Perspectives of VA healthcare from rural women veterans not enrolled in or using VA healthcare.

PURPOSE: Women Veterans have unique healthcare needs and often experience comorbid health conditions. Despite this, many women Veterans are not enrolled in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and do not use VHA services. Underutilization of VHA services may be particularly prevalent among rural women Veterans, who may experience unique barriers to using VHA care. Nonetheless, knowledge of rural women Veterans and their experiences remains limited. We sought to understand rural women Veterans' perceptions and needs related to VHA healthcare, including barriers to enrolling in and using VHA services, and perspectives on how to communicate with rural women Veterans about VHA services. METHODS: Rural women Veterans were recruited through community engagement with established partners and a mass mailing to rural women Veterans not enrolled in or using VHA healthcare. Ten virtual focus groups were conducted with a total of twenty-nine rural women Veterans (27 not enrolled in VHA care and 2 who had not used VHA care in the past 5 years) in 2021. A thematic inductive analytic approach was used to analyze focus group transcripts. FINDINGS: Primary themes regarding rural women Veterans' perceptions of barriers to enrollment and use of VHA healthcare included: (1) poor communication about eligibility and the process of enrollment; (2) belief that VHA does not offer sufficient women's healthcare services; and (3) inconvenience of accessing VHA facilities. CONCLUSION: Although VHA has substantially expanded healthcare services for women Veterans, awareness of such services and the nuances of eligibility and enrollment remains an impediment to enrolling in and using VHA healthcare among rural women Veterans. Recommended strategies include targeted communication with rural women Veterans not enrolled in VHA care to increase their awareness of the enrollment process, eligibility, and expansion of women's healthcare services. Creative strategies to address access and transportation barriers in rural locations are also needed.

Assessment of barriers and facilitators in the implementation of appropriate use criteria for elective percutaneous coronary interventions: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: The use of inappropriate elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) has decreased over time, but hospital-level variation in the use of inappropriate PCI persists. Understanding the barriers and facilitators to the implementation of Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) guidelines may inform efforts to improve elective PCI appropriateness. METHODS: All hospitals performing PCI in Washington State were categorized by their use of inappropriate elective PCI in 2010 to 2013. Semi-structured, qualitative telephone interviews were then conducted with 17 individual interviews at 13 sites in Washington State to identify barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the AUC guidelines. An inductive and deductive, team-based analytical approach, drawing primarily on Matrix analysis was performed to identify factors affecting implementation of the AUC. RESULTS: Specific facilitators were identified that supported successful implementation of the AUC. These included collaborative catheterization laboratory environments that allow all staff to participate with questions and opinions; ongoing AUC education with catheterization laboratory teams and referring providers; internal AUC peer review processes; interventional cardiologist be directly involved with the pre-procedural review process; checklist-based algorithms for pre-procedural documentation; systems redesign to include insurance companies; and AUC educational information with patients. Barriers to implementation of the AUC included external pressures, such as competition for patients, and the lack of shared medical records with sites that referred patients for coronary angiography. CONCLUSIONS: The identified facilitators enabled sites to successfully implement the AUC. Catheterization laboratories struggling to successfully implement the AUC may consider utilizing these strategies to improve their processes to improve patient selection for elective PCI.

Perspectives on a Home Telehealth Care Management Program for Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Who Smoke.

BACKGROUND: Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have high rates of smoking and low quit rates. We conducted a qualitative evaluation of an integrated smoking cessation randomized controlled trial (RCT) that used home telehealth and motivational interviewing (MI) to change smoking behaviors among individuals with PTSD. METHOD: Using a convenience sample sourced from the original RCT, intervention and control group participants were invited to participate in a qualitative evaluation. Semistructured interview guides were used to assess the effectiveness of study components, make recommendations for future interventions, and identify facilitators/barriers to smoking cessation. We analyzed these data using an inductive and deductive, team-based content analysis approach. RESULTS: We interviewed 32 study participants (intervention: n = 15, control: n = 17) who completed the original RCT within the previous 6 months. Respondents were highly satisfied with home telehealth and MI counseling. The intervention group respondents found MI counseling to be supportive, nonjudgmental, and informative. Control group respondents felt that they had received smoking cessation assistance. Respondents from both groups desired more information about PTSD and smoking, relied on smoking as a coping mechanism for PTSD, and believed that quitting was an individual choice. CONCLUSION: Respondents reported that home telehealth and MI were acceptable ways to provide smoking cessation assistance to individuals with PTSD. The support and increased awareness of smoking behaviors were perceived as helpful. Future investigations should focus on increasing support and information about stress management, smoking, PTSD, and the relationship between them for individuals with PTSD who smoke.

