reserve potential of the cytoplasmatic and nuclear membranes, the regulatory features and osmotic stability of cells.