Food-grade silica-loaded gallic acid nanocomposites: Synthesis and mechanism for enhancing water-based biological activity.

As the low water solubility of gallic acid (GA), its biological activities such as water-based antioxidant effect may be greatly reduced. Therefore, GA-loaded nanocomposites (F-SiO2@GA) with high water solubility were synthesized via solvent evaporation using food-grade silica (F-SiO2) as carriers in this work. The assessment of antioxidant capacity revealed that F-SiO2@GA exhibited considerably greater free-radical scavenging ability than free GA and the physical mixture of F-SiO2 and GA. In the photooxidation experiment of food-grade gardenia yellow pigment (GYP), F-SiO2@GA showed a notable antioxidant effect on GYP solution. Additionally, in the storage experiment on chilled whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) treated with F-SiO2@GA, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values were effectively inhibited. In conclusion, the internal encapsulation of GA effectively prevented the self-aggregation phenomenon, thereby facilitating the exposure of its active phenolic hydroxyl group and significantly enhancing its water-based biological activity.

Low Tidal Volume Reduces Lung Inflammation Induced by Liquid Ventilation in Piglets With Severe Lung Injury.

Total liquid ventilation (TLV) is an alternative treatment for severe lung injury. High tidal volume is usually required for TLV to maintain adequate CO2 clearance. However, high tidal volume may cause alveolar barotrauma. We aim to investigate the effect of low tidal volume on pulmonary inflammation in piglets with lung injury and under TLV. After the establishment of acute lung injury model by infusing lipopolysaccharide, 12 piglets were randomly divided into two groups, TLV with high tidal volume (25 mL/kg) or with low tidal volume (6 mL/kg) for 240 min, respectively. Extracorporeal CO2 removal was applied in low tidal volume group to improve CO2 clearance and in high tidal volume group as sham control. Gas exchange and hemodynamic status were monitored every 30 min during TLV. At the end of the study, pulmonary mRNA expression and plasmatic concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were measured by collecting lung tissue and blood samples from piglets. Arterial blood pressure, PaO2 , and PaCO2 showed no remarkable difference between groups during the observation period. Compared with high tidal volume strategy, low tidal volume resulted in 76% reduction of minute volume and over 80% reduction in peak inspiratory pressure during TLV. In addition, low tidal volume significantly diminished pulmonary mRNA expression and plasmatic level of IL-6 and IL-8. We conclude that during TLV, low tidal volume reduces lung inflammation in piglets with acute lung injury without compromising gas exchange.