A risk model based on ferroptosis- and cuproptosis-related lncRNAs predicts prognosis and immune microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma by bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification.

Ferroptosis and cuproptosis are both novel types of cell death. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are associated with multiple cancers. Notably, bioinformatics study of ferroptosis- and cuproptosis-related lncRNAs (FCLs) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has not been elucidated. In this study, we used univariate Cox, multivariate Cox, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox (LASSO-Cox) analyses to screen three FCLs, namely AC079193.2, AC090559.1, and AL512363.1. We then showed that these three FCLs were tumor-specific and correlated with ferroptosis and cuproptosis using qRT-PCR. Next, a prognostic risk model consisting of high- and low-risk cohorts was successfully constructed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas-LUAD data. The high-risk group consistently demonstrated poor prognosis. The accuracy of the model was evaluated using AUC, C-index curves, and nomograms. Furthermore, KEGG and GO analysis with R software showed significant enrichment in immune functions and metabolic pathways. Hereto, the immune function and immune cell expression results were more pronounced in the low-risk versus high-risk group. In conclusion, the prognostic risk model comprised of three FCLs effectively predicted patient outcomes and is associated with the immune microenvironment in LUAD.

Diagnostic accuracy of fiberoptic ductoscopy plus in vivo iodine staining for intraductal proliferative lesions.

BACKGROUND: Iodine staining during endoscopy has been successfully used to detect early carcinomatous and precancerous lesions in the esophagus, cervix, and oral cavity. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) plus in vivo iodine staining for intraductal proliferative lesions of the breast. METHODS: We performed periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and in vitro iodine staining on 52 and 64 specimens of benign mammary hyperplasia, respectively, and 57 and 53 specimens of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), respectively. Next, FDS was performed on 177 recurrent nipple discharge patients who were randomly divided into two groups. One group was iodine-staining group in which 92 patients were randomly selected to undergo iodine staining during FDS, and the remaining 85 were assigned to the control group. Biopsy specimens of suspicious lesions were obtained and subjected to histopathological examination. RESULTS: Following PAS staining, benign mammary hyperplasia lesions were positively stained, while negligible PAS positivity was observed in the DCIS lesions (P < 0.05). Following in vitro iodine staining, benign mammary hyperplasia specimens appeared dark brown, whereas DCIS samples appeared significantly lighter or unstained. Compared with the pathological examination results, FDS with iodine staining showed an agreement rate in the diagnosis of ductal intraepithelial neoplasia (DIN), sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and Youden index of 97.82%, 98.83%, 83.33%, 5.93, 0.014, and 0.8216, respectively; the corresponding values for FDS without iodine staining were 88.24%, 89.16%, 50.00%, 1.78, 0.217, and 0.3916, respectively. CONCLUSION: FDS with iodine staining was superior to conventional FDS for the diagnosis of DIN and is valuable for breast cancer prevention.

[Efficacy of late accelerated hyperfractionated conformal radiotherapy combined with capecitabine for esophageal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of late accelerated hyperfractionated conformal radiotherapy (LACF) combined with capecitabine on esophageal carcinoma. METHODS: One hundred and sixty eight patients of esophageal cancer were randomly divided into 3 groups, including the radiotherapy alone group (CF) which received conventional conformal radiotherapy to a total of 60 - 66 Gy, LCAF group which received conventional fractionated conformal radiotherapy during the first two-thirds of the treatment to a dose about 40 Gy/20F/4W, then followed by late accelerated hyperfractionated conformal radiotherapy, twice daily radiotherapy at 1.3 Gy per fraction to a total dose about 64 - 69 Gy, and LCAF + C group (late accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy combined with capecitabine), in which patients were treated as the same as the LCAF group, except that they were treated with capecitabine (1.5 g po bid) from beginning of the radiotherapy to the end. RESULTS: The short-term results of the 3 groups were 74.0%, 85.5% and 95.2%, respectively (P = 0.006). The local control rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 64.0%, 30.0%, 24.0% in the CF group, 81.8%, 65.5%, 58.2% in the LCAF group and 90.1%, 77.8%, 74.6% in the LCAF+C group, respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of the 3 groups were 58.0%, 20.0%, 8.0%; 78.2%, 36.4%, 17.0% and 85.7%, 55.6%, 30.2%, respectively. The effect of LCAF+C group was better than that of LCAF group and CF group. The incidence of acute tracheitis and acute esophagitis in the LCAF+C group and LCAF group was higher than that in the CF group, but there was no stastistically significant difference between the 2 groups. There was no statistically significant difference in distant metastasis in the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Capecitabine, as an effective chemosensitizater combined with late accelerate hyperfractionated radiotherapy can improve the short-term results of treatment of esophageal cancer. The value of this combined treatment in distant metastasis reqires further study in the clinic.