The Veterans Health Administration's proposal for APRN full-practice authority.

The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is proposing full-practice authority for advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) to improve access, care delivery, and patient choice, as well as reduce costs. The authors performed a mixed-methods assessment to obtain the perspectives of administrators and APRNs on the characterization of the APRN workforce and their present practice in the VHA.

Perspectives of patients on factors relating to adherence to post-acute coronary syndrome medical regimens.

PURPOSE: Poor adherence to cardioprotective medications after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) hospitalization is associated with increased risk of rehospitalization and mortality. Clinical trials of multifaceted interventions have improved medication adherence with varying results. Patients' perspectives on interventions could help researchers interpret inconsistent outcomes. Identifying factors that patients believe would improve adherence might inform the design of future interventions and make them more parsimonious and sustainable. The objective of this study was to obtain patients' perspectives on adherence to medical regimens after experiencing an ACS event and their participation in a medication adherence randomized control trial following their hospitalization. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-four in-depth interviews were conducted with ACS patients who participated in an efficacious, multifaceted, medication adherence randomized control trial. Interview transcripts were analyzed using the constant comparative approach. RESULTS: Participants described their post-ACS event experiences and how they affected their adherence behaviors. Patients reported that adherence decisions were facilitated by mutually respectful and collaborative provider-patient treatment planning. Frequent interactions with providers and medication refill reminder calls supported improved adherence. Additional facilitators included having social support, adherence routines, and positive attitudes toward an ACS event. The majority of patients expressed that being active participants in health care decision-making contributed to their health. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that respectful collaborative communication can contribute to medication adherence after ACS hospitalization. These results suggest a potential role for training health-care providers, including pharmacists, social workers, registered nurses, etc, to elicit and acknowledge the patients' views regarding medication treatment in order to improve adherence. Future research is needed with providers to understand how they elicit and acknowledge patients' views, particularly in the face of nonadherence, and with patients to understand how to empower them to share their opinions with their providers.

Variability of antithrombotic dosing among veterans presenting with acute coronary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Antithrombotic therapy for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients is recommended by clinical practice guidelines. Appropriate dosing of antithrombotic therapy is necessary to ensure effectiveness and safety and is an American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association ST elevated myocardial infarction/non-ST elevated myocardial infarction performance measure. This study describes the variability in dosing of unfractionated heparin (UH) and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in an integrated health care system with electronic medical records and computerized physician order entry (CPOE). METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a mixed-methods study of veterans presenting with ACS at 135 Veterans Health Administration hospitals from 2009 to 2011. Patients hospitalized with ACS and received antithrombotic therapy were included (n=36 682). The cohort was 98% male with an average age of 66 years and median body mass index (BMI) of 28.6. The average percentage of patients by hospital who received an above-recommended dose of either antithrombotic was 7.5% and ranged 0% to 32.0%. By individual therapy, the average percentage of patients by hospital who received an above-recommended dose of UH was 1.2% and LMWH was 12.9%. Risk-adjusted analyses demonstrated that older age and higher BMI were associated with lower risk for receiving a dose above recommended levels. Additionally, there was an association between antithrombotic ordered by a resident and higher risk of the patient receiving an above-recommended dose. Qualitative interviews supported the quantitative findings by highlighting the need to use current patient weight and the need to adequately train providers on the use of CPOE to improve antithrombotic dosing. CONCLUSION: This study found wide hospital variability in dosing of antithrombotics above the recommended level for patients treated for ACS.